1

The Indian Factories Act, 1948 extends to whole

India as it is Central Act.

Enforcement
Its enforcement is through State Government
by adopting State Factories Rules.

ENFORCEMENT & AMENDMENTS

The Factories Act originated in India in 1881.
First time enforced after independence of
India in 1948.
First time amendments in 1976.
Major amendments made in 1987 after
Bhopal gas tragedy in 1984.

1987 amendments partly made in line of ILO convention, 1981

on occupational health and safety.
3

3 SCHEDULES & 11 CHAPTERS

Schedules
1.

List of industries involving in

hazardous process.

2.

Permissible exposure limit of

certain chemical substances in
work.

3.

List of notifiable diseases.

Chapters
1. Preliminary
2. Inspecting staf
3. Health
4. Safety
4. A. Hazardous processes
5. Welfare
6. Working hours of adults
7. Employment of young persons.
8. Annual leave with wages.
9. Special provisions.
10. Penalties and procedures.
11. Supplemental
4

CHAPTER I
5

Preliminary

DEFINITIONS
Sections
2a

Adult

> 18 years of age

2b

Adolescent

> 15 years
< 18
years of age

2c

Child

< 15 years of age

2 (ca)

Competent person

Any person or
institution.
Recognized as such
by the Chief Inspector.
For the purpose of
carrying out tests,
examinations and
inspections.

DEFINITIONS
Section
2e

Day

A period of 24 hours beginning at

midnight.

2f

week

2(bc)

Hazardous
Process

A period of 7 days beginning at

midnight on Saturday night.
Any process or activity in
relation to industry (specified in
first schedule)
Where, unless special care is
taken, raw material or the
intermediate or finished
products, by products, wastes or
effluents thereof would
cause material impairment to the
health of the persons engaged,
result in the pollution of the

DEFINITIONS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS SEC 2K
i
ii
iii
iv

Any process for making, altering, repairing, ornamenting, packing, oiling,

washing, cleaning, breaking up, demolishing, or otherwise treating, or
adapting any article, or substance with a view to its use sale, transport,
delivery or disposal, or
Pumping oil, water, sewage, or any other substance, or
Generating, transforming, or transmitting power
Composing types for printing, printing by letter press, lithography,
photogravure of other similar process or book binding.

Constructing, reconstructing, repairing, refitting, finishing, or breaking

up ships or vessels.

vi

Preserving or storing any article in cold storage.

8

DEFINITIONS

WORKER SEC 2(L)

Worker means a person [employed, directly or by or through any
agency (including a contractor) with or without the knowledge of
the principal employer, whether for remuneration or not] in any
manufacturing process or in cleaning any part of the machinery
or premises used for a manufacturing process, or in any other
kind of work incidental to, or connected with, the manufacturing
process, [but does not include any member of the armed forces of
the union].

DEFINITIONS

FACTORY- SECTION 2M
i

ii

Whereon 10 or more workers are working, or were working on

any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of
which a manufacturing process is being carried on with the
aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on, or

Whereon 20 or more workers are working, or were working on

any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of
which a manufacturing process is being carried on without the
aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on
10

DEFINITIONS
Section
2n

occupier

Occupier : means a person who has ultimate

control over the afairs of the factory.
In case of a firm or association : any one
of the partner or members thereof
In case of a company : any one of the
Directors
In case of a factory owned by the central
/ State Government : the person or
persons appointed to manage the afairs
of the factory

2p

prescribed

Prescribed means prescribed by rules made by

the state
Government under this act

Note: The Occupier for all facilities of HZL covered under the
Factories Act is Mr. Akhilesh Joshi, COO & WTD, HZL.

11

DEFINITIONS

(RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES,

1951)
Section
2(l)

Manager

It means the person responsible to the

occupier for the working of the factory for the
purposes of the Act.

2A

Competent
Person

The

competent person shall be physically fit.

The

chief Inspector may relax the

requirement of qualifications in respect of
competent person.
The

12by
chief Inspector may, after being heard
the competent person, revoke the certificate of
competency on certain prescribed conditions.

APPROVAL, LICENSING AND

REGISTRATION OF FACTORIESSEC
6
The State Government may make rulesRequiring for the purpose of this Act, the submission of plans to Chief
Inspector or the State Govt.
Requiring the previous permission in writing for construction or
extension.
Requiring the registration and licensing of factories.
No license shall be granted or renewed unless the notice specified in sec
7 has been given.
Note:Rajasthan Factories Rules
Rule 3 & 3A Submission and Approval of plans
Rule 3 C Certificate of stability in respect of the building by competent
person
Rule 4 Notice of occupation in Form no. 2 for registration and grant of
license
Rule 5&6 Grand and amendment of license.

13

GENERAL DUTIES OF THE

OCCUPIER
Every occupier shall ensure, so far as is reasonably
practicable,
the health safety and welfare of all workers while
SEC7A
they are at work.

1.

2.

Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of subsection (1), the matters to which such duty extends, shall
includeThe provision, maintenance or monitoring of such working environment in
the factory for the workers that is safe, without risk to health and
adequate in regards to facilities and arrangements for welfare at work.
The provision of such information, instruction, training and supervision
as are necessary to ensure the health and safety.

3. Every

occupier shall prepare a written statement of his general

policy with respect to the health and safety of the workers at
14
work.
Note: The Occupier ensures the above duties through all the executives
by policy and delegation of roles and responsibilities and through
Safety Implementation Policy

General Duties and responsibilities of occupier:

shall ensure the health, safety and welfare of all workers by
various means and shall prepare a general Safety Policy to be
reviewed time to time injury or dangerous occurrences or
acquiring notifiable diseases by any worker shall be reported to
the identified authorities.
- Arrange for procuring properly designed plants and
system.
- Shall ensure provision of rupture disc, relief valves on
reaction vessels to cut of / avoid escalation of pressure.
- Arrange for certification by Competent Person before
allowing any worker to work in confined places.
- to take adequate measures for prevention of fire
hazards and to provide necessary fire fighting
equipment.
To obtain clearance for establishing hazardous unit by
the Site Appraisal Committee.
- To furnish details to the Chief Inspector of Factories for
scrutiny and approval about the existing hazardous
processes.
- To maintain health records for workers working in
15
hazardous processes.

- To follow stipulations regarding TLVs of chemicals in

work places.
To take action to rectify defects when complain is
received from workers regarding danger to safety,health and
environment in hazardous processes.
- To provide alternate employment to workers when
operations are prohibited.

16

17

GENERAL DUTIES OF
MANUFACTURER
Every person who designs, manufactures, imports or
supplies any articles for use in any factory shall
SEC7B
a.
ensure
that the article is so designed and constructed as to be safe
1.

b.
c.

and without risk to the health of the workers when properly used.
Carry out tests and examinations for the efective
implementations of the provision of clause (a)
ensure that the adequate information will be available about the
use of the articles in any factory.
Provided that where an article is designed or manufactured
outside India, it is the duty of importer to see that the article
conforms to the same standard, if manufactured in India.

Other Duties

Elimination or minimization of any risk to the health or safety of

the worker.
Information or advice is necessary related to articles use .

18

CHAPTER II
19

The Inspecting Staf

CERTIFYING SURGEONS SEC- 10

The state Government may appoint qualified medical

practitioners to be certifying surgeons.
A certifying surgeon may, with the approval of the State
Government authorize any qualified medical practitioner to
exercise any of his powers for specific period under this Act

Duties

Examination and certification of young person

Examination of engaged person in dangerous occupations or processes
Exercising of such medical supervision, where

Cases of illness due to the nature of manufacturing process carried on.

By reason of any change in the manufacturing process or in the substances

Explanation
Qualified Medical Practitioner means a person holding a qualification
granted by an authority specified in the schedule to the Indian
20
Medical Degrees Act, 1916

CHAPTER III

Health
21

Cleanliness Sec. 11
1)

Every factory shall be kept clean and free from effluvia arising form any
drain, toilet or other nuisance, and in particularRequired action

frequency

Accumulations of dirt and refuse

sweeping

Daily

Floor of workroom

Washing with disinfectant

once in a week

Wet floor in course of

manufacturing process

Efective means of drainage Always

All inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or top of the rooms
Painted with washable water
paint

Re- painted with at least

one coat of such paint

At least in every 3
years, washing at least
in every 6 months

Painted otherwise than with

washable water paint

Re-painted or re-varnished

Once in every 5 years at

least

All doors and window frames and

other wooden or metallic frame
work and shutters

Painted, varnished

At least once in every 5

years

22

DISPOSAL OF WASTES AND

EFFLUENTS SEC- 12

Efective arrangements for the treatment of

wastes and effluents due to the manufacturing
process.
The state government may make rules
prescribing the arrangements to be made under
sub- section (1) of Section 12

23

1.
a)
b)

i.
ii.

2.
3.

VENTILATION &
TEMPERATURE
Efective and suitable provisions shall be made forSEC.
13
Adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air
Temperature should be in reasonable conditions of comfort and prevent injury
to health
In particular case (temperature)
Walls and roofs shall be of such material and so designed that temperature
shall be kept as low as practicable
Where the production of excessively high temperature, such adequate
measures shall be taken to protect the worker, by separating the process from
the workroom, by insulating the hot parts.

The State Government may prescribe a standard of adequate

ventilation and reasonable temperature

24

The chief Inspector may adopt any suitable measure to reduce the
teperature.

DUST & FUMES

SEC- 14

By reason of manufacturing process, if dust, fume or other

impurity of such a nature is likely to be injurious, then efective
measures shall be taken to prevent its inhalation and exhaust
appliance is necessary, it shall be applied as near as possible to
the point of origin.
No stationary or other internal combustion engine shall be
operated unless the exhaust is conducted into open air to prevent
such accumulation of fumes.
Section15: talks about artificial humidification with pure
water.
Section 16: No room shall be overcrowded to an extent
injurious to the health of workers.

25

LIGHTING
SEC. 17

1. Where workers are working or passing, there shall be provided and

maintained sufficient and suitable lighting, natural or artificial or
both.
2. All glazed windows and skylights shall be kept clean on both the
inner and outer surfaces and free from obstruction.
3. Efective provisions shall be made for the prevention of
a)
b)

Glare and
The formation of shadows to such an extent as to cause eye strain or the
risk of accident to any worker.

Rajasthan Factories Rules

General Illumination over those interior parts where persons are regularly
employed shall be not less than 30LUX
Illumination over all other places be not less than 5 LUX
26
Additional illumination required suitable for the nature of the work.

DRINKING WATER
SEC. 18
In

every factory efective arrangetment shall

be made to provide and maintain at suitable
points conveniently situated supply of
wholesome drinking water.
All such points shall be legibly marked
drinking water in a language understood by
majority of the workers.
Wherein more than 250 workers are working,
cooling drinking water during hot weather by 27
efective means.

LATRINES AND URINALS

SEC - 19

Sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation of prescribed

types.

Separate enclosed accommodation for male and female.

Adequately lighted and ventilated accommodation.

Maintained in a clean and sanitary condition (washing and

cleaning at least once in every week.)
Sweeper shall be employed for this purpose.

28

SPITTOONS

SEC.20

Sufficient number of spittoons in convenient places

and they shall be maintained in a clean and hygienic
condition.
Rajasthan Factories Rules, 1951

Types of spittoonsa galvanized iron container

conical funnel shape cover
Layer of suitable disinfectant liquid
Container filled with dry, clean sand and covered
with a layer of bleaching powder.

29

CHAPTER IV

Safety

30

FENCING OF MACHINERY
SEC - 21

Every moving part of a prime mover and every flywheel connected

to a prime mover

The headrace and tailrace of every water wheel and water turbine

Any part of a stock-bar

Every part of an electric generator, motor or rotary converter

Every part of transmission machinery

Every dangerous part of any other machinery

Shall be securely fenced by safeguards

Rajasthan Factories Rules

The fencing and other devices shall be so constructed

and designed as to render it impossible for any person
to pass between the fencing and a moving part of the
machinery while it is in motion.

31

WORK ON OR NEAR MACHINERY IN MOTION

SEC-22
1.

The machinery is in motion examinations or operations shall be

made or carried out only by a specially trained adult male worker
wearing tight wearing clothing whose name has been recorded in
register.

Such worker shall not handle a belt at a moving pulley unless

2.

the belt is not more than 15 cm (width)

The belt joint in is laced with the belt.
Reasonable clearness between the pulley and any fixed plant
Secure foothold and handhold for operator.
Any Ladder in use, securely fixed or lashed or is firmly held by
second person.
No woman or young person shall be allowed to clean, lubricate or
adjust any part of prime mover while it is in motion.
32

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES

PRESCRIBED UNDER SUB SECTION (1) OF SECTION

22
1. Register

of specially trained adult worker

Register, maintained in form no. 8 in which the

name and other particulars shall be entered.
2. Tight

fitting clothing

Provided by the occupier

This clothing consists of a pair of closely fitting
shirt and a closely half sleeve shirt or vest.

33

EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG PERSONS ON DANGEROUS

MACHINES
No young person shall be allowed to work at machine to which
SEC-23
this section applies unless

He has received sufficient training or

He is under adequate supervision by a person having
thorough knowledge or experience of the machine.
Rajasthan Factories Rules
Prescribed under sub section (2) of Section 23

Dangerous machine- specified in section 28,29 and 30 and the

machines mentioned below

Power presses other than Hydraulic presses

Milling machines used in the metal trades
Circular saws
Platen printing machine
Guillotine machine

34

Sections
24

Striking gear and devices for cutting

of power.

25

Self-acting machines

26

Casing of new machinery

27

Prohibition of employment of women

or children near cotton opener.
35

HOISTS AND LIFTS SEC-28

Good mechanical construction, sound material and adequate strength.

Examination

Register for particulars of every such examinations

:-

every 6 months.

Hoist way and lift way protected by an enclosure fitted with gates.

Maximum SWL plainly marked.

Cage of hoist and lift, fitted with a gate on each side.

Every gate, fitted with interlocking or other efficient device.

Explanation
No lifting machine or appliance shall be deemed to be a hoist or lift
unless it has a platform or cage, the direction or movement of which36
is
restricted by a guide or guides.

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES

EXEMPTION UNDER SUB SECTION (4) OF
SECTION 28
In Register these particulars of examination of hoists and lifts are recorded

Date of examination

No. of hoists and lifts if more than one

The details of test made

Results of examination

Signature of examiner

Designation and qualification of the examiner.

37

LIFTING MACHINES, CHAINS, ROPES AND

LIFTING TACKLES SEC-29

Lifting Machines means a crane, crab, winch, teagle,

pulley block, gin wheel, transporter or runaway
Lifting tackle means any chain sling, rope sling, hook,
shackle, swivel, coupling, socket, clamp, tray or similar
appliance
There are same provisions of lifting machines or
tackles as described in section 28 except time duration
of examination.

Once in 6 months
Once in 12 months

38

lift and hoist

lifting machines and tackles

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES

UNDER SECTION 29

No lifting machines and no chain, rope or lifting tackles except a

fibre rope sling shall be taken in use for the first time in the
factory unless it has been tested or examined by a competent
person.
Register shall contain following particularsName of occupier
Factory address
Distinguishing number of mark
Date, when the equipment used first time.
Date and number of the certificates relating to test or
examination.
Date of periodical examination.
Date of heat treatment of the equipments.
Particulars of any defects afecting the SWL.

39

REVOLVING MACHINERY
SEC- 30
1.

Near the machine, where process of grinding

is carried on, permanently affixed or placed
notice board indicatingthe maximum safe working peripheral speed
The speed of the shaft or spindle upon which
the wheel is mounted
The diameter of the pulley
Efective measures must be taken to ensure
that the safe working peripheral speed of 40
every revolving machine.

PRESSURE PLANT
SEC- 31
If any plant or machinery is operated at
a pressure above atmospheric pressure,
Efective

measures shall be taken to

ensure that safe working pressure of
such plant or machinery or part is not
exceeded.

41

PRESSURE PLANT

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES

PRESCRIBED UNDER SUB SECTION (2) OF
SECTION 31
1. Definitions

Design Pressure- the maximum pressure that a pressure vessel

or plant is designed to operate safely.
Maximum Permissible working pressure- the maximum
pressure at which a pressure vessel or plant is permitted to be
operated.
Plant- A system of piping that is connected to a pressure vessel
and is used to contain a gas, vapor or liquid under pressure
greater than atmospheric pressure.
Pressure Vessel- fire and unfired vessel that may be used for
containing, storing, distributing, transferring, distilling,
processing or otherwise handling any gas, vapor or liquid under
pressure greater than atmospheric pressure.

42

SAFETY DEVICES
Every pressure vessel shall be fitted with

A suitable safety valve or other efective pressure reliving

device.
A suitable pressure gauge (with a dial range not less than 1.5
times easily visible, marked with a red mark)
to show
the correct internal pressure.
A suitable nipple & globe valve
accuracy of pressure gauge.
A suitable stop valve

for checking the

to isolate pressure vessel .

A Suitable drain cock or valve at the lowest part

discharge of the liquid or other substances.

for the
43

PRESSURE REDUCING DEVICES

A suitable pressure reducing valve or other

suitable automatic device to prevent the
maximum permissible working pressure of
the pressure vessel being exceeded.

To

further protect working vessel, at the

failure of the reducing valve or device, at
least one safety valve having a capacity
sufficient to release all the steam, vapor or
gas shall be fitted on the low pressure side of
the reducing valve.

44

NEW PRESSURE VESSEL OR

PLANT BEING TAKEN INTO
USE
No new pressure vessel or plant shall be used unless it has

been used hydrostatically tested at a pressure at least 1.3

times the design pressure.

No pressure vessel or plant which has been isolated or idol

for a period exceeding 2 months or which has under gone
repairs shall be taken into used unless it has been
thoroughly examined externally and internally (If
practicable, it should be hydrostatically tested at a
pressure which shall be 1.5 times the maximum
permissible working pressure).
No pressure vessel or plant shall be used unless there has
been obtained a certificate (specifying the design pressure,
nature of tests) from the maker or competent person

45

TEST & EXAMINATION

Every pressure vessel or plant in service shall be
thoroughly examineda.

Externally:- once in every period of 6 months.

b.

Internally:- once in every period of 12 months.

c.

Hydrostatically tested:- once in every period

of 4 years.

d.

The hydrostatic pressure shall be 1.25 times

the design pressure or 1.5 times the maximum
permissible working pressure, whichever is
less.

46

FLOORS, STAIRS & MEANS OF

ACCESS SEC- 32

All floors, steps, stairs and gangways shall be of

sound construction, properly maintained, shall be
kept free from obstruction and substances.
Provided with substantial handrails.
There shall be provided and maintained safe
means of access to every place.
When any person has to work at height, his
safety must be ensured by fencing or otherwise.
47

PITS, SUMPS, OPENING IN

FLOORS
SEC- 33

Shall be either securely

covered or securely
fenced.
48

EXCESSIVE WEIGHTS SEC- 34

No person shall be employed to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as to be likely to cause him injury.

RAJASTHAN
FACTORIES
RULE
Persons
Max.
weight or material,
PRESCRIBED UNDER SUBSECTION
(2) OF
article, tool or appliance
SECTION34
Adult Females
30 kgs.
Adolescent Male

30 kgs.

Adolescent Female

30 kgs.

Male Child

16 kgs.

Female Child

16 kgs.
49

PROTECTION TO EYES
SEC- 35
Efective screens or suitable goggles shall be
provided for the protection of persons employed
on, or in the immediate vicinity of the process
provided such process involves.

a.
b.

Risk of injury to the eyes from particles or

fragments thrown of in the course of the process.
Risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive
light.

50

PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DANGEROUS

FUMES, GASES ETC. SEC-36

No person shall be allowed to enter in a chamber, tank, vet, pit, pipe, flue or
other confined space in which any gas, fume, vapor or dust is likely to be
present unless it is provided with manhole of adequate size or other efective
means of egress.
Entry in any confined space is restricted unless-

A certificate, based on a test carried out by a competent person, certifying that t he

space is reasonably free from dangerous gas, fumes etc.

Such Person wearing suitable breathing apparatus and belt securely attached to a
rope the free hand, held by a person outside.

Precautions regarding the use of portable electric light Sec. 36 (A)-

No portable electric light or appliance of voltage exceeding 24 Volts shall be

permitted.

In case of any inflammable gas, fume or dust- Light of flame proof construction shall
be permitted.
CONFINED SPACE MEANS
Any space by reason of its construction as well as in relation to nature of the
work carried there in and where hazard to the person entering into or
working inside exist or are likely to develop during working.

51

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES

PRESCRIBED UNDER SUB SECTION
(1) OF SECTION 36
Minimum

Dimensions of Manholes

Manhole may be rectangular, circular or oval in

shape.

Rectangular or Oval - Not less than 40 cms

(Long), 30 cms (Wide).

Circular Shape - Not less than 40 cms in

Diameter.
52

EXPLOSIVE OR INFLAMMABLE
DUST, GAS, FUMES OR VAPOR
ETC.
SECAll
37
practicable measures shall be

taken to prevent any such explosion

by-

a)

Efective enclosure

b)

Removal and prevention

c)

Exclusion or efective enclosure of all

possible sources of ignition.

53

PRECAUTIONS IN CASE OF
FIRE
SEC38factory, all practicable measures shall be

Every
taken to prevent outbreak of fire and its
spread, both internally or externally and to
provide and maintaina.
Safe means of escape
b.
The necessary equipment and facilities

Note- it shall be ensured that in every factory all

the workers are familiar with the means of
escape in case of fire.
54

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES

PRESCRIBED UNDER SUB SECTION (1) OF SECTION
38

1. FIRE-

Processes, equipment, Plant etc involving serious explosion and serious fire
hazards

Located in segregated building.

Located in work places, Separated from one another by fire resistant
walls.
Can be easily isolated.
Provided with flame arresting or automatic fire extinguishing
appliances.

Passage ways should be 90 cm wide at least.

2. ACCESS FOR FIRE FIGHTING

Unobstructed access for fire fighting should be maintained.

55

3. PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTING

Protection from lighting shall be provided forbuilding (where explosive or inflammable
substances are kept)

Storage tank

Gram elevators

Tall chimney

Stacks

56

4. EXPLOSIVES
(HANDLED AS PER THE PROVISIONS IN
THE
INDIAN EXPLOSIVE ACT,
1984)
5.
SPONTANEOUS
IGNITION
Where materials are likely to induce spontaneous
ignitionAvoid formation of air pocket
&
ensure adequate ventilation
57

6. PRECAUTION AGAINST
IGNITION
Wherever there is danger of fire or explosion
from the accumulation of substances All

electrical apparatus shall be excluded

Prevention of static charge
Workers shall wear shoes without iron or steel
nail.
Prohibition of smoking, lighting, match box,
lighters.
Transmission belts with iron fastners
prohibited.
58

7. STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE
LIQUIDS
Flammable Liquid (FL) shall be stored in
minimum required for the process.
suitable containers.
close fitted container.
Limited quantity.
Fire resisted well ventilated room
Isolated
Large amount preferably in underground.
Precaution for leakage .

59

8. CYLINDER CONTAINING
COMPRESSED GAS.
May be stored in open if protected against Excessive

variations of temperature.
Direct rays of sun.
Continuous dampness.
Never be stored near highly inflammable,
furnace of hot process.
Note : Detailed guidelines on use of Compressed Gas Cylinder is
as per Gas Cylinders Rules 2004, which should be referred for
detailed information for licensing, storage, use and disposal
precautions.

60

9. ACCUMULATION OF
FLAMMABLE DUST, GAS, FUME
OR VAPOR IN AIR OR WASTE
MATERIAL ON FLOOR

Removal or prevention is necessary.

Removal once in a day or shift.

Shall be placed in suitable metal container.

61

10. FIRE EXITS

Definitions

Horizontal Exit : alternative egress from a floor area to another floor at or

near the same level in an adjoining building.
Travel distance : distance an occupant has to travel to reach an exits .

Requirements
Doorway, corridor, passageway, horizontal exit may be considered
as fire exit.
Lifts, escalators, revolving doors cant be.
Sufficient exits without obstruction.
Clearly visible & suitable illuminated.
Exit shall be marked.
Fire resistant door or roller shutter shall be provided.
Traveled distance shall not exceed 30 cms.
Where highly hazardous materials are stored, traveled distance
62
shall not exceed 22.5 m and 2 way of escape shall be there.
22.5 cm width shall not be counted exit width.

Exists are determined on bases of actual number of occupants or 10 sq meter

per person, whichever is more.

Exit doorway - not less than 100 cm (width), not less than 200 cm (height).

Height of the corridors and passageways not less than 240 cm.

Internal stairs constructed of non-combustible material, width of 100cm.

Lift shaft enclosed by a material having a fire resistant.

No permission for hollow combustible construction.

Riser 19 cm., no. of risers limited to 12 per flight.

Handrails minimum height of 100 cm.

Spiral stairs case not less than 300 cm in diameter and have adequate head
room.

Ramps not more than 1 in 8 slopes shall be provided.

Stair case may be replaced with ramps with a slope not more than 1 in 10.

Automatic or manual fire alarm system.

63

CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE
Class

Description

Examples

Extinguishing
Media
Water

Combustible material

Wood, coal, textile,

paper, rubbish material

Inflammable liquids

Oil, petroleum products,

solvents, grease, paint

Co2 or DCP, Foam

type

Gaseous substance

LPG, Hydrogen
Acetylene, Ammonia etc

Co2 or DCP

Reactive chemicals,
active metals

TEC

Special dry pwder

chloride based
sand buckets
Co2 or Dry
powder type

E* Electrical equipments
or delicate machinery

Switches, Motors, due to

short circuits, overloads

*Note: Under the current NFPA (National Fire Protection

Agency) and other specifications the Class E is abolished
64
and extinguishing agents similar to Class C

o
o
o

FIRE FIGHTING
ARRANGEMENTS
One
fire extinguisher shall be at 50 per square meters of floor area.

Travel distance to extinguisher not more than 15 meter.

Water bucket filled with cleaned water.
Sand bucket filled with clean, dry and fine sand.
All extinguisher shall be charged appropriately.
Fire fighting equipment and fire bucket shall be placed 750 mm
above the floor level.
Adequate provisions of water supply.
These equipments shall be in charge of a trained responsible person.
Fire fighting drills - once in every 3 month
Automatic sprinklers and fire hydrants.
The following details shall be painted with white paint
Serial No.
Date of Last Refilling
Date of last inspection

65

Power to require specification of defective parts or

test of liability

(It contemplates a possibility of danger ) Sec- 39

Safety of building and machinery

(It contemplates a danger which is imminent or existing. ) Sec
40
Maintenance of buildings Sec 40 - A

66

SAFETY OFFICER SEC 40 -B

Where 1000 or more workers are employed; or

Where any manufacturing process is carried out, involving risk of
bodily injury, poisoning or disease or any other hazard to health.

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES

QUALIFICATION OF SAFETY OFFICER 43.5

A person shall not be eligible for appointed as a Safety

Officer unless he possess-

a.) Degree in Engineering+2 years experience in a supervisory capacity.

Or
Diploma in Engineering + 5 years experience in a supervisory capacity.

And

b.) Pass a degree or diploma in Industrial Safety recognized by the

Central / State Government.
c.) Adequate knowledge of the language spoken by majority of the workers.
67

DUTIES OF SAFETY OFFICER

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES

To prevent unsafe physical conditions and actions.

To advise for reporting and investigation of accidents and diseases.
To investigate selected accidents and diseases.
To advise on the maintenance of records.
To promote setting up of safety committee and act as a adviser and catalyst.
To organize campaigns, competitions and contests to develop interest.
To design and conduct suitable training for the prevention of personal injuries.
assist and advise to Factory Management to maintain a safe working
environment.

To advise the concerned department in planning and organizing measures.

To advise on safety aspects in all job studies.

To carry out detailed job safety studies.

To check and evaluate the efectiveness of measures taken to prevent personal

injuries.

To ensure high quality and availability of PPEs.

To advise on carrying out plant safety inspections.

68

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES

PRESCRIBED UNDER SUB SECTION (7) OF SECTION
38

65C. SAFETY BELTS

If fall distance is more than 10feets shall be provided with a safety belt. Safety
belt so provided shall be tested and examined by competent person at
least once in Six Months and certificate with regard to its suitablitiy
shall be obtained from the said competent person and entered in a
register.

65D. BUILDING AND STRUCTURE

No building and structure (etc.) whether permanent or temporary character ,

shall be constructed, situated or maintained in any factory in such a
manner as to cause risk of bodily injury.

65E. MACHINERY AND PLANT

No machinery, plant or equipment shall be constructed, situated, operated, or

maintained in any factory in such a manner as to cause risk of bodily
69
injury.

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES

PRESCRIBED UNDER SUB SECTION (7) OF SECTION
38

65F. METHODS OF WORK

No process or work shall be carried in such a manner as to cause risk of

bodily injury.

65G. STOCKING AND STORING OF

MATERIALS ETC.

No material or equipment shall be stocked or stored in such a manner as to

cause risk of bodily injury.

65H. EXAMINATION OF EYE SIGHT OF

CERTAIN WORKERS.

No person shall be employed to operate a crane, locomotive or fork-lift truck

or to give signals to a crane or locomotive operator unless his eye sight
and colour vision have been examined and declared fit by a qualified
70
opthalmologist.

SECTION 41: talks about powers to make rules to supplement

this chapter.

SECTION 41A:- Constitution of site appraisal committees.

SECTION 41B:-Compulsory disclosures of information by the

occupier to Chief Inspector local authority and general public in

vicinity and shall lay down a detailed policy with respect to the
health and safety of the workers and intimate such policy to
Chief Inspector and local authority and after specified intervals
may inform change in the policy. He shall draw up an onsite
emergency plan and detailed disaster control measures approved
by Chief Inspector and shall make it known it to the workers and
general public living in the vicinity if the factory. Chief Inspector
is to be informed about nature of the process within 30 days
before commencement of Hazardous process. (7)The occupier of
the factory involving hazardous process shall with previous
approval of Chief Inspector lay down measures for handling
unsafe, transportation and storage of hazardous substance inside
factory premises and disposal of such substance outside factory71
premises and publicize them among workers and general public.

SECTION 41 C:- talks about specific responsibility of the

SECTION 41D:- Power of Central Government to appoint

Inquiry Committee
- The recommendations of the committee shall be advisory in
nature.

SECTION 41E:-Emergency standards if Central Government

Organising & Motivating for Safety

occupier
in
relation
to
hazardous
processes.
A) to maintain accurate and up-to-date health records.
B) to appoint persons who possesses qualifications and
experience in handling hazardous substance and are
competent to supervise.
C) to arrange pre-placement medical examination and while
continuing such jobs and after he has ceased to work in such jobs
in an interval not exceeding 12 months.

finds that no safety standards have been prescribed in respect of

hazardous process or inadequate it may direct the Director
General of Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes or nay
Institute specialized in matters relating to standards of safety in
72
hazardous processes to lay down emergency standards for
enforcement in respect of such hazardous processes.

SECTION 41F:-Permissible limits of exposure of chemical and

toxic substances as per second schedule. The Central

Government may by notification make suitable changes in the
second schedule.
Some examples.
PEL(8hr expos. ppm) STEL (15min exposure ppm)
SO2
2
5
Chlorine
1
3
Zinc Oxide
5mg/m3
10mg/m3 (fume)
Zinc Oxide
10mg/m3 (Total dust)
-----

SECTION 41H:- Right of workers to warn about imminent

danger.
- Occupier of take immediate remedial action and to report to
Inspector.
- If not agreed by occupier of imminent danger the matter
shall be referred to Inspector and his decision shall be final.73

SECTION 41G:- Workers participation in safety managementThe occupier shall form a safety committee with equal no. of
workers representative & management representatives where a
hazardous process takes place or where hazardous substances are
used or handled t promote cooperation between the workers and
the management in maintaining proper safety and health at work
and to review periodically the measures taken in that behalf.

SECTION 42:- Washing facilities.

SECTION 43:-Facilities for storing and drying of wet clothing.

SECTION 44:-Facilities for sitting.
SECTION 45:- First Aid appliances-F.A box shall not be less
than one for every 150 workers

SECTION 46:-Canteen for more than 250 workers.

SECTION 47:- shelters, rest rooms and lunchrooms for more
than 150 workers.

74

SECTION 48:- Crches-Crche shall be available if more than

30 women workers are employed.

SECTION 49:- Welfare officers for 500 or more workers.

SECTION 50:- Power to make rules to supplement this
chapter.

SECTION 51:- Weekly working of adult-not more than 48

hours.

SECTION 52:-Weekly holidays no substitution of holidays,

which will result more than 10 days consecutively without
holiday.

SECTION 53:-Compensatory holiday.

SECTION 54:- Daily work of maximum 9 hrs.

75

SECTION 56:- The period of work shall not spread over more
than ten and half hrs. in a day.

SECTION 59:- Extra wages for overtime.

SECTION 60:- Restriction on double employment.
SECTION 66:- Further restriction on employment of women
except between the hours of 6 am and 7 pm.

SECTION 67:- Prohibition of employment of young children who

has not completed 14 yrs.

SECTION 69:- Certificate of fitness.

76

SECTION 87A:- Power to prohibit employment by Inspector on

account

of

serious

hazard.

SECTION 88:-Notice of certain accidents or death or injury,

which results in a loss of work for a period of 48 hrs or more.

SECTION 88A:-Notice of certain dangerous occurrences.

SECTION 89:-Notice of certain diseases: - Where any worker
in a factory contracts any disease specified in third schedule, the
manager of the factory shall send notice to prescribed authrities.
Some of the disease relevant are Lead poisoning, Silicosis,
Occupational or contract dermatitis caused by direct contact with
chemicals and paints. (primary irritants and allergic sensitizers),
Manganese poisoning or its sequelae, Noise induced hearing loss.
Occupational cancer.
SECTION 92:- General penalty for ofences 2 years
imprisonment or fine of 1 lakh rupees or both and if ofence
continued, Rs. 1,000 for each day. For serious bodily injury77in
hazardous operations the fine shall not be less than Rs.25,000.

SECTION 93:- Liability of owner of premises in certain

circumstances.

SECTION 94:- Enhanced penalty after previous conviction

3 years or with fine not less than Rs. 10,000 but may extend
to Rs. 2 lakhs or both.
SECTION 95:- Penalty for obstructing Inspector- willful
obstruction in exercise of any power or fails to produce or
demand any registers or other documents or conceals or
prevents any workers in a factory from appearing before or
being examined by an Inspector shall be punishable with
imprisonment for a term which may extend to 6 months or
with fine which may extend to 10,000 Rs. or with both.
SECTION 96:- Penalty for wrongfully disclosing results of
analysis under Section 91- Imprisonment for 6 months or with
fine
maximum
of
Rs.
10,000
or
both.
SECTION 96A:-Penalty for contravention, of the provisions
of sections 41B,41C &41His seven years imprisonment and
with fine of maximum 2 lakh rupees In case of continuation,
fine of max. Rs. 5,000 for every day. If failure or contravention 78
continues beyond 1 year the ofender shall be punishable with
imprisonment for a term, which may extend up to ten years.

SECTION 97: Ofences by workers fine Rs. 500 maximum.

SECTION 98:- Penalty for using false certificate of fitness-2
months

imprisonment

or

fine

or

Rs.

1000

or

both.

SECTION 99:- Penalty of permitting double employment of

child.

SECTION 111:- Obligations of workers- No worker shall

willfully interfere with or misuse any appliance, convenience or

other thing provided, or willfully neglect to make use of any
appliance or other thing provided. If contravenes imprisonment
max. 3 months and or Rs. 100/- fine or both.
SECTION 111A:-Right of workers to have information on
workers health and safety from occupier
-To get trained (internal/external)
-to represent to the Inspector directly or through his
representative in the matter of inadequate provision for
79
protection of his health or safety in the factory.
SECTION 112:-General power to make rules.

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES

(SPECIAL PROVISIONS)
RULE-100 PRESCRIBED UNDER
SECTION 87
SCHEDULE X CHEMICAL
WORKS

80

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES (SPECIAL PROVISIONS)

RULE-100 PRESCRIBED UNDER SECTION 87
SCHEDULE X CHEMICAL WORKS

DEFINITIONS:
EMERGENCY

A situation or condition leading to a circumstances or set of

circumstances in which there is danger to life or health of person
or which could result in a big fire or explosion or pollution to the
work and outside the environment, afecting the workers and
neighborhood in a serious manner, A situation or condition
leading to a circumstances or set of circumstances in which there
is danger to life or health of person or which could result in a big
fire or explosion or pollution to the work and outside the
environment, afecting the workers and neighborhood in a serious
manner,
APPROPRIATE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Means that when the protective equipment is used by the worker,
he shall have no risk to his life or health or body.

81

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES (SPECIAL PROVISIONS)

RULE-100 PRESCRIBED
UNDER SECTION
87
GENERAL
REQUIREMENT
PART

SCHEDULE X CHEMICAL WORKS

II
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Good House keeping spillage cleanup, floors /platforms

free of obstruction, easy means of access to plant and equip.
No improper use of chemicals / containers by workers
Provision on the use of food in the plant
Cautionary notices and instruction to be displayed in local
language
Safeguards before any new work, process (pre-startup
checks)
Authorized person should be permitted at any dangerous
operation and process.
Examination of instrument and safety devices once in a
month
Electrical installation of an appropriate type to ensure
safety.
Handling and storage of chemicals safely
Facility for isolation for plant and equipment
Personal protective equipments to all workers
Alarm System Audible and visible indicator before
exceeding the parameter checked daily and tested every
month.

82

13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

21.
22.
23.
24.

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES (SPECIAL PROVISIONS)

RULE-100 PRESCRIBED UNDER SECTION
87
CONT
SCHEDULE X CHEMICAL WORKS

Control of escape of substance in to the work atmosphere

efective
.
arrangements to be made.
Control on dangerous chemical reaction-arrangements for flooding/blanketing.
Testing , examination and repair of plant and equipments every two years
which are likely to give rise to emergency situations.
Proper staging/platform for maintenance /repair work.
Sitting arrangement in safe manner for operating people
Entry into or work in a confined space through permit to work system, tests of
atmosphere, washing/cleaning/neutralizing, educate and train worker
Maintenance work in such a manner as no risk to person in vicinity or passing
by.
Permit to work system under supervision of knowledgeable and responsible
person/Isolation/ Procedure/Physical fitness/adequate rescue arrangements /
remove all equipment and restore after completion.
Safety sampling personnel
Adequate ventilation at all times in process areas
Procedure of mitigate emergency-all emergency to be identified/plan
Danger due to effluents
83

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES (SPECIAL PROVISIONS)

RULE-100 PRESCRIBED UNDER SECTION 87
SCHEDULE X CHEMICAL WORKS
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.

PART- III FIRE AND EXPLOSION RISK

Source of ignition including lighting installation-no naked light of combustion source near fire
and explosion hazard. Exhausts protected/classification as per IS / Non sparking tools /smoking
prohibited
Earthing for static electricity for all flammable liquid recepticles/machinery/ pipelines/belt drive
where likely of static accumulation.
Lightning protection where necessary and maintained.
Process heating likely to result in fire shall be as safe as possible/ prevent escape of flammable
gas / vapour etc.. Wherever possible to be automatically controlled.
Leakage of flammable liquids provision of bound walls/ dykes / sumps, disposed of suitably,
adequate fire fighting appliances to be installed in vicinity of such vessels.
Safety Valves for every closed vessel in which gas is present and pressure is liable to rise above
atmospheric pressure to provided with pressure gauge & safety valve to be maintained in good
condition.
Installation of pipe lime for flammable martial to be protected from mechanical damage. To be
examined once in a week and registers of defect to be kept.
Fire fighting system For every factory employing more than 500 workers. Trained fire fighting
squad from recognized government institution and other facilities.

84

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES (SPECIAL PROVISIONS)

RULE-100 PRESCRIBED UNDER SECTION 87
SCHEDULE X CHEMICAL WORKS

PART- IV RISK OF TOXIC

Leakages All plants-to be designed to prevent escape of toxic
SUBSTANCE
1.

substance. Catch pits/bound walls/ dykes to be provided.

2.

Drainage Adequate drainage shall be provided and system to

neutralize deleterious material before discharge.

3.

Covering of vessels every fixed vessels or structures containing

any toxic substance and not covered shall be constructed to avoid
physical contact. Such vessels unless edge in 90cm above
adjoining ground to be provided with fencing of 90cm height.

4.

Continuous & sufficient exhaust arrangement for process

evolving toxic vapour/gas/fumes. Interlocking with process in case
of failure.
Work benches cleaning daily after completion of work.

5.
6.

85

Waste disposal in suitable receptacle made of non abosorbable

material/ suitable arrangement for disposing.

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES (SPECIAL PROVISIONS)

RULE-100 PRESCRIBED UNDER SECTION 87
SCHEDULE X CHEMICAL WORKS

PART- VI
MEDICAL REQUIREMENT
1.

Decontamination facilities Fully equipped first aid

boxes, safety showers adequate more than 401 persons
7+1 for every 200 persons thereafter./eye wash bottles

2.

Occupational health center- One doctor for up to 500

workers and one more for 1000 or part there of. With
occupational health center fully equipped.

3.

Ambulance vane Fully equipped ambulance van to be

provided. No relaxation if more than 500 workers

4.

Medical examination Once before employment and

every six months.
86

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES (SPECIAL PROVISIONS)

RULE-100 PRESCRIBED UNDER SECTION 87
SCHEDULE X CHEMICAL WORKS

PART- VII
ADDITIONAL WELFARE
AMENITIES

Washing facility

Mess room facility if 50 workers or more

Clock room facility Two lockers for every
employees
Bathing facilities One for 25 workers

87

SCHEDULE X CHEMICAL WORKS

PART- VIII DUTIES OF WORKERS

Not make any safety devices in operative and report defective

Report for any defect or well functioning
All workers shall cooperate with management while carrying
out any work or any emergency duty assigned under

Schedule

No smoking in process area or storage area

No unauthorized work / shortcut / misuse

Not refuse for PME

Other Duties and responsibilities of workers under the

FACTORIES ACT

- Selection or election of representatives in the safety committee.

- To inform the occupier the presence of imminent
danger at
work in hazardous processes.
- To attend training courses whenever sponsored by the
Management and get trained.
- To get information relating to the safety and health at
work
from the occupier.
88
- To represent to the Inspector of factories problems
relating to
safety, environment & health if any.

RAJASTHAN FACTORIES RULES (SPECIAL PROVISIONS)

RULE-100 PRESCRIBED UNDER SECTION 87
SCHEDULE X CHEMICAL WORKS

PART- IX

Restriction on employment of under 18 years of

age and women.
Our smelters comes under appendix A, i.e.
manufacturing of Zinc, Sulphuric acid, Cadmium,

89