HISTORY OF TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
EARLY TOURISM
Tourism is derived from the term “torah” which means
studying, learning or searching
Tourism can trace its ancestry in the old testament
Has 2 forms
Travel for business
Travel for Religious reasons
TOURISM IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD
(5TH CENTURY)
During this period, travel declined
Travel was derived from the term “travail” which means
engage in painful or laborious effect
TOURISM DURING THE RENAISSANCE
AND ELIZABETH ERAS
Travel for education was introduced by the British
“Grand Tour” was used as early as 1670
The sick sought a remedy for their illnesses in “spas” or
medical baths
The term spa was derived from the term “espa” which
means fountain
TOURISM DURING THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
Brought major changes in the scale and type of tourism
Led to the creation of working-class resorts near major
industrial centers
Brought essential social changes
MODERN TOURISM IN THE 19TH
CENTURY
2 technological developments: Railway and Steam
Power
Travel by large number of individuals
Steam power promoted mobility
Thomas Cook: most famous for tourism/travel
MODERN TOURISM IN THE 20TH
CENTURY
Pleasure travel began to expand and increased curiosity
WW I: brought influence to the volume of tourism
HISTORY OF HOSPITALITY
INDUSTRY
ANCIENT PERIOD (THE SUMERIANS)
Hospitality began with the Sumerians who lived in
Mesopotamia in about 4000 BC
Sumerians organized themselves into city-states
It is most likely that the hospitality industry began with
the Sumerians 5,000 years ago in 3000 BC
ANCIENT PERIOD (EARLY TRADERS)
In 2000 BC, a considerable amount of trade had
developed
Individuals set up the caravensarai to provide shelter to
travelers
EMPIRES: 3200 BC TO 476 AD
EGYPTIAN EMPIRE
Governed by “pharoahs” in 3200 BC
Pyramids or tombs were became tourist attractions
First to see that lodging and food services are provided
to travellers
GREEK EMPIRE
Ancient Greek civilization began to develop at about
1100 BC
City states were united by King Philip of Macedonia
Greeks were dedicated travelers
Taverns and restaurants in ancient Greece were often
respected and served fine food
ROMAN EMPIRE
In 146 BC, people from Greece became Roman
protectorates
People stopped at Khans, a combination of stables and
sleeping accomodations
MEDIEVAL PERIOD
DARK AGES
Roman Empire fell in 476 AD
In Europe, Charlemange established rest houses for
pilgrims
Medieval guilds help open houses for pilgrims
RENAISSANCE 1350 AD TO 1600 AD
There were no restaurants and dining establishments
present
EARLY MODERN PERIOD
1600 AD TO 1800 AD
In the 16th century, type of eating place for commoners
were called “ordinary”
Tea developed slower than coffee
In 1652, the first English coffee house was in St.
Michael’s Alley
In 1683, Kolschitski opened the first coffee house in
Eastern Europe
In 1700s, inns were much safer ad comfortable
1600 AD TO 1800 AD
Mails were an important element
Food service dramatically changed u=un Frabce 1765
INDUSTRIAL ERA FROM 1800
Started from the mid 1700’s in England
MODERN PERIOD
19TH CENTURY
Many hotels were constructed without dining facilities
In 1875, a dining facility was opened in the Albermarle
Hotel in London
One of the best known hotels was the Savoy opened by
Richard d’Oyly Carte in 1889
European plan: guests need not to pay for both room
and dining in one lump sum
20TH CENTURY
In 1921, Walter Anderson and Billy Ingraham began White
Castle Burgers
Marriot’s hot shoppe and root beer stands opened in 1927
In 1925, Howards Johnson opened his original restaurant
In 1934, the Rainbow Room opened
1939, restaurant called Le Pavillon de France opened in
New York
PIONEER IN T&H INDUSTRY
Cesar Ritz
Became general manager in Savoy
Made hotel into a cultural center for high society
PIONEER IN T&H INDUSTRY
Ellsworth Milton Statler
Considered to be the preier hotel-man
PIONEER IN T&H INDUSTRY
Conrad Hiltom
“biggest hotel man in the world”
PIONEER IN T&H INDUSTRY
Thomas Cook
First
professional travel agent
Founder of the world’s first travel agency
PIONEER IN T&H INDUSTRY
Howard Dearing Johnson
Pioneer of brand leveraging
First to introduce franchising in 1930’s
PIONEER IN T&H INDUSTRY
J. Willard Marriott
Founded Marriott Corporation
RAY KROC
Most financially successful of all hospitality
entrepreneurs
PIONEER IN T&H INDUSTRY
Isadore Sharp
Most successful of all hospitality entrepreneurs
First generation Candian
PIONEER IN T&H INDUSTRY
Ruth Fertel
Was in dire need to give burth
Founded Chris Steak Hosue
