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Pharmacology of Ginger

This document discusses ginger (Zingiber officinale), an herb that originates from Southeast Asia. It has a tuberous rhizome that is commonly used. The document outlines ginger's chemical constituents including gingerols and shogaols. It then discusses ginger's traditional folkloric uses as well as its pharmacological effects including being hypolipidemic, reducing nausea and vomiting, having antioxidant and antiviral properties, being anti-ulcerogenic, treating migraines, and having anti-inflammatory effects. Studies on 6-shogaol are presented showing its effects in reducing knee swelling and cartilage damage in arthritis models.

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Arkene Levy
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262 views24 pages

Pharmacology of Ginger

This document discusses ginger (Zingiber officinale), an herb that originates from Southeast Asia. It has a tuberous rhizome that is commonly used. The document outlines ginger's chemical constituents including gingerols and shogaols. It then discusses ginger's traditional folkloric uses as well as its pharmacological effects including being hypolipidemic, reducing nausea and vomiting, having antioxidant and antiviral properties, being anti-ulcerogenic, treating migraines, and having anti-inflammatory effects. Studies on 6-shogaol are presented showing its effects in reducing knee swelling and cartilage damage in arthritis models.

Uploaded by

Arkene Levy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ginger

Zingiber Officinale
FAMILY: ZINGIBERACEAE

GINGER PLANT

Erect perennial herb with tuberous rhizomes


which are commonly called the root.
Extensively cultivated throughout the tropics

Originated SE Asia

Three main types found in Jamaican ginger are :

China blue, Frog blue, Jamaican native

GINGER PLANT

GINGER (Zingiber Officinale) RHIZOME

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF GINGER


Essential oil:
Zingiberone
Beta-phellandrene
Alpha-curcumene
Zingiberol
Linalool
Pungent constituents (phenylalkylketones or vanillyl
ketones) : gingerols** and shogaols***
Gingerinone

GINGEROL AND SHOGAOL ISOFORMS


6-gingerol
8-gingerol
10-gingerol
6-shogaol
8-shogaol
10-shogaol

GINGER OIL: RHIZOME CONTAINS 1-4% VOLATILE OILS


EXTRACTED VIA STEAM DISTILLATION

FOLKLORIC USES
1.

Relieves joint pain

2.

Aids digestion

3.

Settles upset stomach

4.

Relieves motion sickness

5.

Protects against ulcers

6.

Expectorant

PHARMACOLOGY OF GINGER
1. Hypolipidemic

Ethanol extract of ginger lowered


serum LDL and TG levels in rabbit
model of hypercholestoremia

PHARMACOLOGY OF GINGER
2. Nausea and vomiting

In pregnancy: Altern Health Med 2002 8(5):


89-91

Post operative: Iranian Red Crescent


Medical Journal. 2013 December; 15(12):
E12268

Possible antagonism of 5HT receptors

PHARMACOLOGY OF GINGER
3. Anti-oxidant effects

Ginger extracts protect against


oxidative stress

Main y phenolic compounds and


Pinostrobin from Thai ginger

PHARMACOLOGY OF GINGER
4. Anti-viral effects

Ginger extracts show inhibitory


activity against Rhino viruses

Mainly Beta-Sesquiphillandrene

PHARMACOLOGY OF GINGER
5. Anti-Ulcerogenic

Protetive effect of ginger powder


against aspirin induced ulcers in rats

Mainly shogaol and gingerol also beta


sesquiphellandrene, beta bisasolene

Yonago Acta medica 2011;54:1119

PHARMACOLOGY OF GINGER
5. Anti-Migraine
Efficacy of ginger powder comparitive
to that of sumatriptan in migraine
patients

PHARMACOLOGY OF GINGER
6. Anti-inflammatory
Powdered ginger-RA
Ginger extract- OA
Shogaol CFA arthritis (A. levy, 2006)

6-SHOGAOL levy et al
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE :
C17H24O3
n=4

CHEMICAL FAMILY: PHENOLIC ACIDS

CONCENTRATION IN FRACTION2=0.089 mg/ml

change in knee circumfrence (mm)

Fig.1 The effect of ginger oil on knee swelling in rat adjuvant arthritis model
10

*P=0.002
*

0
2

ginger oil
treated animals
controls

10

12

14

16

18

post injection time (days)

20

CARTILAGE STRUCTURE
NORMAL ANIMAL

CARTILAGE STRUCTURESHOGAOL

CARTILAGE STRUCTURE-CONTROL
ANIMAL

EXISTING LITERATURE
Bliddal. H, et al (2000)- significant alleviation of pain in
osteoarthritis by ginger extract.

Sharma. JN et al(1994) - ginger oil caused significant suppression of


both paw and joint swelling in chronic adjuvant arthritis
Srivastava, et al(1992)-powdered ginger inhibited pain and
swelling in patients with RA.
These investigations reported inhibition of Cox enzymes and
lipoxygenases as a possible route of gingers anti- inflammatory action.
From these reports there seems to be a high probability that ginger
may be a useful source of compounds with antagonistic properties
against pro-inflammatory agents .

GINGER IS USED WORLDWIDE AS A SPICE

dried ginger is usually sold in form of


an off-white to very light brown
powder.

Ginger leaves are occasionally used


for flavouring in ginger producing
countries

Description: 5% gingerols

Size: 60ct 250mg

Serving Size: 1 Capsule

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