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NCLEX Review: Pharmacology Charlene Natale, BSN, RN

This document provides an overview of pharmacology topics for NCLEX review, including: 1. The three phases of drug action: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic. 2. Information on adrenergic receptor sites, agonists and antagonists. Beta receptor sites and drugs are also discussed. 3. Other topics covered include autonomic nervous system agents, CNS depressants, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, antihyperlipidemics, antibiotics, cardiac drugs, corticosteroids, anti-ulcer drugs, and drugs for gout and osteoporosis.

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Menly Susada
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420 views43 pages

NCLEX Review: Pharmacology Charlene Natale, BSN, RN

This document provides an overview of pharmacology topics for NCLEX review, including: 1. The three phases of drug action: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic. 2. Information on adrenergic receptor sites, agonists and antagonists. Beta receptor sites and drugs are also discussed. 3. Other topics covered include autonomic nervous system agents, CNS depressants, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, antihyperlipidemics, antibiotics, cardiac drugs, corticosteroids, anti-ulcer drugs, and drugs for gout and osteoporosis.

Uploaded by

Menly Susada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NCLEX Review

Pharmacology

Charlene Natale, BSN, RN


Drug Action

Three phases
Pharmaceutic Phase
Pharmacokinetic Phase
Pharmacodynamic Phase
Please Don’t Rush The Drugs in the Dark

Right… Right…
• Patient • Documentation
• Drug • Administration rate
• Route • to Refuse
• Time • to Know
• Dose
Adrendergic Receptor Sites
 Alpha 1 - receptors  Alpha 2 - receptors
 Blood vessels  Blood vessels
 Vasoconstriction  vasodilates
 Increased blood pressure  Decreased blood
 Increased contractility pressure
 Eye  Smooth muscle/GI
 Mydriasis (pupil dilation) tract
 Bladder  Decreased tone
 Contraction  Decreased motility
 Prostate
 Contraction
Alpha 1 adrenergic agonists
 Midodrine (ProAmatine)
 Phenylephrine HCL (12 hr nasal spray)
 Oxymetazoline HCL (Neo-Synephrine)

Alpha 1 and Beta 1 adrenergic agonist


Pseudoephedrine HCL (Sudafed)
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist
 Clonidine (Catapres)
 Methyldopa (Aldomet)
 Guanfacine HCL (Tenex, Intuiv)
 Guanaben 2 acetate (Wytensin)
Alpha 1 and mixed Adrenergic Blockers
 Alpha 1 blockers
 Phentolamine mesylate (Regitine)
 Doxazosin mesylate (Cardura)
 Prazosin HCL (Minipress)
 Terazosin HCL (Hytrin)
 Alpha 1, Beta 1, Beta 2 blockers
 Carvedilol (Coreg)
 Labetalol (Normodyne Trandate)
Beta Receptor sites
 Beta 1 – receptors  Beta 2 - receptors
 Heart  Smooth muscle/GI tract
 Increased heart rate  Decreased tone
 Increased contractility  Decreased motility
 Kidney  Lungs
 Bronchodilation
 Increased renin
secretion  Uterus
 Increased angiotensin  Relaxes uterine smooth muscle
 Increased blood  Liver
pressure  Activation of glycogenolysis
 Increased blood sugar
Beta 1 Adrenergic Agonists
 Dobutamine HCL (Bobutrex)
 Isoetharine HCL ( Bronkosol)

Beta 1 and Beta 2 (nonselective)


Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
Beta 2 adrenergic agonist
 Albuterol Sulfate (Proventil, Ventolin)
 Isoetharine HCL ( Bronkosol)
 Terbutaline (Brethine)
 Metaproterenol sulfate (Alupent)

Beta 1 and Beta 2 (nonselective)


Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
Adrenergic Blockers
 Beta 1 blockers
 Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor)
 Atenolol (Tenormin)
 Acebutolol HCL (Sectral)
 Bataxolol (betoptic)
 Bisoprolol fumarate (Zebeta)
 Esmolol HCL (Brevibloc)
Adrenergic Blockers
 Beta 1, Beta 2 Blockers
 Carteolol HCL ( Cartrol)
 Penbutolol (Levatol)
 Propranolol HCL (Inderal)
 Nadolol (Corgard)
 Pindolol (Visken)
 Sotalol (Betapace)
 Timolol maleate (Blocadren)
Autonomic Nervous system Agents

 Adrenergic Agonists  Cholinergic Agonists


 Sympathetic stimulant  Parasympathetic stimulant
 Increase blood pressure  Decrease blood pressure
 Increase pulse rate  Decrease pulse rate
 Relax bronchioles  Constrict bronchioles
 Dilate pupils  Constrict pupils
 Relax uterine muscles  Increase uterine contraction
 Increase blood sugar  Increase peristalsis
Cholinergic Miotics
 Carbachol (Isopto Carbachol)
 Pilocarpine HCL (Isopto Carpine)
 Pilocarpine nitrate (Ocusert pilo -20, Pilo-40)
 Echothiophate iodide (Phospholine Iodide)
Antihyperlipidemics
 Statins (HMG-COA Reductase Inhibitors)
 Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
 simvastatin (Zocor)
 Fluvastatin sodium (Lescol)
 Lovastatin (Mevacor)
 Pravastatin sodium (Pravachol)
 Rosuvastatin calcium (Crestor)
 Pitavastatin (Livalol)
CNS Depressants
 Common side effects
 Hangover
 REM rebound
 Dependence
 Tolerance
 Excessive depression
 Respiratory depression
 Hypersensitivity
CNS Depressants

 Sedatives – hypnotics
 Barbituates
 Benzodiazepines
 Anesthetics
Barbituates
 Long Acting
 Mephobarbital (Mebaral) class IV
 Intermediate acting
 Butabarbital sodium (Butisol sodium) Class III;
 Short acting
 Pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal Sodium) Class II;
 Secobarbital sodium (Seconal Sodium) Class II
Containdicated in severe hepatic disease or resp.
depression. Careful use with elderly
Benzodiazepines
 Generic names end in …pam, or …lam
 Flurazepam (Dalmane)
 Alprazolam (Xanax)
 Temezepam (Restoril)
 Triazolam (Halcion)
 Estazolam (ProSom)
 Quazepam (Doral)

 Note flumazenil (Romazicon) is a Benzo antagonist and


used to manage benzo overdose and reverse sedative
effects with general anesthetics
Ace Inhibitors
 Generic names end in …pril
 Enalapril (Vasotec)
 Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
 Quinapril (Accupril)
 Benazepril (Lotensin)
 Captopril (Capoten)
 Fosinopril (Monopril)
 Moexipril (Univasc)
 Perindopril (Aceon)
 Ramipril (Altace)
 Trandolapril (Mavik)
Calcium Channel Blockers
 Generic names end in … pine
 Nifedipine (Procardia)
 Nisoldipine (Sular)
 Amlodipine (Norvasc)
 Diltiazem (Cardizem, Tiazac)
 Verapamil HCL (Calan, Isoptin)
Metered dose Inhaler - MDI
Macrolides
 Azithromycin (Zithromax)
 Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
 Erythromycin base (E-Mycin
 Ethylsuccinate (E.E.S., Pediamycin)
 Erythromycin stearate (erythrocin stearate)
 Erythromycin IV (erythrocin lactobionate)
 Fidaxomicin (Dificid)
Glycopeptides
 Vancomycin HCL (Vancocin)
 Telavancin (Vibativ)
Sulfa
 S unlinght sensitivity
 U ndesirable effects – rash renal
toxicity
 L ook for urine output, fever,
sore throat and bleeding
 F luids galore
 A norexia, anemia
Fluoroquinolones - Quinolones
 Generic names end with.. Oxacin
 Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
 Lomefloxacin (Maxaquin)
 Nalidixic acid (Neg-Gram)
 Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
 Ofloxacin (Floxin)
GERD
 Non pharmacologic measures
 Avoid Tobacco use
 Avoid alcohol
 Obesity
 Avoid hot spicy or greasy foods
 Raise the head of the bed
 Do not eat before bed
 Wear loose fitting clothing
Anti Ulcer agents – Histamine blockers
 Generic names end in …dine
 Cimetidine (Tagamet)
 Famotidine (Pepcid)
 Nizatidine (Axid)
 Rantidine (Zantac)
Anti Ulcer Drugs – Proton Pump Inhibitors
 Omeprazole (Prilosec)
 Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
 Esomeprazole (Nexium)
 Pantoprazole (Protonix)
 Rabeprazole (Aciphex)
Uric Acid Biosynthesis Inhibitors
 Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
 Febuxostat (Uloric)
Bisphosphonates
 Alendronate (Fosamax)
 Ibandronate sodium (Boniva)
 Risedronate (Actonel)
 Reclast
Cardiac Emergency drugs
 Oxygen
 Nitroglycerin
 Morphine sulfate
 Atropine Sulfate
 Isoproternol
 Epinephrine
 lidocaine
Cardiac Emergency drugs
 Adenosine
 Verapamil
 Diltiazem
 Amiodarone
 Magnesium Sulfate
 Procainamide HCL
 Sodium Bicarb
 Vasopressin
Corticosteroids
 Generic name ends in …sone
 Beclamethasone
 Prednisone
 Prednisolone
 dexamethasone
lactulose
NCLEX Play and learn
 Either download the Kahoot app from your app store
(the correct App looks like a purple K!)
 or plan to play online at https://kahoot.it/

 Downloading the App on your phone will allow you


to go back and review the NCLEX questions we will
cover today.

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