Topic:- Posture
DR:MARYAM MEMON
LECTURER: JMIPRS
Posture
O Posture is a “position or attitude of the body
either with support during muscular inactivity,
or by the means of the co-ordinated action of
many muscles working to maintain stability
or to form an essential basis which is being
adapted constantly to the movement which is
supper-imposed upon it.
Continued..
O POSTURE acronym for east reference:
P:- Pelvis is neutral, with weight
distributed. O:- On the whole foot.
S:- Stable joints.
T:- Tight abdominals.
U:- Upright ribs.
R:- Retracted
shoulders
E:- Ear over shoulder
Types of Postures
O There are two types of
postures:
1. Inactive postures
2. Active postures
Static postures
Dynamic postures
Inactive Posture
O Attitude adopted for resting or sleeping.
O All essential muscular activity reduces
to minimum.
O Used for training general relaxation.
Active Postures
O Integrated activity or action of many
muscles
is required to maintain active posture
O It may be either Static or Dynamic.
Static posture Dynamic
posture
Continued..
Static posture Dynamic posture
O The body and O The body and its
its segments are segments are
aligned and constantly modified
and adjusted to meet
maintained in
the changing
certain position. circumstances which
O Constant pattern arise as the result of
of movement.
posture. O E.g.: Walking, running,
O E.g.: Standing, jumping, throwing
lying and sitting. and lifting.
The Postural Mechanism
O The postural mechanism
involves:
The Muscles
Nervous Control
The Muscles
Initiation Of Muscle Contraction
1. Depolarisation and calcium ion release.
2. Actin and myosin cross-bridge formation
3. Sliding mechanism of actin and myosin filaments.
4. muscle contraction (Sarcomere shortening)
Continued..
O The intensity and distribution of the muscle
work which is required for both static and
dynamic postures varies with the pattern of the
posture and the physical characteristics of the
individuals.
O The group of muscle are used to maintain the
erect position of the body, by working to
counteract the effects of gravity. They are
known as anti-gravity muscles.
Continued..
O These anti-gravity muscles present certain
structural characteristics to perform
function with efficiency and the minimum
of effort.
O Posture maintaining muscles contain more
of red muscle fibers, which are slowly
contracting and not easily fatigued.
O All muscle sin the body are mixed of red
and pale (white) muscles.
O Muscles of hands, eyes etc., has white
muscle
fibers which are easily fatigued.
Nervous Control
O Postures are maintained or adapted as a
result of neuromuscular co-ordination, the
appropriate muscles being innervated bye
means of a very complex reflex mechanism.
The Postural Reflex
O An efferent response to an afferent stimulus.
O The afferent response in this instance is a
motor one, the anti-gravity muscles being
the principal effector organs.
Continued..
O Afferent stimuli arise from a variety of
sources all over the body, the most important
receptors being situated in the muscles
themselves, the eyes and the ears.
1. The Muscles
2. The Eyes
3. The Ears
4. Joint Structures
Continued..
O The Muscles: Neuromuscular and
neurotendinous spindles within the
muscles record changing tension.
O The Eyes: Visual sensation records any
alternation in the position of the body
with regard to its surroundings.
O The Ears: Stimulation of the receptors of
the vestibular nerve results from the
movement of fluid contained in the
semicircular canals of the internal ear.
Continued..
O Joint Structures: In the weight-bearing
position approximation of bones stimulates
receptors in joint structures and elicits reflex
reactions to maintain the position.
O Skin sensation also plays a part, i.e. soles of
the feet, when the body in standing
position.
O Impulses from all these receptors are conveyed
and coordinated in the central nervous system.
The Pattern of Posture
O There are two patterns of posture, as
below:
1) Good / Correct posture
2) Poor / Faulty posture
Good Posture
O When the posture fulfills the purpose for
which it is used with maximum efficiency and
minimum effort.
O Varies from individual to individual.
O Perfect balance of one body segment
over another.
O Minimum muscular effort.
O Pleasing to someone’s eyes.
Development of good
posture
O Develops quite naturally
O Provide essential mechanisms for
its maintenance.
O Adjustment are intact and healthy.
Factors responsible for good
posture
o Stable Psychological Background
o Good Hygienic Conditions
o Opportunity for Plenty of natural
free
movement.
Poor Posture
O A posture which is inefficient, fails to serve
the purpose and in it unnecessary amount
of muscle effort used.
O Faulty alignment of body parts leading
to additional muscle work.
O Marked increase in curves of spine which
are displeasing to eye.
O Reduces the efficiency of movement.
Good and Faulty alignment in
standing and running
Continued..
Factors responsible for good posture
o Mental attitude.
o Poor hygienic condition.
o General disability and illness.
o Prolong fatigue.
Local Factors
o Pain.
o Muscular weakness.
o Occupational stress.
o Sometimes there may be faulty idea of
good posture.
Continued..
POOR BIO-MECHANICS
PAI
N
Re-education of Posture
O Principle:
o The cause of poor posture must be found out.
o Co-operation of Patient.
O Techniques of Re-education:
o General relaxation
o Treatment of pain
o Mobility
o Muscle power
Technique of Re-education
O Relaxation: The ability to relax is an
important factor in re-education, as some
degree of useless and unnecessary tension
is nearly always associated with poor
posture.
O EXAMPLES:
o Crook lying
o Prone lying
o Lying
o General relaxation
o Sitting etc.
Continued..
O Mobility: Mobility is maintained by
general free exercises which are rhythmical
in character and include full-range
movement of all joints.
O Muscle power: Free movement and
harmonious muscular development helps to
maintain their tone and efficiency.
O E.g. Work for upper back extensors and
scapula retractors.
ABNORMAL POSTURE
Improper curvature makes it difficult for the spine to do
the job of providing flexibility and shock absorption.
1. Forward head posture
2. Kyohosis
3. Lordosis
4. Scoliosis
5. Sway back posture / Slouched posture
6. Flat back Posture
7. Flat neck Posture
FORWARD HEAD POSTURE
•Ears are in front of the line for normal posture.
•Lots of strain on the neck and back.
KYPHOSIS
•Too much forward curve at the thoracic spine.
•Shoulders are rounded forward.
•Excessive rounding is undesirable.
LORDOSIS
•Excessive forward curve of the lumbar spine.
SCOLIOSIS
•Excessive curvature of the spine from side to
side.
Sway back posture / Slouched
posture
•It is faulty posture in which head becomes slightly
forward there is extension of cervical spine, flexion of
thoracic and loss of lordosis of lumbar spine.
•extension of hip and knee joint during standing are
also the feature of sway back posture pelvis rotates
posteriorly.
•In this there is increased pelvic inclination up to 40
FLAT BACK POSTURE
• Flat back is faulty posture in which whole lumbar
and thoracic spine gets flattened.
• Although the cause and symptom of both flat back
and sway back are common but can be differentiated
by excessive flexion and back ward deviation of the
upper thoracic spine in sway back posture while in
flat back posture spine become almost straight.
FLAT NECK POSTURE
• It is an abnormal posture which is characterized by
any increased upper flexion of the occiput on atlas
and decreased lordosis of the cervical spine.
• It may be seen with an exaggerated military
posture.
PREVENTION OF MUSCLE WASTING
1. Exercise : Exercise to build strength is one of the
main ways to prevent and treat muscle wasting.
2. Focused ultrasound therapy. Focused ultrasound
therapy is a relatively new treatment for muscle
wasting.
3. Nutritional therapy. Proper nutrition helps the body
build and retain muscle.
4. Physical therapy.
SPINAL INJURY PREVENTION
•Alternate arms carrying your book bag.
•Exercise and flexibility programs.
•Strengthening exercise programs.
•Proper lifting.
•Good postural habits.
•Back Supports.
THANK
YOU
