CHARLES CORREA

PRESENTED BY:
RILARYMPEI MARBANIANG
 INTRODUCTION:BACKGROUND

• Charles Correa, in full Charles Mark Correa

• Born in secundrabad, India in 1930.

• He is an Architect, planner, activist and traveler,particularly

noted for his sensitivity to the needs of the urban poor and
for his use of traditional methods and materials

• Kevin lynch , then in the process of developing his themes

for image of the city triggered Correa’s interest in urban
issues

• Correa's work in India shows a careful development,

understanding and adaptation of Modernism to a non-
western culture. Correa's early works attempt to explore a
local vernacular within a modern environment.
Ideas, Principles and Philosophies
Architecture is not abstraction.... it should work.

Architecture is a three-legged stool: climate, technology and culture.

Together they generate the building.

“We do not know if architecture can be taught — but we know it can be

learnt,” “For learning is a process that depends on us ourselves, and our
attitude of mind.”

“History is a profound repository of space and time. It is the abstract

principles we discover in history that we imbibe and learn from.”

Identity, Pluralism, Disaggregation.

Use of Vastu Shastra
Centre has to be empty...Brahman
The empty space kind of gives a sense of orientation
 HIS MAIN CONCEPT SEEN
IN MANY DESIGNS
OPEN TO SKY
CONCPET

COURTYARDS HOUSING THE MACHINE WORK SPACES THE PATHWAYS

AND FOR
TERRACES LIVING
EXAMPL
ES

Low-income
Low-income Squatter
Squatter
housing; Gujarat
housing; Gujarat housing
housing
housing Board
Housing board
Housing Board
OPEN TO SKY CONCEPT

In India, the sky has profoundly affected our

relationship to built form, and to open space. For in a
warm climate, the best place to be in the late evenings
and in the early mornings, is outdoors, under the open
sky. Such spaces have an infinite number of
variations: one steps out of a room. . . into a verandah.
. . And thence on to a terrace from which one proceeds COMPONENTS:-
to an open courtyard, perhaps shaded by a tree . . . or
by a large pergola overhead. At each moment, subtle •COURTYARDS &
changes in the quality of light and ambient air TERRACES
generate feelings within us feelings which are central •URBANIZATION
to our beings •THE MACHINE FOR
LIVING
•WORKSPACES
•THE RITUALISTIC
PATHWAY
 COURTYARDS & TERRACES

Kanchanju Rallis
Low-income nga Apartments
Gujarat Housing
housing;
Board •CAN MAKE A DECISIVE DIFFERENCE
B/W LIVABLE HABITAT
•EVEN IN DENSE HOUSING, INDIVIDUAL
TERRAES CAN BE GIVEN BED LIVING
•SUCH SPACES NOT ONLY IMPROVE
LIVING CONDITIONS, BUT ALSO HAS BED
ECONOMIC VALUE IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRY LIKE INDIA Colonial Bungalow
•THESE PRINCIPLES ARE VIABLE ALSO
IN THE HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS, WHERE
BE
THE ISSUE IS COMPOUNDED BY THE LIVIN BE
HOT HUMID CLIMATE EG- SONMARG D D
G
APPARTMENTS, KANCHANJUNGA BED DINING
Jeevan Bima APPARTMENTS.
BED
Nagar,
Borivili VERANDAH
KITCHEN
 URBANIZATION

Squatter Belapur Housing,

Housing New
Bombay

 Such open-to-sky spaces are of course of crucial importance to the poorest

inhabitants: the squatters. Obviously there is an appalling mismatch between the way
our cities have been built and the way we use them today
THE MACHINE FOR LIVING

Another equally critical parameter:

Energy. architects have depended more
and more on the mechanical engineer to
provide light and air within the building
  WORK SPACES

to deal with solar protection involved various forms of

A kit-of-parts came into
brise-soleil. this kind of concrete Louvre, while providing existence:-
powerful visual imagery for the built form, can be • the section which facilitates
counter- productive. The concrete heats up during the long convection currents
hot day and then acts as an enormous radiator in the • the internal zone of micro-
evening, rendering the rooms unbearable climate
• The stepped terraces • the
pergola roof
THE RITUAUSTIC PATHWAY

 A METAPHOR FOR THE INDIAN STREET, TAKING THE VISITOR

FROM VILLAGE TO TEMPLE TO PALACE
KANCHANJUNGA APPARTMENTS
1970-1983
 KANCHENJUNG
APARTMENT
DESIGNER: CHARLES CORREA
LOCATION: MUMBAI
YEAR: 1970
BUILDING: RESIDENTIAL
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM: CONCRETE
ARCHTECTURAL STYLE: MODERN

• 28- story tower,

• 21 sqm and 84 m high
• The building had to be oriented east – west
to capture prevailing sea breeze and views
to the citY
• Minimalist surfaces cut away to open
up double-height terrace gardens at
the corners
• This building has 32 different apartments
with 4 types of flats varying from 3 to 6
bedrooms.
Garden terraces actually a modern
interpretation of a feature of the traditional
Indian bungalow: the verandah

Each apartment provided with a deep, two-

story-high garden terrace that is oriented away
from the sun so as to afford protection from
the elements
INCREMENTAL
HOUSING, CBD
BELAPUR
A CASE STUDY OF LOW COST HOUSING TYPOLOGY
DESIGNED BY AR. CHARLES CORREA
G

G
L

C
A BRIEF
INTRODUCTION
Belapur incremental housing project - a proposal for mass affordable housing in New Bombay
(Navi Mumbai), which demonstrated how high densities could be achieved with low-rise
courtyard homes, built with simple materials at a human scale.

Based on clusters of between seven

and 12 pairs of houses arranged
around communal courtyards, the
buildings did not share party walls
– allowing each family to extend
and adapt their own house
independently.

550 families were planned for in a

6-acre area limitation.
PLANNING SPACES
� The project is generated by a hierarchy of spaces. The first is the private courtyard
of single dwelling used as a space for outdoor activities during most of the year.
� Subsequently, seven units are grouped to form a small courtyard town of about
8m x 8m.

Living area
Services
Private courtyard
Access roads
PLANNING SPACES
🠶 Three of these groups form a module of twenty-one homes that describes
the collective space of the next scale (approximately 12m x 12m).

1X7
3X1X7
MATERIALS AND
CONSTRUCTION � TECHNOLOGY: external walls of brick; roof
structure covered with wooden shingles.
� MATERIALS: brick, plaster of white color,
colorful wooden fixtures, outdoor paving stone
blocks.
� Individual houses rely on simple floor plans and
building methods, enabling local masons and
craftspeople to construct them.
� The village was produced with the idea that the
residents were going to alter it in many ways,
making it truly their own, therefore homes are
freestanding, so residents can add on to them
as their families grow; and differently priced
plans appeal to a wide variety of income levels.
 PLANNING SPACES

� Correa discussed housing and the importance

of people to be involved in determining its
design and use.
� Additionally, he also emphasized incremental
housing as a centerpiece to any solution that was
proposed for a place like Dharavi
� The footprint of each plan varies little in size
(from 45 sq. m to 70 sq. m), maintaining equity
(fairness) in the community
� Scheme caters wide range from the lowest budgets
of Rs 20000, Middle income groups Rs 30000-
50000 and Upper income Rs 180000.
TYPOLOGY A
THE SIMPLEST TYPOLOGY
UNIT B

TYPOLOGY C
TYPE TYPE B
A
The 7-house unit

Service line
indication
 services

• A common garden divided Observations from

the entries of both the condominium 4:-
condominiums and a • Wider accessibility
well serving both. • Gated entries
• Drainage on periphery of
walking pathways.
LEGEND •Separate entry for
pedestrian and vehicles.
OLD TYPOLOGY
•No hindrance of vehicles
COMMON GREEN SPACES
and pedestrians.
GATE FOR CONDOMINIUM • Organized
well
•Defined open and
WATCHMAN’S CABIN
common spaces with trees
SEATING SPACES still maintained.
PARKING • Open to main road
KATTA

G+1 STUCTURES
MAP SHOWING LAYOUT OF CONDOMINIUM 4
G+2 STUCTURES AND 5

pathway between the GROUND STUCTURES personal open to sky

common space and space of the house
the houses •There was a common entrance space • Both the condominiums are separated
to both condominiums. However and differentiated by gates. The entry
condominium 4 being a gated and gates are about 4.8m wide. These
secured one, all the vehicles belonging opened from the common parking
to the residents were parked in the space that was about 16mx16m.
common open space not harming any
converted parking space
tree or green spaces
 every house having its
a common gate as an own gate
entrance to the smaller
group with a
watchman's cabin

old typology
gate to condominium 5

drainage

•common space
between the houses
• katta used as a seating
• two wheeler and four
wheeler parking
•pathway opening up to the main
road
• used to reach the parking
7/31/2016 old typologies • common space used for plantation
THE CURRENT
SCENARIO

�Many of the
original buildings
are demolished
and now replaced
with much bigger
concrete houses
by the aspiring
middle classes.
CONCLUSION
� This housing project offers the quality of
life of a village with the sophistication of
a city.
� Each cluster permits the emergence of a
local community feeling, while
integrating each house to the whole
settlement at different levels. The hierarchy
itself is very organic.
� The complex allowed people to modify
their houses freely, whether with a
paintbrush or mortar - something that is
NEVER allowed in the type of mass
housing devastating the urban and
psychological landscape of cities around the
world.