Jian-Huw Wu 吳 建 樺 2018.01.
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Sr. Project Manager / Keysight Technologies
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eMBB
10-20 Gbps peak
100 Mbps whenever needed
10000x more traffic
Macro and small cells
Support for high mobility
(500 km/h)
Network energy saving by
100 times
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D AT A T H R O U G H P U T E N H A N C E M E N T
• BW: 20M • BW: carrier aggregation • BW
• Unlicensed band
• MIMO: 4*4 MIMO • MIMO: 8*8 MIMO • LAA
• Modulation: • LWA
• Modulation:
• LWIP
64QAM DL / 16QAM UL 256QAM DL / 64QAM UL
R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 4
under study for IMT
Ref: 3gpp 38.121-1 under WRC Agenda item 1.13
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P R O PA G AT I O N C O N D I T I O N S
Tx Rx
Antenna A Antenna B
The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by
the Friis Transmission Formula:
Propagation losses
Can be used to increase
Prx (limited)
Can be used to
increase Prx
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EPC 5GC
Control plane User Plane
gNB /
eNodeB
ng-eNB
Radio Core netwok Option Radio Core netwok Option
EPC 1 EPC 1
LTE/eLTE LTE/eLTE
Stand alone Stand alone
NR
5GC 2
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Master Node
Secondary Node
Carrier Aggregation Dual Connectivity
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Master Node
Secondary Node
Intra-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (DC) >> 3gpp 36.300
Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) >> 3gpp 37.340
Carrier Aggregation Dual Connectivity
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EPC 5GC
eNodeB gNB
Option1 Option2
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EPC 5GC
eNodeB gNB
gNB
Option3
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Option7
EPC
5GC 5GC
eNodeB gNB
gNB
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EPC
5GC 5GC
eNodeB gNB
gNB
Option2
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15
EUTRAN (master) + NR (second) EPC
Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)
eNodeB en-gNB
gNB
Ref: 3GPP 37.340 16
Option7
EN-DC with 5GC
NE-DC with 5GC Option4
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n7 (Band) 7 (Band) XII
NR LTE WCDMA
65 to 256 is reserved
for new LTE and new
NR bands in FR1
Ref : 3gpp 38.817-01 18
257 to 512 is reserved
for new NR bands in
FR2.
For FR2, the table will only contain unpaired frequency ranges,
assuming that there will be no FDD operation
Ref : 3gpp 38.817-01 19
Ref : 3gpp 38.817-01
EPC
NR
CA
LTE
N77+N78
CA
band1 +band 2
eNodeB gNB
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Source : R4-1713189 by NTT Docomo
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E X A M P L E O F S U P P L E M E N TA R Y U P L I N K
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E X A M P L E O F S U P P L E M E N TA R Y U P L I N K
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NOT A NEW IDEA
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W AV E F O R M , N U M E R O L O G Y A N D F R A M E S T R U C T U R E
• Scalable subcarrier spacing
∆𝑓 = 2𝜇 · 15 𝑘𝐻𝑧
• Parameters defining a numerology:
• Subcarrier spacing (i.e. µ parameter)
• Cyclic prefix (i.e. Normal/Extended)
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W AV E F O R M , N U M E R O L O G Y A N D F R A M E S T R U C T U R E
• Resource elements are grouped into Physical Resource Blocks (PRB)
• Each PRB consists of 12 subcarriers
𝒎𝒊𝒏,𝝁 𝒎𝒂𝒙,𝝁
µ Δf 𝑵𝑹𝑩 𝑵𝑹𝑩 Max transmission BW
0 15 kHz 20 275 49.5 MHz
1 30 kHz 20 275 99 MHz
2 60 kHz 20 275 198MHz
3 120 kHz 20 275 396MHz
4 240 kHz 20 138 397.44Mhz
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W AV E F O R M , N U M E R O L O G Y A N D F R A M E S T R U C T U R E
• Resource elements are grouped into Physical Resource Blocks (PRB)
• Each PRB consists of 12 subcarriers
𝒎𝒊𝒏,𝝁 𝒎𝒂𝒙,𝝁
µ Δf 𝑵𝑹𝑩 𝑵𝑹𝑩 Max transmission BW
0 15 kHz 20 275 49.5 MHz
1 30 kHz 20 275 99 MHz
2 60 kHz 20 275 198MHz
3 120 kHz 20 275 396MHz
4 240 kHz 20 138 397.44Mhz
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For E-UTRA, the channel bandwidth related to the transmit and
receive bandwidths of both the BS and all of the UEs with
Channel bandwidth which the BS communicates.
For NR, however different UE channel bandwidths may be supported
within the same spectrum.
BS Channel bandwidth
UE Channel bandwidth
Ref: 3gpp 38.817-01
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Figure 4.2.1-1 Example of allocation to UEs with different UE channel bandwidth within a BS channel bandwidth
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Ref: 3gpp 38.817-01
The subcarrier spacing can be ordered to
Channel bandwidth UE transmission bandwidth
change (e.g. to allow different services).
BS Channel bandwidth
UE Channel bandwidth UE Bandwidth part
• the width can be ordered to change (e.g. to shrink
during period of low activity to save power)
the location can move in the frequency domain (e.g.
to increase scheduling flexibility )
Ref: 3gpp 38.211
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B A N D W I D T H PA R T S
BWP config for PCell
BWP # 1 BWP # 2
PCell BWP swit ch by BWP swit ch by
DCI DCI
BWP RRC-layer
config
BWP # 1 BWP # 1
Init ial BWP SSB
BWP # 2
BWP config for SCell
BWP # 1 BWP # 2
SCell
BWP # 2
BWP # 1 BWP # 1
BWP swit ch by BWP swit ch by
Scell Act ivat ion DCI
DCI
CONNECTED
Init ial Access
Single Mult iple Act ivat ed Cells
Act ivat ed 34
Cell
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One subfram e
R O U G H C A L C U L AT I O N
• Throughput = (TBS : Transport Block Size) / (TTI :Time Transmission Internal ) subframe ,
N symb OFDM Sym bols
𝒎𝒊𝒏,𝝁 𝒎𝒂𝒙,𝝁 k 0
µ Δf 𝑵𝑹𝑩 𝑵𝑹𝑩 Max transmission BW ...
...
0 15 kHz 20 275 49.5
1 30 kHz 20 275 99
2 60 kHz 20 275
subcarriers
198 ...
subcarriers
3 120 kHz 20 275 396
RB
sc
N
4 240 kHz 20 138 397.44
·N scRB
Resource Elem ent
Resource Block
N RB
• Number of RE (Resource element ) = 12 * 14 = 168 ...
• Number of RE in 400M BW = 168* 275 = 46200
• Number of information bits = 46200 * 8(256QAM) * 8(8*8 MIMO) = 2956800 bits ...
...
k N RB
max
·N scRB 1
l 0 l 14·2 1
Ref: 3gpp 38.211 37
Number of OFDM Symbols Number of Slots per Number of Slots per Frame
Subcarrier Spacing (µ) 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒,𝜇 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒,𝜇
per Slot (𝑁𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑏 ) Subframe (𝑁𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 ) (𝑁𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 )
0 14 1 10
15 kHz 1 ms 1 slot x 1 ms = 1 ms 10 ms
1 14 2 20
30 kHz 500 µs 2 slots x 500 µs = 1 ms 10 ms
2 14 4 40
60 kHz (normal CP) 250 µs 4 slots x 250 µs = 1 ms 10 ms
2 12 4 40
60 kHz (extended CP) 250 µs 4 slots x 250 µs = 1 ms 10 ms
3 14 8 80
120 kHz 125 µs 8 slots x 125 µs = 1 ms 10 ms
4 14 16 160
240 kHz 62.5 µs 16 slots x 62.5 µs = 1 ms 10 ms
• Throughput = 1483776 bits / (1ms/2^3) = 23654400 bpps = 23.65 G bps
• 1CC , 400M BW ,SCS=120kHz , 256QAM , 8*8 MIMO , coding rate =1 >> 23.65 Gbps
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Ref: 3gpp 38.211
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Ref: 3gpp 38.214
HOW MANY RE IN THE SLOT?
is the number of scheduled OFDM symbols in a slot >> max =14
is the number of REs for DM-RS per PRB in the scheduled duration including the overhead of the DM-RS
CDM groups indicated by DCI format 1_0/1_1 N
is the overhead configured by higher layer parameter Xoh-PDSCH
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Ref: 3gpp 38.214
• Self-contained slots
It’s possible to transmit UL/DL scheduling , Data , ACK , SRS
in one time slot !
Ref: 3gpp 38.211 41
PDSCH HARQ ACK/NACK
K1
N N+1 N+2 N+3 N+4 N+5 N+6 N+7 N+8
Ref: 3gpp 38.213
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Tx Rx
Antenna A Antenna B
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• Beamforming technology has been widely
used for dedicated (UE specific)
channels/signals including PDSCH
beamforming and CSI-RS beamforming so far
in the current LTE releases.
• Coverage extension obtained through the use
of beamforming is directly correlated to its
array gain.
• For the transmission of cell specific
channels/signals, e.g. PBCH, SIB, CRS, PSS,
SSS and PDCCH, beamforming is another
potential method to overcome the high
propagation loss in NR.
REF: Huawei, HiSilicon, “Coverage Issues of Massive MIMO in NR”, R1-164372, Nanjing, China, May 23-27, 2016
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Due to possible UE movement, UE rotation and blocking, the directional beam pairs should be
updated from time to time to maintain the link quality between TRP and UE
Frequency
Frequency
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Time Time
• Beam acquisition and tracking
• Beam refinement
• Beam feedback
• Beam switch
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BEAM ACQUISITION AND TRACKING
Beam Index (BI)
beam reference signal (BRS)
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BEAM REFINEMENT
• In the beam acquisition procedure, the best direction for the 5GNB to transmit and the UE to
receive is determined.
• In the beam refinement procedure, the wider beam (direction) is narrowed down (refined) by the
5GNB transmitting narrower beams only in the direction determined in the beam acquisition
procedure.
Control Beam
Data Beam Ref: 3gpp R1-166089 by Huawei
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BEAM FEEDBACK
• BSI is based on
measurements of BRS, and
the reported parameters are
Beam Index (BI) and Beam
Reference Signal Received
Power (BRSRP).
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BEAM FEEDBACK
• BRI is based on the
Beam Refinement
Reference Signal (BRRS)
measurements, and the
reported parameters are
Beam Refinement
Reference Signal
Resource Index (BRRS-
RI) and Beam
Refinement Reference
Signal Received Power
(BRRS-RP).
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BEAM SWITCH
• DCI-based procedure
• MAC-CE-based procedure
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5 G P R O T O C O L R & D T O O L S E T - L 1 / L 2 / L 3 PA R A M E T E R S R E A D / E D I T I N R E A L T I M E
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5G PROTOCOL TOOLSET - LOG VIEWER
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5 G P R O T O C O L R & D T O O L S E T - K E Y P E R F. I N D I C AT O R S
• Protocol stack feature tests
• Integrated stack tests
• Layer 1 tests
• Functional tests
• Regression tests
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5G RF DVT TOOLSET
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5 G R F D V T T O O L S E T – T E S T A U T O M AT I O N
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5 G R F D V T T O O L S E T – T E S T A U T O M AT I O N
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EXAMPLE FROM VERIZON WIRELESS 5G LAB
See the video : https://www.thestreet.com/video/14346395/our-exclusive-look-at-verizon-s-new-5g-network.html
Verizon Communications Inc. (VZ - Get Report) is testing a 5G network - and TheStreet got an exclusive look at all of it.
We met with Nicki Palmer, Verizon Wireless‘ Chief Network Officer at their operations center in N.J. and she filled us in on their 5G
testings and explained what it’s means for all of us. Plus we got an exclusive look at their brand new 5G testing facility.
5G (G for generational) basically means faster, bigger, better, says Palmer.
It means new waves of innovation and a really seamless platform for virtual reality. So you'll get way faster data transfer - like in the single
milliseconds, along with products and applications that 4G just can't handle.
Verizon currently is testing 5G in 11 cities: Ann Arbor, MI, Atlanta, Bernardsville, N.J., Brockton, MA, Dallas, Denver, Houston, Miami,
Sacramento, Seattle and Washington DC.So lucky you if you live in any of those cities.
They've also created a brand new, dedicated 5G and Internet of Things (IoT) wing to their device testing lab in New Jersey. (IoT is a
system that allows the transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.)
The lab has more than 10,000 square feet of testing going on. And the typical device goes through five to six hardware and/or software
upgrades before getting approval, according to the company.
Granted, AT&T Inc.'s (T - Get Report) , Sprint Corp. (S - Get Report) & T-Mobile US (TMUS - Get Report) all are testing 5G networks in
some shape or form.
But at this point, Verizon is positioned to be the first to launch a 5G fixed wireless broadband solution in the U.S. sometime in 2018, says
Palmer, noting they were first to launch national 3G and 4G LTE networks
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jian-hua_wu@keysight.com
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