INDUSTRIAL SECURITY

MANAGEMENT
Presented by:

JOSEPH HANSEN L. RAMIZARES, RC

APCAS-CRIMINOLOGY INSTRUCTOR
MOCK BOARD
INDUSTRIAL
SECURITY
MANAGEMENT
1. This involves the security of plant and business
enterprises which includes the safeguarding of
personnel, process, properties and operations.
(August 2004 board exam)

A. Personnel security
B. Document security
C. Industrial security
D. Communication security
2. The importance of the firm or installation
with reference to the national economy or
security:
(August 2003 board exam and April 2009
board exam)

A. relative vulnerability
B. relative criticality
C. relative necessity
D. relative security
3. The exterior and interior parallel area near the
perimeter barrier of an industrial compound to
afford better observation and patrol movement
is known as: (April 1988 board exam)

A. Protective
B. Clear zone
C. Twilight zone
D. Patrol lane zone
4. The Protection of classified documents and
matters concerning their preparation,
classification, reproduction, handling,
transmission, disposal and destruction. (August
2003 board exam)

A. Document security
B. Operational security
C. Physical security
D. Organizational security
5. A security guard is duly authorized
to carry his licensed Firearm only
to the premises of their office to
their:
(Sept. 2000 board exam)

A. Place to work
B. Identified place
C. Place of work and return
D. Choice of location
6. The minimum age requirement for Security
Manager or Operator of a security agency is:
(Sept. 2000 board exam)

A. 40 years old
B. 35 years old
C. 25 years old
D. 45 years old
7. It is a natural or man-made structure or physical device
that is capable of restricting, deterring, or delaying
illegal access to an installation.
(Sept. 2000 board exam)
A. Fence
B. Wall
C. Barrier
D. Hazard
8. It provides means and ways by which all
personnel and employees are trained to make
them security conscious and disciplined.
(Sept. 2000 board exam)

A. Security check
B. Security education
C. Security investigation
D. Security promotion
9. Under physical security, what should be placed
between the prospective intruder and target
installation?
(Aug. 2003 board exam and April 2010 board
exam)

a. Hazard
b. Risk
c. Net
d. Barrier
10. These are barbed wires placed
above a vertical fence in order to
increase physical protection of
establishments or installations.

A. Top tower
B. Cellar guard
C. Top guard
D. Tower guard house
WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL SECURITY
MANAGEMENT?
INDUSTRY
 An activity that
pertains to business
operations.
SECURITY

 a state or condition of being secured;

 there is freedom from fear, harm,
danger, loss, destruction or damages.
SECURITY VS. SAFETY
 state of being “safe”, the condition
of being protected against physical,
social, spiritual, financial, political,
emotional, etc.
MANAGEMENT
 The skillful use of
means in order to
attain a purpose.
WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL SECURITY
MANAGEMENT?
 “the skillful
handling of the
security and safety
measures of
business
enterprises and
industrial
establishments.”
LAWS RELATED TO
SECURITY MANAGEMENT

R.A. No. 5487 – approved June 13, 1969,

known as Private Security Agency Law

R.A. 6975 – The law authorizing the PNP the

control and supervision of the security
agencies in the Philippines. Approved into law
December 13, 1990.

WDC
NECESSITY OF SECURITY

 Security measures are inevitable or

necessary for the attainment of
goals and objectives.
 When an individual or organization is
exposed to hazards, their
productivity is adversely affected.
 PROBLEMS IN SECURITY
MANAGEMENT

1. Human hazards
2. Natural hazards

WDC
HUMAN HAZARD???

09193359619
WHAT ARE HAZARDS?

 conditions that may cause damage to

property, injury, or loss of life.
 “exposure to the chance of loss or
injury.
SECURITY AND SAFETY
MEASURES
 Active measures
 physical barriers, security lightings,
safes and vaults, locks and other
devices.
 Passive measures
 deter mans from committing acts for
fear of being caught.
 Ex: Security education programs, security
investigation, fire prevention seminars,
safety drills, etc.
TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL
SECURITY
1. Hotel Security
2. Hospital Security
3. School Security
4. Bank Security
5. Commercial Security
6. Mall Security
7. Agriculture Security
8. Mining Security
9. Airport Security
10. Communication Security
- Transmission & Cryptographic
THREE MAJOR DIVISIONS OF
INDUSTRIAL SECURITY
1. Physical Security
 measures taken to prevent physical access or entry
to an installation or area by unauthorized personnel.

2. Personnel Security
 measures applied to insure suitability for
appointment or access to classified matter as well as
the protection of company personnel against
potential harmful acts or conditions.
3. Document and Information Security
 measures designed to safeguard company
documents from unauthorized disclosure of the
information
COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL
SECURITY

1. Perimeter Barriers
2. Protective Lightings
3. Protective Alarms
4. Protective Locks and Key Control and
5. Protective Cabinets
6. Guard Force and Guard Systems
7. Personnel Identification & Movement
Control
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL
SECURITY
WHAT ARE BARRIERS?

 any physical
structure
whether natural
or man made.
 capable of
restricting,
delaying or
preventing
unauthorized
access
LINE OF PHYSICAL DEFENSE
CONCEPT OF PERIMETER
BARRIERS

 medium of structure which defines the

physical limits.
 restrict or impede access.
 any physical barrier used to supplement the
protection of an inside or outside perimeter.
PERIMETER BARRIER
OPENINGS

1. Gates and doors should also be guarded or locked;

2. Windows and similar openings should also be
guarded or grills should be installed;
3. Sidewalks elevators should be locked and guarded;
4. Utilities openings such as sewers, air intakes,
exhaust tunnels should be protected by bars, grills,
etc.;
5. Clear Zone is an unobstructed area maintained on
both sides of the perimeter barrier.
 A clear zone of 20 ft. or more is desirable between the
barrier and extension structures and natural covers
which may provide concealment or assistance to a
person seeking unauthorized entry.
TYPES OF PERIMETER
BARRIERS
1. FENCES - control physical and visual
access between outside areas.
 Solid -visual access is denied.
 Full-View - visual access is permitted
TYPES OF PERIMETER
BARRIERS
2. BUILDING WALLS include walls,
floor, roofs or their combinations
3. BODIES OF WATER like river, lake,
cataract, sea, pond or any bodies of
water
ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE
MEASURES

1. Top Guard
 additional overhang of barbed wire placed on vertical
perimeter fences facing upward and outward with a 45-
degree angle with three to four strands of barbed wires
spaced 6-inches apart.
2. Guard Control Stations
 provided at main perimeter entrance to secure areas
located out of doors,
3. Towers or “Guard towers”
 are house-like structures above the perimeter barriers.
ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE
MEASURES…
4. Barrier Maintenance
 Fencing barriers and protective walls should always be
regularly inspected by security.
5. Protection in Depth
 In large open areas or ground where fencing or walling is
impractical and expensive, warning signs should be
conspicuously placed.
6. Signs and Notices or “Control signs”
 controls unauthorized ingress, and preclude accidental
entry.
PURPOSES OF PROTECTIVE
LIGHTINGS/SECURITY LIGHTINGS

 provides a means of illumination

 a degree of protection maintained during
daylight hours.
 deterrent to thieves and vandals
 an essential element of an integrated physical
security program.
SECURITY LIGHTINGS
 In the field of physical security,
security lighting is lighting that
intended to deter or detect intrusions
or other criminal activity on a piece of
real property. It can also be used to
increase a feeling of safety. Lighting
is integral to crime prevention
through environmental design,
TYPES OF SECURITY
LIGHTINGS
1. Stationary Luminary (Continuous)
2. Stand-by Lighting
3. Movable Lighting
4. Emergency Lighting
 TYPES OF SECURITY
LIGHTINGS
1. Stationary Luminary (Continuous)
 fixed luminous to flood a given area
continuously with overlap.

a. Glare–projection type
 focused to the intruder while the guard remains in
the dark.
b. Controlled lighting
 focused on a pile of items rather than on the
background.
TYPES OF SECURITY
LIGHTINGS…
2. Stand-by Lighting
 similar to continuous lighting but
turned on manually or by other
automatic means.
TYPES OF SECURITY
LIGHTINGS…

3. Movable Lighting
 stationary or manually operated search
lights

4. Emergency Lighting
 used in the event of electrical failure
GENERAL TYPES OF
LIGHTING SOURCES
1. Incandescent Lamp
2. Mercury Vapour Lamp
3. Metal Halide
4. Fluorescent Lamp
5. High-Sodium Vapour Lamp
 INCANDESCENT LIGHTS

have low initial cost

Mercury Vapor lamps
 emit a purplish-
white color gas.
More efficient
in exterior
lighting.
Metal Halide
 similar in physical
appearance to
mercury vapor,
 but provides a light
source of higher
luminous efficiency
and better color
rendition.
Fluorescent Lamp
 good color
rendition.
 cannot project
light over long
distances
 not desirable as
flood type lights.
High-pressure Sodium Vapor
 exterior lighting of parking areas,
roadways, buildings, and industrial and
commercial installation.
 It emits golden white to pink color.
TYPES OF LIGHTING
EQUIPMENT
 Four types of lighting equipment are
generally used or associated with
security lighting. These are:
1. FLOODLIGHTS
2. STREET LIGHTS
3. SEARCH LIGHTS
4. FRESNEL LIGHTS
FLOODLIGHTS
 These can be used to
accommodate most
outdoor security
lighting needs, including
the illumination of
boundaries, fences and buildings and for
the emphasis of vital areas or
particular buildings.
STREET LIGHTS
 These are lighting
equipment received
the most widespread
notoriety for its value
in reducing crime.
SEARCH LIGHTS
 These are highly
focused incandescent
lamp and are designed
to pinpoint potential
trouble spots.
FRESNEL LIGHTS
 These are wide beam
units, primary used to extend the
illumination in long, horizontal strips
to protect the approaches to the
perimeter barrier. Fresnel projects a
narrow, horizontal beam that is
approximately 180 degrees in the
horizontal and from 15 to 30 degrees
in the vertical plane.
 PROTECTIVE ALARMS

 another safeguard that

complement if not to
supplement physical
security
 alerts security
personnel to
consummated or
attempted intrusion
THREE PARTS OF AN ALARM
SYSTEM/DEVICES
1. Sensor or trigger device
 It detects the aural or visual signals or
both.
2. Transmission line
 a circuit which transmit the message to
the signaling apparatus.
3. Enunciator
 it is the signaling system that activates
the alarm.
TYPES OF ALARM DETECTION SYSTEM

1. Central Station System – monitor of the

central station is located outside the
installation.
2. Proprietary System – functions in the same
way as the central system except that it is
owned and leased by the subscriber.
3. Local Alarm System – ringing up a visual or
audible alarm near the object to be protected.
4. Auxiliary System – installation circuits are
led into local police or fire department.
 Data Gathering Panel

Alarm Annunciation Alarm Assessment

CAS
(Central Alarm Station)

Alarm Sensor Alarm Sensor Alarm Sensor

57
Kinds of Alarms

1. Audio Detection Device- detect sound

caused by attempted force entry
2. Vibration Detection Device- detect any
vibration
3. Metallic foil or wire- it will detect any
action that moves the foil or wire
4. Laser Beam Alarm- a laser emitter floods
a wall or fencing with a beam. If the beam
is disturbed, an alarm is activated.
5. Photoelectric or Electric Eye Device- an
invisible/visible beam is emitted
Audio Detection Device
Vibration Detection Device
Metallic foil or wire
Laser Beam Alarm
Photoelectric or
Electric Eye Device
WHAT IS PERIMETER INTRUDER
DETECTION SYSTEM (PIDS)?

 These are electronic devices that

detects entry or attempted entry
across the external perimeter of a
key point or vital point and signaling
an alarm.
FIRE ALARMS
 - ARE THOSE DEVICES INSTALLED
TO HELP DETECT FIRES OR DETECT
ANYTHING THAT CAUSES FIRE SUCH
AS SMOKE OR UNUSUAL RISING OF
TEMPERATURE.
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
1. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLING SYSTEM
- AN INTEGRATED NETWORK OF
HYDRAULICALLY DESIGNED PIPING
INSTALLED IN A BUILDING ,
STRUCTURE OR AREA WITH OUTLETS
ARRANGED IN A SYSTEMATIC PATTERN
WHICH AUTOMATICALLY DISCHARGES
WATER WHEN ACTIVATED BY HEAT OR
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS FROM A FIRE.
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER
-IS A TYPE OF BUILT
IN SPRINKLERS WHICH WORKS
BY THE INCREASE OF ROOM
TEMPERATURE AND WHICH
AUTOMATICALLY OPERATES
THE SYSTEM TO PUT OUT THE FIRE.
TYPES OF SPRINKLE SYSTEM:
1.WET PIPE SYSTEM
2.DRY PIPE SYSTEM
2. FIRE PUMPS
-ARE MECHANICAL DEVICE OF
SUPPLYING WATER WHICH CAN BE
MANUAL OR MOTOR DRIVEN. THESE
PUMP ARE IDEAL WHEN NATURAL
SUPPLIES OF WATER ARE READILY
AVAILABLE LIKE A RIVER, LAKE OR
STREAM.
3. FIRE HYDRANT
-IS A MECHANICAL
DEVICE STRATEGICALLY
LOCATED IN AN
INSTALLATION OR STREET
WHERE FIRE HOSE IS
CONNECTED SO THAT
WATER WITH PRESSURE WILL
BE AVAILABLE TO EXTINGUISH FIRE.
4. STAND PIPES
- ARE GALVANIZED
IRON STEEL OR PLASTIC
PIPES LOCATED INSIDE
A BUILDING FROM THE
LOWEST TO THE TOP FLOOR
WITH WATER UNDER
PRESSURE FOR USE IN CASE
OF FIRE.
5. PORTABLE HAND EXTINGUISHER

- THIS IS A FIREFIGHTING
EQUIPMENT WHICH CAN BE
PORTABLE OR IN A CART
THAT IS USED TO PUT OUT
FIRE DEPENDING ON THE
CONTENTS TO EXTINGUISH
CERTAIN TYPES OF FIRE AS
CLASS A TO D.
HOW TO OPERATE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

1.PULL: Pull the pin ,this will break the

tamper seal
2.AIM: Aim low,pointing the nozzle or
hose at the base of the fire.
3. SQUEEZE: Squeeze the handle to
release the extinguishing agent.
4. SWEEP: Sweep side to side at the base
of the fire, the fuel source, until the fire is
out.
CLASSES OF FIRE
CLASS A FIRE
-ARE DEFINED AS ORDINARY
COMBUSTIBLES. THESE TYPES ARE
FIRES USE COMMONLY FLAMMABLE
MATERIAL AS THEIR FUEL SOURCE.
EX:WOOD, FABRIC, PAPER, TRASH AND
PLASTICS.
CLASS B FIRES
-THE CLASS B FIRE IS DEFINED AS
ONE THAT USES A FLAMMABLE LIQUID
OR GAS AS ITS FUEL BASE. COMMON
LIQUID BASED FUEL SOURCES
INCLUDE PETROLEUM BASED OILS AND
PAINTS, KEROSENE AND GASOLINE.
FLAMMABLE GASES SUCH AS BUTANE
OR PROPANE .
CLASS C FIRES
-THE CLASS C FIRE IS DEFINED AS
A FIRE THAT USES ELECTRICAL
COMPONENTS AND/OR ENERGIZED
EQUIPMENT AS ITS FUEL SOURCE.
ELECTRICAL FIRES ARE OFTEN FUELED
BY MOTOR, APPLIANCES AND
ELECTRONIC TRANSFORMERS.
CLASS D FIRES
-THE CLASS D FIRE IS DEFINED AS
ONE THAT USES A COMBUSTIBLE
METAL AS ITS FUEL SOURCE.
EXAMPLES OF SUCH COMBUSTIBLE
METALS INCLUDE TITANIUM,
MAGNESIUM, ALUMINUM AND
POPTASSIUM, ETC.
CLASS K FIRES
-A CLASS K FIRE IS DEFINED AS A
COOKING FIRE INVOLVING
COMBUSTION FROM LIQUIDS USED IN
FOOD PREPARATION.
EX: GREASES, COOKING OILS,
VEGETABLES FAT AND ANIMAL FAT,
ETC.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS AND
KEY CONTROL
What is Lock?
 a mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or
electronic device to prevent entry into
a building, room, container or hiding
place

 What is a Key?
 a metal bar with notches or grooves that,
when inserted into a lock and turned,
operates the lock’s mechanism; or
 door or lock opener: a device such as a
plastic card with an encoded magnetic
strip that operates a door or lock
TYPES OF LOCKS
1. Key-operated Lock
2. Padlock
3. Combination lock
4. Code Operated Lock
5. Card-coded Lock
6. Electrical Lock
7. Electromagnetic Lock
Key-operated mechanical lock
 it uses some sort of arrangement of internal
physical barriers (wards tumblers) which
prevent the lock from operating unless they are
properly aligned.
 The key is the device used to align these
internal barriers so that the lock may be
operated.
Three (3) Types of
Key-operated Lock

1. Warded Lock
2. Disc or wafer tumbler mechanism
3. Pin tumbler mechanism
4. Lever tumbler mechanism
Warded lock
Disc tumbler (wafer) lock
Lever Tumbler Lock
Pin Tumbler Lock
Padlock
 a portable and
detachable lock
having a sliding hasp
which passes through
a staple ring and is
then made fasten or
secured.
Combination Locks
it uses numbers,
letters or other
symbols as
reference point
which enable an
operator to align
them manually.
Code Operated Locks
 can be opened by
pressing the series
of numbered
button in the
proper sequence.
Electrical lock
 a type of lock
that can be
opened and
closed remotely
by electrical
means.
Electromagnetic Locks
 devices holding a
door by
magnetism.
 when the power is
secured on the
door, it will resist
pressure of up to
1000 pounds.
TYPES OF KEYS

1. Change Key - a specific key, which

operates the lock and has a particular
combination of cuts, or biting, which match
the tumblers in the lock.
2. Sub-Master Key - could open all the lock
within a particular grouping in a facility.
3. Master Key - capable of opening a series of
locks.
4. Grand Master Key - open everything in a
system involving two or more master key
groups.
 The issued key to open main entrance
gate and office is called _____.
A. Master key C. Master keying System
B. Maison Keying D. Key Control

Answer: B
 Change Key (One level)
A key to a single lock within a master keyed
system.
Master Key (Two level)
All levels operated by change key and master
key Master key operates all locks generally of
one building.
Grand Master Key (Three level)
All locks operated by change key, master key
and grand master key.
 Great Grand Master Key (Four level)
All locks operated by change key, master key,
grand master key and great grand master
key.
Great Great Grand Master Key (Five level)
All locks operated by change key, master key,
grand master key, great grand master key
and great great grand master key.
PETERMAN
-It is a term used in England for
lock pickers, safecrackers, and
penetrators of restricted rooms or
areas.
PROTECTIVE CONTAINERS
(CABINETS)

 The final line of defense where

papers, records, plans or
cashable instrument, precious
metals or other especially
valuable assets are protected.
 These security containers will
be of a size and quantity,
which the nature of the
business dictates.
 These could be: SAFE, VAULT
OR A FILE ROOM
SAFE
 a metallic container used for
the safekeeping of documents
or small items
 robbery or burglary resistance
 must be at least 750 lbs.
 anchored to a building
structure
 body should at least one inch
thick steel.
VAULT
 a heavily constructed fire and burglar
resistance container
 part of the building structure
 bigger than safe
 door should be made of steel at least
6 inches
 walls, ceiling, floor reinforce concrete
at least 12 inches
 must be resistive to fire up to 6
hours.
FILE ROOM
 cubicle in a building
constructed a little
lighter than vault
 12 feet high
 watertight door
 fire proof for one hour.
GUARD FORCE AND GUARD
SYSTEMS
Security Guard
 sometimes called private security
guard or watchman shall include any
person who offers or renders personal
service to watch or secure either a
residence or business establishment
or both for hire or compensation,
 and with a license to exercise security
profession.
GUARD FORCE

 Group of selected men, trained or

grouped into functional unit in order to
protect operational processes from those
disruption which would impede efficiency
or halt operation.
TYPES OF GUARD FORCES
1. Private Security Agency (PSA)
 contracts, recruits, trains, and post security
guard to a business firms
2. Company Security Force (CSF)
 maintained and operated by any private
company or corporation
3. Government Security Unit (GSU)
 operated by any government entity other than
military and / a police
WHAT IS PADPAO?
 THE PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF
DETECTIVE AND PROTECTIVE
AGENCY OPERATORS, INC (PADPAO)
- the national association of all licensed security
agencies and company security forces.
- Established as early as 1958 purposely for the self-
regulation of all security agencies.
WHAT IS LTO?
 LICENSE TO OPERATE

 document issued by the CPNP or his

duly authorized representative
authorizing a person to engage in
security business
REQUIREMENTS FOR NEW PSA
 1M Minimum Capital and 500K Bank
Deposit
 Application to CPNP thru SAGSD
 full name of the applicant;
 his age, civil status; and
 residence and location of his business.
In case of corporation, association or
partnership copies of the following shall be
appended:
 Certificate of Registration with the SEC; and
 BY-Laws and Articles of incorporation.
Graduated Scale of License to
Operate
 200 or more but not exceeding 1000 shall be issued a
regular LTO good for 2 years.
 New PSA shall be issued a temporary LTO good for 1
year.
 PSAs with temporary LTO having posted 100 guards or
more but less than 200 shall upon expiration of such LTO
shall be issued an extension period of 6 mos. However,
upon expiration of the extension period, no extension
shall be granted unless the PSA shall submit a
certification for additional 50 guards posted for a 150
guards total.

 PSAs with cancelled/revoked LTOs shall cease to

operate and within 7 days after having been duly
notified of such cease to operate order, shall
immediately deposit all its firearms with the FED which
shall be receipted, copy furnished, CPNP SOSIA
(SAGSD). Otherwise, the PSA concerned, shall be liable
under PD 1866 (RA 8249).
Who may organize and
maintain a PSA?
 Any Filipino citizen
or corporation,
association,
partnership,
 100% owned and
controlled by
Filipino citizens.
Basic Requirement of an Operator
or Manager of agency

 Filipino citizen
 At least 25 years old
 College graduate and/or
 A commissioned officer in the inactive service or
 Retired from AFP or PNP or
Graduated/taken course in concepts and methods in
industrial Security and Security Management and/or
 Must have and adequate training or experience in
security business
 Good moral character - not having been convicted of any
crime involving moral turpitude; and
Disqualifications
 dishonorably discharged from AFP/PNP or separated
for cause from any government entity or government
owned or controlled corporation;
 Being mentally incompetent;
 Being physically unfit;
 Addicted to the use of narcotic and/or prohibited drugs
and/or substances;
 Habitual drunkard and alcoholic;
 Dummy of any foreigner; and
 Elective or appointive government officials and
employees
Basic requisites/Qualifications
for security guards
 Filipino citizen;
 High school graduate;
 Physically and mentally fit;
 At least 18 years old but not more
than 50 years old;
 Has undergone pre-licensing
training course; and
 Must not possess any of the
disqualifications.
Who are exempted from Pre-
Licensing

1. Veterans and retired or honorably

discharged military/police personnel
possessing all the qualifications
mentioned in the preceding section.
2. ROTC advance/basic graduates,
and/or its equivalent in the AFP, PNP,
CAFGU/CHDF.
Private Detective
 Holder of baccalaureate degree or
Bachelor of Laws; or
 B.S. Criminology graduate; or
 Graduate of Criminal Investigation
Course offered by the then PC/INP or
the PNP or the NBI or any police
training school or detective training with
authorized/recognized training center
for security guard; or
 Advance Reserve Officers Training
Course or Citizen Military Training
(ROTC/CMT) graduate.
Security Officer
 Filipino citizen;
 Holder of Baccalaureate Degree;
 Physically and mentally fit;
 Has graduated from a Security Officer
Training Course;
 Retired personnel of the PNP/AFP; and
 Must not possess any of the
disqualification enumerated in Sec. 2, Rule
II.
Security Consultant
 Holder of a Masters degree in either
Criminology, Public Administration, MNSA,
Industrial Administration or Law; or
 Must have at least 10 years experience in
the operation and management of security
business.
 Other Exemptions - Any officer or enlisted
man of the AFP or a uniform member of
the PNP honorably discharged/separated or
retired from the service are exempted
from the requirements.
CLASSIFICATION OF
TRAINING

1. PRE-LICENSING TRAINING COURSE

(PLTC)
1. RE-TRAINING COURSE (RTC)
TYPES OF LICENSES IN THE SECURITY
PROFESSION UNDER RA 5487

1. License to Operate
2. Security Guard License
3. Firearms license
11 GENERAL ORDERS
1. To take charge of the post and all company
property in view and to protect/preserve the
same with utmost diligence.
(Pangasiwaan ng buong husay ang pangangalaga ng
pook o kumpanyang binabantayan, pati na ang lahat
ng ari-arian)
2. To walk in an alert manner during my tour of
duty and observe everything within sight or
hearing.
(Lumakad nang laging handa at magmasid at making
nang mabuti sa anumang nangyayari sa paligid.)
3. To report all violations of regulations or
orders i am instructed to enforce.
(Gumawa ng report tungkol sa mga katiwalian
laban sa mga kautusang itinuro sa aking dapat 
ipatupad)
4.  To relay all calls from post more distant
from the guard house where i am station.
(Ipaalam lahat ng tawag mula sa malayo kaysa sa
aking bahay-tanod)
5.  To quit my post only when properly
relieved.
(Lisanin ang aking kinatatalagahan pagkatapos
mahalinhan nang maayos)
6.  To receive, obey and pass to the relieving
guard all orders from the company officials,
officers in the agency, supervisor, post in
charge of shift leaders.
(Tanggapin, sundin at ipagbigay-alam sa aking
kahalilingtanod ang lahat na utos ng pinuno at
opisyal ng kumpanya, supervisor, post in charge
or shift leader)
7.  To talk to no one except in the line of
duty.
(Huwag makipag-usap kanino man habang
nakatalaga maliban lamang hinggil sa tungkulin)
8.  To sound or call the alarm in case of fire
or disorder.
(Magbabala kung may sunog o gulo)
9. To call the superior officer in any case not
covered by the instructions.
(Ipagbigay alam sa nakakataas na opisyal kung
may anumang bagay na hindi nasasaklaw ng mga
tagubilin)
10. To salute all company officials, officers of
the agency, ranking public officials and
officers of the AFP and PNP.
(Sumaludo sa mga pinuno ng kumpanya,
ahensya, gobyerno at opisyal ng Philippine
National Police o PNP)
11. To be especially watchful at night and
during the time of challenge all person on or
near my post and to allow no one to pass or
loitering without proper authority.
(Maging mahigpit na mapagmasid lalo na sa gabi
at maselang panahon, usisaing mabuti kung sino
ang bawat nakapaligid o malapit sa aking
pinagtatanuran, at huwag pahintulutang
makaraan ang sinumanang walang pahintulot.)
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCTS
AND ETHICS
 a. He shall carry with him at all times during his
tour of duty his license, identification card and duty
detail order with an authority to carry firearm;
 b. He shall not use his license and other privileges
if any, to the prejudice of the public, the client or
customer and his agency;
 c. He shall not engage in any unnecessary
conversation with anybody except in the discharge
of his duties or sit down unless required by the
nature of his work and shall at all times keep
himself alert during his tour of duty;
d. He shall refrain from reading newspapers,
magazines, books, etc, while actually performing
his duties;
e. He shall not drink any intoxicating liquor
immediately before and during his tour of duty;
f. He shall know the location of the alarm box near
his post and sound the alarm in case of fire or
disorder.
g. He shall know how to operate any fire
extinguisher at his post;
h. He shall know the location of the telephone
and/or telephone number of the police precincts
as well as the telephone numbers of the fire
stations in the locality;
i. He shall immediately notify the police in case of
any sign of disorder, strike, riot or any serious
violation of the law; 31
j. He or his group of guards, shall not participate
or integrate any disorder, strike, riot, or any
serious violations of the law;
k. He shall assist the police in the preservation
and maintenance of peace and order and in the
protection of life and property having in mind that
the nature of his responsibilities is similar to that
of the latter.
l. He shall familiarize himself by heart with the
Private Security Agency Law (RA 5487, as
amended) and these implementing rules and
regulations;
m. When issued a FA s he should not lend his FA s
to anybody.
n. He shall always be in proper uniform and shall
always carry with him his basic requirements, and
equipment’s such as writing notebook, ballpen,
night stick (baton) and/or radio.
o. He shall endeavor at all times, to merit and be
worthy of the trust and confidence of the agency
he represents and the client he serves.
 
ETHICAL STANDARD
As a security guard/detective his fundamental duty is
to serve the interest or mission of his agency in
compliance with the contract entered into with clients or
customers of the agency he is supposed to serve;
a. He shall be honest in thoughts and deeds both in his
personal and official actuations, obeying the laws of the
land and the regulations prescribed by his agency and
those established by the company he is supposed to
protect;
b. He shall not reveal any confidential information
confided to him as a security guard and such other
matters imposed upon him by law;
c. He shall act at all times with decorum and shall
not permit personal feelings, prejudices and
undue friendship to influence his actuation while in
the performance of his official functions;
d. He shall not compromise with criminals and
other lawless elements to the prejudice of the
customers or clients and shall assist the
government in its relentless drive against
lawlessness and other forms of criminality;
e. He shall carry out his assigned duties as
required by law to the best of his ability and shall
safeguard the life and property of the
establishment he is assigned to; 30
f. He shall wear his uniform, badge, patches and
insignia properly as a symbol of public trust and
confidence, as an honest and trustworthy security
guard and private detectives;
g. He shall keep his allegiance first to the
government, then to the agency where he is
employed and to the establishment he is assigned
to serve with loyalty and utmost dedication;
h. He shall diligently and progressively familiarize
himself with the rules and regulations laid down
by his agency and those of the customers or
clients;
i. He shall at all times be courteous, respectful
and salute his superior officers, government
officials and officials of the establishment where
he is assigned or the company he is supposed to
serve;
j. He shall report for duty always in proper
uniform and neat in his appearance; and
k. He shall learn at heart and strictly observe the
laws and regulations governing the use of
firearms.
 
ESSENTIALS QUALITIES OF
SECURITY GUARD
1.Alertness
2. Judgment
3. Confidence
4.Physical fitness
5.Tactfulness
6.Self-control
7. Interest, loyalty, responsible and
trustworthy
POWER AND DUTIES OF
SECURITY GUARD
1. Territorial power- Perform duties within the
firm or establishment with whom he or his
agency has a contract for services and shall not
go beyond the property or compound, except:
a. When required by the clientele in accordance
with the terms of their contract to escort big
sums of money or valuables or
b. In some cases, in hot pursuit of criminal
offenders.
2. Arrest by security guard- He is not a peace
officer and is not, therefore clothed with police
authority. However, he may effect arrest under
any of the ff:
a. When the person to be arrested has committed,
is actually committing or is about to commit an
offense in his presence.
b.When an offense has in fact beencommitted,
and he has a reasonable ground/personal
knowledge to believe that the person to be
arrested has committed it; or
c.When the person to be arrested is a prisoner
who has escaped from a penal establishment or
place where he is serving final judgment or
temporarily confined while his case is pending or
has escaped while being transferred from one
confinement to another.
3. Method of arrest- The watchman/security guard
or private detective shall inform the person to be
arrested of the intention to arrest him and cause
of the arrest, unless the person to be arrested is
as previously stated, or when the giving of such
information will imperil the arrest.
4. Duty of SG making arrest- He shall immediately
turn over the person arrested to the nearest peace
officer, police outpost or headquarters for custody
and/or appropriate action, or he may without
delay and within the time prescribed by Art.125 of
the RPC.
5. Search without warrant- Any security guard
may:
a.Incident of the arrest, search the person in the
presence of atleast two(2) witnesses.
b. Also search the person, firm or establishment
with which such search is required by the very
nature of the business of the clientele.
6. General scope of detective work- A private
detective shall operate on a covert type of mission
on a specific confidential order issued by his
agency. The nature of his mission may depend on
the contract between the client and the detective
agency. It shall include:
a. Personnel security investigation/background
investigation
b. Locating missing person
c. Surveillance work
d. other detective work as may become the
subject matter of contract between the agency
and its client provided it is not contrary to law,
public order, public policy, morale and good
customs.
7. General orders similar to AFP/PNP GO’s
8. Duty to assit law enforcers- Any security shall
be bound to assist any peace officer in the pursuit
of his bounding duty, when requested, provided it
is within the territorial jurisdiction of his (SG) area
of duty.
DUTIES DURING STRIKES
AND LOCK OUTS
a. All private security personnel in confrontation
with strikers, marchers, or demonstrators shall
not carry firearms. They may, at best carry
only nightsticks which may or may not be
provided with tear gas canister and dispenser.
b. Private security personnel shall avoid direct
contact , either physical or otherwise, with the
strikers.
c. Private security personnel shall stay only within
the perimeter of the installation which they are
protecting at all times.
d. Private security personnel, in protecting the
assets of and their clients, shall use only sufficient
and reasonable force necessary to overcome the
risk or danger posed by strikers or hostile crowd.
e. Private security personnel shall refrain from
abetting or assisting acts of management.
f. Private security personnel shall not enforce the
provision of revised Labor code pertaining to
strikes/lock-outs
g. Private security personnel on duty must at all
times be in complete uniform with their name and
agency’s name shown on their shirts above the
breast pocket.
USE OF FIREARMS AND EQUIPMENT

 After complying all the

requirements, PSAs are
entitled to possess firearms of
any of the ff:
 shotguns, not higher than 12
gauge;
 low-power rifle or revolvers,
cal. .22;
 cal. .38 pistols or revolvers not
exceeding one (1) FA for every
two (2) security guard in its
employ.
 PSA with 100 guards - at least 30 pieces of
licensed firearms. However, after operating
6 mos., the PSA can procure firearms in
proportion to the number of posted guards.
 For regular License to Operate (LTO)
application - at least 70 pieces of firearms.
 Use of firearms for Private Detective
Agency shall be OPTIONAL.
Restrictions
 The total number of the prescribed high-powered
firearms shall not exceed ten (10) percent of the
total numbers of guards employed.
 Private Security Agencies are not allowed to possess
high caliber guns/firearms such as: carbine; M16; Cal
45; center fire magnum cal .41 and .44; and high
caliber firearms, except: when such private PSA/CSF
is operating in areas where there is an upsurge of
lawlessness and criminality.
 Exception is granted by CPNP or Regional Director of
Regional Police Office under the following conditions:
Limitations
1. During his tour of duty when in proper
uniform within the compound of the
establishment, where he is assigned; and
2. Except, when he is escorting big amount of
cash or valuables, and upon prior
coordination with the nearest PNP
units/stations.
 Duty Detail Order or DDO – security personnel
on duties under the circumstances mentioned in
the preceding section must have DDO (SAGSD
Form No. 12-94).
Confiscation of firearms

1. about to be used in the commission of a crime;

2. actually being used in the commission of crime;
3. has just been used in the commission of a crime;
4. is being carried by the SG is unlicensed or not
authorized by law and regulation for his use;
5. confiscated by order of the court;
6. used or carried outside the AOR of the SG without
proper authority; or
7. the SG is unlicensed
Disposition of confiscated FA
 The law enforcement officer who
confiscated the FA shall inform the CPNP
thru CSG within 24 hours after such
confiscation.
 The firearm shall be turned over
immediately to the nearest PNP
Unit/Station who shall immediately turn
over the same to the CSG District Office.
 When the confiscation is by order of the
court, the same shall be turned over to the
court concerned.
 Revocation of license to
possess FAs

1. Failure to submit any issued FA for verification as

required by Sec. 897 of RAC;
2. Carrying of FAs by security personnel w/out
appropriate DDO;
3. When its serial number (SN) is duplicated or using
the SN for more than one firearm (FA);
4. Carrying of FAs outside the place stated in the permit
as required by E.O. or carrying FA in places
prohibited under the law;
5. Conviction of the operator or manager of the agency
of any crime involving moral turpitude; or
6. When the firearm was reported lost.
Stocking of ammunitions
 limited and reasonable
quantity that suits the need
of the Agency
 not exceed fifty (50) rounds
of ammunitions per unit of
duly licensed Fas.
 Individual issue to security
guard shall be limited to
twenty-five (25) rounds per
SG.
UNIFORM, EQUIPMENT AND
PARAPHERNALIA

 males - Headgear; service

shirt; service trousers;
service belt; and footwear.

 Light blue and/or white

service shirts for internal
guards for PSA;
 Light gray for company
security force; and
 White for government
security unit.
RANKS AND POSITIONS
 Security Management Staff
 Security Director (SD) - Agency Manager/Chief Security
Officer.
 Security Executive Director (SED) - Asst. Agency
Manager/asst. Chief Security Officer.
 Security Staff Director (SSD) - Staff Director for Operation
and Staff
 Director for Administration.
 Line Leadership Staff
 Security Supervisor 3 - Detachment Commanders
 Security Supervisor 2 - Chief Inspector
 Security Supervisor 1 – Inspector
 Security Guard
 Security Guard 1 - watchman/guard
 Security Guard 2 - Shift-in-charge
 Security Guard 3 - Post-in-charge
PERSONNEL IDENTIFICATION AND
MOVEMENT CONTROL

 In every installation, the use of protective

barriers, security lighting, communication and
electronic hardware provides physical
safeguards but these are insufficient to
maximize the effort of the guard force.
 A control point must be established for positive
personnel identification and check system.
 This is to insure that only those persons who
have the right and authority will be given the
necessary access to the area.
 Two (2) Types of Personnel Identification
1. Personal recognition – familiarity of the person’s
characteristics.
2. Artificial recognition- identification cards, passes,
passwords, etc.
 Use of Pass System
 Single pass system - the badge or pass coded for
authorization to enter specific areas is issued to an
employee who keeps it in his possession until his
authorization is terminates.
 Pass exchange system - an exchange takes place at
the entrance of each controlled area. Upon leaving the
personnel surrenders his badge or passes and retrieve
back his basic identification.
 Multiple pass system - this provides an extra
measure of security by requiring that an exchange take
place at the entrance of each restricted area.
PERSONNEL SECURITY
 designed to prevent unsuitable
individuals from gaining access to
classified matter or to any security
facility, and to prevent appointment,
or retention
Scope of Personnel Security

1. Personnel Security Investigation (PSI)

2. Security Education
WHAT IS PERSONNEL
SECURITY INVESTIGATION?

 an inquiry into the

character, moral,
reputation, integrity,
discretion and loyalty of
individual in order to
determine a person’s
suitability to be given
security clearance.
Types of Personnel Security
Investigation (PSI)

1. National Agency Check (NAC). – made upon the basis

of written information supplied by him in response to
official inquiry, and by reference to appropriate
national agencies. Ex:NICA, NBI, ISAFP or CIDG etc.

2. Local Agency Check (LAC) – written inquiries sent to

appropriate local government agencies, former
employees, references and schools listed by the
person under investigation. The local agencies
normally check besides the past employment,
schools and references
General Techniques of PSI
1.  Background Investigation (BI)- this technique is
very expensive but necessary in personnel security. It
serves to verify information on the application form and
to obtain other information pertinent to the decision to
employ.
2.  Positive Vetting- is the process of inspecting or
examining with careful thoroughness. The essence of
vetting that it is a personal interview conducted under
stress. It is based on information previously given by the
applicant. Other information issued during the interview,
such as those discovered in the BI, which confirms or
denies this given by the applicant.
3. Profiling- is the process whereby a subject’s reaction in
a future critical situation is predicted by observing his
behavior, or by interviewing him, or analyzing his
responses to a questionnaire, such as an honesty test.
The Reid Report is an example of honesty test.
4.  Deception Detection Techniques- this a process of
using devices in detecting deception during the interview
stage. This includes the use of a Polygraph,
Psychological Stress Evaluator and Voice Analyzer.
5.  Financial and Lifestyle Inquiry- this type of
investigation seeks to gather information on income and
mode of living, sometimes referred to as the earning-to-
debt ratio.
6.  Undercover Investigation- this is the
placement of an agent in a role in which the
agent’s true identity and role remains
unknown, in order to obtain information for
criminal prosecution or for recovery or
limitation of asset losses.

7. Exit Interview- this is a valuable tool because

it gives departing employees an opportunity to
list grievances.
SECURITY EDUCATION

 develop security
awareness among
employees of the
company.
 should cover all
regardless of rank
or position.
 Phases of Security
Education Program

1. Initial interview- first contact wherein the

interviewer determine the suitability of the
applicant
2. Orientation and Training- detailed
presentation of personnel security policy
3. Refresher Conference- remind
responsibilities, review guidelines and
policies, introduction of new policies
4. Security Reminders- indirect approach of
educating the employees
5. Security Promotion – emphasizing the
importance and role of security
DOCUMENT AND INFORMATION
SECURITY

 plays a significant role

in the daily operations
and activities of an
installation.
 Once the contents of a
company’s document
and information are
divulged the operational
stability is at stake.
DOCUMENT/ INFORMATION CYCLE

1. Creation
2. Classification
3. Storage
4. Retrieval
5. Retention/Purging
6. Transfer
7. Disposition
PERTINENT DEFINITON OF
TERMS
 Classified Information- this includes all
information concerning document,
cryptographic devices developed projects and
materials following on the categories of Top
Secret, Confidential or Restricted.

 Classified Matter- any information or material

in any form or of any nature, the safeguarding
of which is necessary in the interest of security
and which is classified for such purpose by the
responsible classifying authority.
 Classify- this refers to the assigning of
information or material, one of the four
security categories after determination has
been made that the information requires the
security protection as provided.
 Declassify- the act of removing the security
classification from classified information or
matter.
 Reclassifying or Regarding- refers to the act
of changing the assigned classification from
classified information or matter.
 Upgrading- refers to the act of assigning the
information or matter to the higher
classification than that previously assigned to
it.

 Compartmentation- refers to the grant of

access to the classified matter only to properly
cleared person when such classified
information is required in the performance of
their official duties.
 Need to know- is the dissemination of classified
information or matter to be limited strictly to those
person whose duties requires knowledge or possession
thereof.
  Unauthorized- refers to person not authorized to have
access on classified matters.
  Compromise- this takes place through the loss of
security, which results from unauthorized persons
obtaining knowledge of classified matters.
 Damage to National Security- refers to the prejudice,
embarrassment or injury to the country resulting from
act or omission.
Purpose of Protecting
Classified Materials

1. Deter and impede potential spy

2. Assist in security investigations by
keeping accurate records of the
moments of classified materials.
3. Enforce the use of “Need to Know”
principle
 Three (3) Security Concepts
1. Personnel are the weakest link in the
security chain.
2. Training is important to make
security personnel conscious and
realize the value of document.
3. Training is necessary for the practice
of “Need to Know” principle.
Four (4) Types of Classified
Matters

1. TOP SECRET (green color code) – is any

information and materials, the unauthorized
disclosure of it would cause exceptionally grave
damage to the nation, politically, economically
and military operation.
2.  SECRET (red color) – is any information and
material, the unauthorized disclosure of it
would endanger national security, causes
serious injury to the interest and prestige of
the nation of any government activity, or of
great advantage to a foreign country.
3. CONFIDENTIAL (blue color code) – is any
information or material, the unauthorized
disclosure of it would be prejudicial to the interest
and prestige of the national or governmental
activity or would cause administrative
embarrassment or unwanted injury to and be of
advantage to a foreign country.
4. RESTRICTED (white or no color) - is any
information and material which requires special
protection other than those determines
confidential, secret and top secret.
TYPES OF BUSINESS RECORDS

1. Class I (Vital Records) – liable records of which

reproduction does not have the same value as the original,
records needed to recover cash to replace buildings,
equipment, raw materials, finished products and records
needed to avoid delay in restoration of production, sales and
services.
2. Class II (Useful Records) - loss might cause inconvenience
but could be readily replaced and which would not in the
meantime present an insurmountable obstacle to the prompt
restoration of the business.
3. Class III (Important Records) – reproduction of which will
involve considerable expense and labor, or considerable delay.
Operating and statistical records belong to this class as well as
those to maintain check on efficiencies, operating costs, etc.
4. Class IV (Non-Essential Records) – These are the daily
files, routine in nature so that even if lost or destroyed, will
not affect operation or administration.
Rules for Classification of Documents

1. Documents shall be classified according to their

content.
2. The overall classification of a file or of a group
of physically connected therein. Pages,
paragraphs, sections or components thereof
may bear different classifications. Documents
separated from file or group shall be handled in
accordance with their individual classification.
3. Transmittal of documents or endorsements which do not
contain classified information or which contain information
classified lower than that of the preceding element or
enclosure shall include a notation for automatic
downgrading.
4. Correspondence, Indexes, receipts, reports of possession
transfer or destruction, catalogs, or accession list shall not
be classify if any reference to classified matter does not
disclosed classified information.
5. Classified matter obtained from other department shall
retain the same original classification.
  
  
 WHAT IS SECURITY
CLEARANCE?

 certification by a responsible authority that

the person described is cleared for access
to classified matter the appropriate level
 the administrative determination that an
individual is eligible for access to classified
matter.
 Need-to-know is the principle whereby
access to classified matter may only be
only given to those persons to whom it is
necessary for the fulfillment of their duties.
PROTECTION OF SENSITIVE
INFORMATION

 Proprietary information is information that in

some special way relates to the status or
activities of the possessor and over which the
possessor asserts ownership. In the business
community, proprietary information relates to
the structure, products or business methods of
the organization. It is usually protected in
some way against causal or general disclosure.
Types of Proprietary
Information

1. Trade Secrets- this consist of any formula, pattern,

device or compilation of information which is used in one’s
business and which gives him an opportunity to gain an
advantage over competitors who do not know or use it. It
may be a formula for a chemical compound, a process of
manufacturing, treating or preserving materials, a pattern for
machine or device, or a list of customers. It differs from other
secret information as to single or ephemeral events. A trade
secret is a process or device for continuous use in the
protection of the business.

2. Patents- this is a grant made by the government to an

inventor, conveying or securing to him the exclusive right to
make, use, or sell his invention for term of years.
RISKS ANALYSIS AND
SECURITY HAZARDS
What is Risk Analysis?
 the analysis of risk which includes
examinations of the vulnerability,
probability and criticality of potential
threats and include natural and man made
risk.
 Risk - potential damage or loss of an asset
 Vulnerability - weaknesses
 Probability - chance or likelihood that a loss will
take place.
 Criticality - impact of a loss as measured in
financial terms.
What is Security Hazard?
 act or condition which may result in
the compromise of information, loss
of life, loss or destruction of property
or disruption of the objective of the
installation.
 act or condition affecting the safe
operation of the facility caused by
human action accidental or
intentional.
What is Risk Management?
 a process of selecting and
implementing security
countermeasures to achieve an
acceptable level of risk at an
acceptable cost.
 Countermeasures - An action taken or a
physical security used to reduce or
eliminate one or more vulnerabilities.
RELATIVITY OF RISK AND SECURITY

 The extent and degree of risks to security is

dependent on the following:
 Relative criticality of operation – importance of
the firm with reference to the natural economy and
security. Ex: gasoline depots, communication
transmission lines, and power plants.
 Relative vulnerability – susceptibility of the plant
or establishment to damage, loss or disruption of
operation due to various hazards. A good example is
the location of the building; the machines; or
presence of possible poisons.
RISK MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES AND
STRATEGIES

1. Risk Avoidance – removing the risk totally from the

business. Ex: proper disposal of inflammable substances.
2. Risk Reduction – minimizing the probability of the
potential loss. Ex: construction of fences and similar
physical barriers.
3. Risk Spreading – spreading the risk through
decentralization to limit the impact (criticality) of the
potential loss. Ex: use of vaults or safes
4. Risk Transfer – moving the financial impact of the
potential loss-over to an insurance company. This is done
by availing of property and life insurances. Hiring security
agencies is also a good example of this.
5. Risk Self-assumption – planned assumption and
acceptance of the potential risk by making a deliberate
managerial decision of doing nothing about the threat, or
setting aside resources for use in case of loss
Pilferage as a Business
Hazard

 Pilferage is one of the most annoying and

common human hazards which security has to
deal with. This activity if uncontrolled can
become financial drain if not a menace to
smooth and orderly operation.
 Failure to detect shortage and inaccurate
inventories will cause inventory losses, which
may be labeled as pilferage.
Types of Pilferers

1.  Casual Pilferer- one who steals due to his inability to

resist the unexpected opportunity and has little fear of
detection is no plan or premeditation and he is usually a
“loner” on the job. The temptation to pick up the article
is basically due to poor security measure. The
implication of causal pilfering is the big cumulative cost
if it remains unchecked.
2.  Systematic Pilferer- one who steals with preconceived
plans and takes away any or all types of items or
supplies for economic gain. Pilferers of this kind can be
employees or outsiders of the establishment.
SECURITY SURVEY AND INSPECTION
 SECURITY SYSTEM – This is the set of policies,
procedures and rules and regulations designed to
reduce to an absolute minimum the possibility of
espionage, sabotage and compromise of classified
information of an office or a whole establishment.

 SECURITY SURVEY – This is also known as security

audit which is actually a fact-finding probe to
determine a plant’s adequacy and deficiency in all
aspects of security, with the corresponding
recommendations.
SECURITY INSPECTION
 – This is a check of how well existing
security measures and regulations
are being carried out within a
detachment or establishment. A
security inspection may also include
an investigation of alleged or
suspected security violations.
TYPES OF SECURITY
INSPECTIONS
1. Continuous Inspection-an on-going and
never ending activity.
2. Formal or Informal
 Formal Inspection - preceded by an
announcement
 Informal Inspection - understood by all and
accepted as part of the organizational life.
3. Structured or Unstructured Inspection
 Structured Inspection is one that moves
systematically from one area to the next and so
on.
 Unstructured inspection is conducted in a
random manner.