EEMOTIONS
MOTIONS
and
and
MOODS
MOODS
HUMAN
BEHAVIOR IN AN
EM 604 ORGANIZATION
Learning Objectives
– Differentiate emotions from moods, and list the basic emotions and
moods.
– Discuss whether emotions are rational and what functions they
serve.
– Identify the sources of emotions and moods.
– Show the impact emotional labor has on employees.
– Describe Affective Events Theory and identify its applications.
– Contrast the evidence for and against the existence of emotional
intelligence.
– Apply concepts about emotions and moods to specific OB issues.
– Contrast the experience, interpretation, and expression of emotions
across cultures.
Why Were Emotions Ignored in OB?
1.) The “Myth of Rationality”
– Emotions were seen as irrational
– Managers worked to make emotion-free environments
2.)View of Emotionality
– Emotions were believed to be disruptive
– Emotions interfered with productivity
– Only negative emotions were observed
*Now we know emotions can’t be separated from the workplace
What are emotions and moods?
Six Basic Emotion
1. Anger
2. Fear
3. Sadness
4. Happiness
5. Disgust
6. Surprise
Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect
High negative High positive
Affect tense alert
Affect
nervous excited
stressed elated
upset happy
sad content
depressed serene
bored relaxed
Low positive fatigued calm Low negative
affect affect
What Is the Function of Emotion?
Emotions can aid in our decision-making
process.Many researchers have shown that
emotions are necessary for rational
decisions.
Thinking + feeling = decision making
Sources of Emotion and Mood
1. Personality
– There is a trait component – affect intensity
2. Day and Time of the Week
– There is a common pattern for all of us
• Happier in the midpoint of the daily awake period
• Happier toward the end of the week
3. Weather
– Illusory correlation – no effect
4. Stress
– Even low levels of constant stress can worsen moods
5. Social Activities
– Physical, informal, and dining activities increase positive moods
6.Sleep
– Poor sleep quality increases negative affect
7.Exercise
– Does somewhat improve mood, especially for depressed
people
8.Age
– Older folks experience fewer negative emotions
9. Gender
– Women tend to be more emotionally expressive, feel
emotions more intensely, have longer-lasting moods, and
express emotions more frequently than do men
– Due more to socialization than to biology
Emotional Labor
An emlpoyee‘s expression of organizationally desired emotions
during interpersonal transactions at works.
Emotional Dissonance:
Employees have to project one emotion while simultaneously
feeling another
Can be very damaging and lead to burn out.
Felt vs Displayed Emotion
Felt Emotions :The actual individual‘s emotion
Displayed Emotion: Are those that the organizations
requires workers to show
2 levels of displayed emotion that can be express:They
called acting
1.)Surface Acting:Is hiding our true emotions
2.) Deep Acting: Is trying to change one‘s feelings
based on display rules – very stressful.
Emotional Intelligence
One‘s ability to detect and manage emotional cues and
information.
Five Dimension
*Self-awareness
*Self-management
*Self motivation
*Empathy
*Social Skills
Emotion Regulation
Identifying and modifying the emotions you feel
Change Emotion By:
*Thinking about more pleasant things
*Distracting your self
* Engaging in relaxation techniques
OB Applications of Emotions and Moods
1.)Selection:Employees should consider different factor in hiring for jobs
that demands a high degree of social interaction.
2.)Decision Making:Positive emotion can increase problem Solving skills
and help us understand and analyze new information
3.Creativity:Positive moods increase creativity
4.)Motivation:Organization that promotes positive moods are likely to
have a more motivated workforce
5.)Leadership:Emotions help convey messages more effectively
Even more OB Applications of emotions and moods
Safety and injury at work:Bad moods can contribute to injuries on the job.
Negotiation:Emotions may impair negotiator performance
Customer Service:Customers “catch” emotions from employee s,called
emotional contagion.
Job attitudes:Emotions at works get carried home but rarely carry over to
the next day.
Deviant Workplace Behavior:Those who feel negative emotions are more
likely to engage in deviant behavior at work.
How can Managers Influence Mood
*Use humor to lighten the moment
*Gives small tokens of Appreciation
*Stay in good mood themselves-lead by example
*Hire positive people
Implication for Managers
*Understand the role of emotions and moods to explain and
predict behavior
*Emotions and mood can increase motivation
*Emotional labor recognizes that certain feelings can be part of a
job‘s requirement.
*Intense emotion can interfere with performance of complex
jobs
Keep in Mind……….
*Positive emotion can increase problem solving skills.
*People with high emotional Intelligence may be more
effective in their jobs.
*Managers need to know the emotional norms for
each culture they do business with.
Global Implications
Do people experience emotion equally?
No.Culture can determine type,frequency ,and depth of experience
emotion
Do people interpret emotion the same way?
Yes,negative emotions are seen as undesirable and positive
emotion are desirable
However,value of each emotion varies across culture.
Do norms of emotional expression vary?
Yes.Some cultures has a bias against emotional expression,others
demand some display of emotion.
How the emotions are expressed may make interpretation
outside of one‘s culture difficult.
