THEODOLITE

TRAVERSING
Assoc. Prof. Sr Hj Muhamad Hj Jaafar
Department of Surveying Science and Geomatics
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Outline

 Introduction
 The Purpose of Traverse
 The Selection of Station
 The Measurement Required
 Linear Measurement
 Angle/Bearing Measurement
Outline

 Interior Angle Method

 Interior Angle Method- Fieldwork Procedure
 Exterior Angle Method
 Exterior Angle Method- Fieldwork Procedure
 Bearing Method
 Bearing Method – Fieldwork Procedure.
 Measurement Distance of Traverse Line
INTRODUCTION

 A traverse consists of a series of consecutive

line related by horizontal angle (bearing) and
lengths (distance).
 Two types of traverse:
 Closed Traverse
 Open Traverse
THE PURPOSE OF TRAVERSE
 Propety surveys to locate or establish
boundaries
 Supplementary horizontal control for
topographic mapping.
 Location and construction layout surveys for
highways, railways and others private and
public work
 Ground control surveys for photogrammetric
mapping.
THE SELECTION OF STATION
 The number of station should be kept to the
minimum
 The line of sight should be as long as possible
 The ground around stations must be stable
 The stations should be positioned so that the
surrounding features and details can be easily be
measured or set out by direct taping
 The stations should be clearly intervisible
 Stations should be selected where the theodolite
is not liable to be damaged or disturbed
 Route should be as direct as possible without
reducing efficiency of positioning control
THE MEASUREMENT REQUIRED

 Linear Measurement
 Angle/Bearing Measurement
Linear Measurement

 Chains
 Tape
 Electromagnetic Distance Measurement
Angle / Bearing Measurement

 Included angle method

 Exterior angle method
 Bearing method
Interior angle method
 The interior angles of a traverse are measured by
applying the method of repetition.
 The traverse is run either clockwise or counter clock
wise
 To reduce mistake in reading, recording and
computing, they should always be turned clockwise
from the back sight station to the fore sight station
Interior Angle Method
Interior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 3 10 00 00
2
(Read) 1
3
2

5
Interior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 3 10 00 00
2
(Read) 1 122 45 50
3
2

5
Interior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2
(Read) 1 122 45 50
3
2

5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2
(Read) 1 122 45 50 302 46 00
3
2

5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2
1 122 45 50 302 46 00
3
(Set) 4 10 00 00
2
3
(Read) 2

5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2
1 122 45 50 302 46 00
3
(Set) 4 10 00 00
2
3
(Read) 2 99 34 30

5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2
1 122 45 50 302 46 00
3
(Set) 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
2
3
(Read) 2 99 34 30

5
Interior Angle Method- Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2
1 122 45 50 302 46 00
3
(Set) 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
2
3
(Read) 2 99 34 30 279 34 40

5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 1 122 45 50 302 46 00

2 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
2 99 34 30 279 34 40

1 (Set) 5 10 00 00
4
(Read) 3

5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 1 122 45 50 302 46 00

2 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
2 99 34 30 279 34 40

1 (Set) 5 10 00 00
4
(Read) 3 116 18 00

5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 1 122 45 50 302 46 00

2 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
2 99 34 30 279 34 40

1 (Set) 5 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
(Read) 3 116 18 00

5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 1 122 45 50 302 46 00

2 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
2 99 34 30 279 34 40

1 (Set) 5 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
(Read) 3 116 18 00 296 18 10

5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 1 122 45 50 302 46 00

2 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
2 99 34 30 279 34 40

1 5 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
3 116 18 00 296 18 10
(Set) 1 10 00 00
5
4
(Read) 4

5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 1 122 45 50 302 46 00

2 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
2 99 34 30 279 34 40

1 5 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
3 116 18 00 296 18 10
(Set) 1 10 00 00
5
4
(Read) 4 120 09 30

5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 1 122 45 50 302 46 00

2 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
2 99 34 30 279 34 40

1 5 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
3 116 18 00 296 18 10
(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
5
4
(Read) 4 120 09 30

5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 1 122 45 50 302 46 00

2 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
2 99 34 30 279 34 40

1 5 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
3 116 18 00 296 18 10
(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
5
4
(Read) 4 120 09 30 300 09 40

5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 1 122 45 50 302 46 00

2 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
2 99 34 30 279 34 40

1 5 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
3 116 18 00 296 18 10
1 10 00 00 190 00 00
5
4
4 120 09 30 300 09 40
(Set) 2 10 00 00
1
(Read) 5
5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 1 122 45 50 302 46 00

2 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
2 99 34 30 279 34 40

1 5 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
3 116 18 00 296 18 10
1 10 00 00 190 00 00
5
4
4 120 09 30 300 09 40
(Set) 2 10 00 00
1
(Read) 5 131 01 50
5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 1 122 45 50 302 46 00

2 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
2 99 34 30 279 34 40

1 5 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
3 116 18 00 296 18 10
1 10 00 00 190 00 00
5
4
4 120 09 30 300 09 40
(Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
1
(Read) 5 131 01 50
5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 1 122 45 50 302 46 00

2 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
2 99 34 30 279 34 40

1 5 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
3 116 18 00 296 18 10
1 10 00 00 190 00 00
5
4
4 120 09 30 300 09 40
(Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
1
(Read) 5 131 01 50 311 01 40
5
Interior Angle Method -Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

3 10 00 00 190 00 00
2
1 122 45 50 302 46 00
4 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
2 99 34 30 279 34 40
5 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
3 116 18 00 296 18 10
1 10 00 00 190 00 00
5
4 120 09 30 300 09 40
2 10 00 00 190 00 00

1
5 131 01 50 311 01 40
Exterior Angle Method
 The exterior angles of a traverse are
measured by applying the method of
repetition.
 The traverse is run either clockwise or
counter clock wise.
 To reduce mistake in reading, recording and
computing, they should always be turned
clockwise from the back sight station to the
fore sight station.
Exterior Angle Method
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00
3
(Read) 4

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20 100 25 00

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20 100 25 00

1 (Set) 3 10 00 00
4
(Read) 5

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20 100 25 00

1 (Set) 3 10 00 00
4
(Read) 5 263 42 10

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20 100 25 00

1 (Set) 3 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
(Read) 5 263 42 10

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20 100 25 00

1 (Set) 3 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
(Read) 5 263 42 10 83 42 00

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20 100 25 00

1 (Set) 3 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
(Read) 5 263 42 10 83 42 00
(Set) 4 10 00 00
5
4
(Read) 1

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20 100 25 00

1 (Set) 3 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
(Read) 5 263 42 10 83 42 00
(Set) 4 10 00 00
5
4
(Read) 1 259 50 30

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20 100 25 00

1 (Set) 3 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
(Read) 5 263 42 10 83 42 00
(Set) 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
5
4
(Read) 1 259 50 30

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20 100 25 00

1 (Set) 3 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
(Read) 5 263 42 10 83 42 00
(Set) 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
5
4
(Read) 1 259 50 30 79 50 10

5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20 100 25 00

1 (Set) 3 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
(Read) 5 263 42 10 83 42 00
(Set) 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
5
4
(Read) 1 259 50 30 79 50 10
(Set) 5 10 00 00
1
(Read) 2
5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20 100 25 00

1 (Set) 3 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
(Read) 5 263 42 10 83 42 00
(Set) 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
5
4
(Read) 1 259 50 30 79 50 10
(Set) 5 10 00 00
1
(Read) 2 248 58 00
5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20 100 25 00

1 (Set) 3 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
(Read) 5 263 42 10 83 42 00
(Set) 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
5
4
(Read) 1 259 50 30 79 50 10
(Set) 5 10 00 00 190 00 00
1
(Read) 2 248 58 00
5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2

3 (Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20

2 (Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20 100 25 00

1 (Set) 3 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
(Read) 5 263 42 10 83 42 00
(Set) 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
5
4
(Read) 1 259 50 30 79 50 10
(Set) 5 10 00 00 190 00 00
1
(Read) 2 248 58 00 68 58 20
5
Exterior Angle Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right

(Set) 1 10 00 00 190 00 00
2
(Read) 3 257 14 00 77 14 20
(Set) 2 10 00 00 190 00 00
3
(Read) 4 280 25 20 100 25 00
(Set) 3 10 00 00 190 00 00
4
(Read) 5 263 42 10 83 42 00
(Set) 4 10 00 00 190 00 00
5
(Read) 1 259 50 30 79 50 10
(Set) 5 10 00 00 190 00 00
1
(Read) 2 248 58 00 68 58 20
BEARING METHOD
 The bearing of all the lines are measured directly with help of a
theodolite.
 Simplest calculation is necessary to deduce these value from the
included angle
 The bearings are measured clockwise from the north end of the
meridian through the angle points.
 This method, instrument is oriented at each setup by sighting on
the previous station
 Then the forward station is sighted
 The resulting reading on horizontal circle will be the forward
bearing
BEARING METHOD

 Before start using bearing method, Datum

should be determine first
 Datum can be:
 Prismatic Compass reading
 Assumed Bearing
 Previous measurement (Certified Plan)
BEARING METHOD
N
N
3

2
N

N 4

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Compass
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1
2
3
(Read) 3
2

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25 33 10 35
5
(Read) 1 33 10 40 213 10 30
4 (Set) 5 213 10 35 33 10 35 100 14 50
1
5 (Read) 2 100 14 50 280 15 00
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50
2

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50
2

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2

1 Different between Face Left and Face Right

should be not exceed 10”

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 ????
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2

Bearing 2 -3 (F.L) = 190 39 50

1
Bearing 2 – 3 (F.R) = 10 40 00 + 180
= 190 40 00

Mean = Bearing 2-1 (F.L) + Bearing 2-1 (F.R) / 2

4 = (190 39 50 + 190 40 00)/2

= 190 39 55
5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55
3
(Read) 4
1
(Set) 3
4
(Read) 5
(Set) 4
5
(Read) 1
4 (Set) 5
1
5 (Read) 2
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55
3
(Read) 4
1

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00
1

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00
1

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 ????
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05
4
(Read) 5

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05
4
(Read) 5

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 ?????
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25
5
(Read) 1
4 (Set) 5
1
5 (Read) 2
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25
5
(Read) 1
4 (Set) 5
1
5 (Read) 2
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25
5
(Read) 1 33 10 40
4

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25
5
(Read) 1 33 10 40
4

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25
5
(Read) 1 33 10 40 213 10 30
4

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25 ?????
5
(Read) 1 33 10 40 213 10 30
4

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25 33 10 35
5
(Read) 1 33 10 40 213 10 30
4

5
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25 33 10 35
5
(Read) 1 33 10 40 213 10 30
4 (Set) 5 213 10 35 33 10 35
1
5 (Read) 2
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1 (Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25 33 10 35
5
(Read) 1 33 10 40 213 10 30
4 (Set) 5 213 10 35 33 10 35
1
5 (Read) 2
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1 (Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25 33 10 35
5
(Read) 1 33 10 40 213 10 30
4 (Set) 5 213 10 35 33 10 35
1
5 (Read) 2 100 14 50
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1 (Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25 33 10 35
5
(Read) 1 33 10 40 213 10 30
4 (Set) 5 213 10 35 33 10 35
1
5 (Read) 2 100 14 50
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1 (Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25 33 10 35
5
(Read) 1 33 10 40 213 10 30
4 (Set) 5 213 10 35 33 10 35 ?????
1
5 (Read) 2 100 14 50 280 15 00
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
3
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
2 (Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
1 (Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25 33 10 35
5
(Read) 1 33 10 40 213 10 30
4 (Set) 5 213 10 35 33 10 35 100 14 55
1
5 (Read) 2 100 14 50 280 15 00
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Station Face Left Face right Mean
Datum from PC 2 - 1 280 14 40
(Set) 1 280 14 40 100 14 40 190 39 55
2
(Read) 3 190 39 50 10 40 00
(Set) 2 10 39 55 190 39 55 264 22 05
3
(Read) 4 264 22 00 84 22 10
(Set) 3 84 22 05 264 22 05 334 12 25
4
(Read) 5 334 12 30 154 12 20
(Set) 4 154 12 25 334 12 25 33 10 35
5
(Read) 1 33 10 40 213 10 30
(Set) 5 213 10 35 33 10 35 100 14 55
1
(Read) 2 100 14 50 280 15 00
Bearing Method - Field Work
Procedure
Closing Checking =
Mean Bearing of Last Line - Reference Bearing (Datum)
Mean Bearing of Last Line = 100° 14’ 55”
Datum 2 – 1 = 280° 14’ 40” ± 180°
= 100° 14’ 40”
Closing Error = 100° 14’ 55” - 100° 14’ 40”
= +15” (Acceptable)
Closing Error should be not exceed ± 0° 02’ 30”
MEASUREMENT DISTANCE OF
TRAVERSE LINE
 The lengths of each line traverse must be measured.
 Its can be done by simplest method (Tape, Chain or
Electromagnetic Distance Measurement)

HD = SD Cosine Ө
MEASUREMENT DISTANCE OF
TRAVERSE LINE
QUIZ

 Name the different types of traverse. Sketch

to illustrate your answer.
 What are the purposes of the traversing?