Lecture 5:
«Medical physical culture in patient’s rehabilitation»
The term «REHABILITATION»
from
Latin word
«habilis» - mean «ability»,
«rehabilis» - «recover of ability»
REHABILITATION –
RECOVERY OF HEALTH, FUNCTIONAL
CONDITION, WORK CAPACITY
AND QUALITY OF LIFE
ARE DAMAGED BY DISEASES, INJURIES OR
OTHERS FACTORS.
The purpose: early returning of sick and invalid
person to normal mode of life, to society;
recovery the individual qualities of person.
THE REHABILITATION ASPECTS –
MEDICAL: diagnostic, pathogenetic therapy, secondary prophylactic of
diseases
PHYSICAL: functions infringement recovery (development the
functions of compensation is used by physical factors)
PSYCHOLOGICAL: correction by patient’s psychological condition,
adaptation the person to changes of life situation
PROFESSIONAL: recovery of work capacity, professional training
retraining
SOCIAL-ECONOMY: returning of economy and social independent
PHYSICAL REHABILITATION –
(the part of common medical rehabilitation)
THE COMPLEX OF MEASURES TO
PERSON HEALTH RECOVERY AND
WORK CAPACITY BY PHYSICAL
CULTURE MEANS AND METHODS.
THE COMMON PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL
REHABILITATION
Early beginning of rehabilitation measures (RМ);
Using of complex RМ;
Individual rehabilitative program;
Rehabilitation by steps;
Unremmition and succession on all steps of
rehabilitation;
Social direction of RМ;
Control of rehabilitation effect.
THE PHYSICAL REHABILITATION
MEANS:
ACTIVE: - MEDICAL PHYSICAL CULTURE,
CULTURE
- THERAPY BY LABOUR,
- MECHANOTERAPY and oth.
PASSIVE: - МАSSAGE,
- MANUAL INFLUENCE,
- PHYSIOTHERAPY,
- ENVIRONMENT FACTORS (AEROTHERAPY,
HYDROTHERAPY, MUSICTHERAPY and oth.)
PSYCHOREGULATION: - AUTOGENIC TRAINING,
- MUSCLES RELAXATION and oth.
THE MEDICAL PHYSICAL CULTURE (MPC)
is studied the theoretical and methodological
basis of rational using the physical culture
means to treatment, rehabilitation and
prophylactic of diseases
THE MPC PECULIARITIES
Natural-biological method, using the main biological
function of body – THE
FUNCTION OF MOTION! (the main
stimulator of body development).
The method of active functional therapy.
The method of non-specific therapy.
The method of pathogenetic therapy.
The method of training therapy.
THE MAIN MPC MEANS:
PHYSICAL EXERCISES (the main stimulator of
all vital functions)
MOTION MODES– the volume (dose) of motor
activity, is prescripted to patient individual and
depended by rehabilitative step
MASSAGE
ENVIRONMENT FACTORS (sun, air, water oth.)
The additional MPT means
MECHANOTHERAPY
THERAPY BY LABOUR
MANUAL THERAPY
THE PHYSICAL EXERCISES MECHANISMS
1. TONITHATION
- neirohumoral mechanisms
stimulation of motor-visceral reflexes,
mobilisation and intensification the main physiological
processes,
increasing of adaptation and activation of protective
mechanisms
improvement of emotional condition (increasing of mood,
confidence in themselves),
improvement of psychological condition)
THE PHYSICAL EXERCISES MECHANISMS
2. Trophic mechanism – activation of blood- and
lymphatic circulation, nervous trophic
and endocrine system
acceleration of deliver the nutrition Products of muscles activity
and removal of metabolism products; (АТF, КFK and oth.) are
stimulation of metabolism (proteins, power biostimulators
fat, carbohydrates, mineral and oth.)
axonal traffic stimulation
IMPROVEMENT AND NORMALITHETION OF NUTRITION:
- more quickly disappearing of inflammatory infiltrates, oedemas,
haematomas, scars;
- acceleration of damages tissues regeneration.
THE PHYSICAL EXERCISES MECHANISMS
3. FORMATION OF COMPENSATIONS - (temporary and
constant)
4. NORMALITHATION OF FUNCTION
5. SYMTOMATIC
METODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF MPC
1. Individual.
2. Graduation (graduative increasing of power).
3. Consistation (succession– «from simplex to complex»).
4. Regular.
5. Duration.
6. Exactly dosed of exertion.
7. Emotionality.
8. Control of exertion effects.
THE MAIN FORMS OF MPC
1. Morning hygienic gymnastic – complex of general and
respiratory exercises, to stimulate the function of main physiological system
2. Therapy gymnastic – complex of general, respiratory and specific
exercises
3. Independents studies of sick person are given by
physician – complex of special exercises are made by patient many some
times a day (3-5 and more)
4. Healthy occupation of physical culture (non sport direction)
– dosed walking,dosed running, swimming and oth.)
ADDITIONAL FORMS: postural treatment, gymnastic in water, tourism, terrencur
(dosed ascent) and oth.
METHODS OF MPC:
1. GYMNASTICAL:
а) individual;
б) in small groups (3-5 man);
в) in groups (10 and more).
2. GAME.
3. WITH SPORTS ELEMENTS.
4. INDEPENDENT.
CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES
1. GIMNASTICAL
2. SPORTS-APPLIED (running, walking, swimming,
skating, skiing and oth.)
3. GAME (local, less range of motion, active, sport’s)
GYMNASTIC EXERCISES
1. GENERAL (COMMON) –
non specific, to development of full body
2. RESPIRATORY
3. SPECIAL – to act on damaged system or organ
GYMNASTICS EXERCISES:
DINAMIC STATIC
(ISOTONIC) – (ISOMETRIC) –
include movement of a is made by exertion
constant weight through a against an immovable
range of motion (flexion, object or by holding by
extension adduction, object in state position (to
abduction): recovery the strength,
tonus and volume of
а) active –are muscles, to prophylactic
making by patient an atrophy of muscles):
themselves;
б) passive -are
making by therapist).
GYMNASTIC EXERCISES :
In depend on muscles mass –
1) for small muscles groups (wrist, foot);
2) for middle muscles groups (neck, forearm, shoulder, hip and oth.);
3) for large muscles groups (back, thigh ).
In depend on the character of exercises –
1) The exercises for stretching;
2) – « – balance;
3) – « – relax;
4) – « – coordination;
5) – « – strength;
6) – « – mobility
RESPIRATORY EXERCISES:
- for patients breathe rehabilitation, decrease of physical exertion and for
special acts to respiratory system.
STATIC – are done only by respiratory muscles (intercostals,
diaphragm and abdominal):
а) pectoral;
б) abdominal (diaphragmal).
DINAMIC – respiratory movement others muscles groups
(upper and lower extremities, trunk and oht.)
SPECIAL – «local» respiratory exercises; breath with
resistance; vocal gymnastic; the specials kinds of
respiratory gymnastic (Buteiko methodic, Strelnicova
methodic)
CLASSIFICATION OF THE REHABILITATION
STAGES:
HOSPITAL – in clinic:
POSTHOSPITAL:
- - polyclinic;
- sanatorium
MOTOR MODES
On clinical stage of rehabilitation:
Kinds of the motor
The MM main tasks The capacity of motor activity on MM
modes (MM)
Physical and psychological rest
SEVERE BED
The complication prophylactic
WIDE BED
Decreasing of hypokinesia
influence
CHAMBERLY
Preparation the patient to hospital
discharge
FREE
