NAVIGATION AND

CHARTWORK
 Standard
• Comprehensive knowledge of charts,
chart symbols and chartwork
• Knowledge of bearings, ranges, fixes,
running fixes, set and drift
• Compass use
• Knowledge and use of nautical publications
• Navigate in all conditions with due regard
for good seamanship
 Standard
• Comprehensive knowledge of charts,
chart symbols and chartwork
• Knowledge of bearings, ranges, fixes,
running fixes, set and drift
• Compass use
• Knowledge and use of nautical publications
• Navigate in all conditions with due regard
for good seamanship
 Chart Information

FIRING PRACTICE ANDEXERCISEAREAS lXJNES OE PRATIOUES OE TIR er O'l;Xl;JICXcS

llmil'5 of Firing Pl'llctice and E11wcl11 A r t u . S.. Ln\1111ON de pratiQuesda Urer
Notlct to Merin""' Ne>. 35 of each yew. cf'e.xercicae.Con* sulter VA.vis aWt navlgateura n° 35
119 chlaue annee.
VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES SERVICES DETRAFICMAAITTME
Tr.iffio Sorvlces oal!lng.. Jn point wltti number.arrow Point d'a1:ii>el numerote J!Our les Service, d• trefic
indiouos dltocti<in of veuclmovement maritime: kl f l k h o lndique 14 dira:tion du mouve­
m1nt C:Su nal/ir1.
For addltiooel infom,talion concerning 1hese Pour p l u s d e r•nseignements concernant ces
9ervlces. tt-rvi-c e s , o n • u l t e r rAvb aux n1viga1e1.tr:t 11• 25
... Notice to Mariner& No. 25 of H eh year. de -chac:iue: a n n H .

FISHING VESSELS
Concentration of f'llhing ve111!1may b1 ,nc,:ount..
ered by di,y or l'i9h1 II\ lhll . . . . . . Ships !
Should
NAVll<ES EN TRAIN
Une conc.nttatlon
OCPECHERde b l t N u x de pAche peut otre
ritn<:01ltt•• d• Jour comma de oult dint cen1zone.
(
Ln n e v l r u dnrat1nt t 1r• t r••
n1vivate w, t h a r t 1 c u l t f C-lution and meintain a novfguentenet gefder une veme radio continue sur
prudont:t
<:ont,rn.101,11 OM1ning w i t c h o n 1 h • appropriato fr•quenca
le d6e;gn.. propre • la rane de tf.-ft0 du
dnig_nltedfrequency for the VTSTraffieZo-na;Hnot STM; t'ilt n-e IQnt pu dlna une zone de ttal'lo.
In I Traffic Zol'l6, t h en o n C n n e l t & (156.8 MH:il Us ut;liMrOnt le vole 1D (1G0.8 MHz).

llautial Miles/ Mihs 111rins

0 3
Metru / M iret
D 1:1000
 Chart Information

FIRING PRACTICE ANDEXERCISEAREAS lXJNES OE PRATIOUES OE TIR er O'l;Xl;JICXcS

llmil'5 of Firing Pl'llctice and E11wcl11 A r t u . S.. Ln\1111ON de pratiQuesda Urer
Notlct to Merin""' Ne>. 35 of each yew. cf'e.xercicae.Con* sulter VA.vis aWt navlgateura n° 35
119 chlaue annee.
VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES SERVICES DETRAFICMAAITTME
Tr.iffio Sorvlces oal!lng.. Jn point wltti number.arrow Point d'a1:ii>el numerote J!Our les Service, d• trefic
indiouos dltocti<in of veuclmovement maritime: kl f l k h o lndique 14 dira:tion du mouve­
m1nt C:Su nal/ir1.
For addltiooel infom,talion concerning 1hese Pour p l u s d e r•nseignements concernant ces
9ervlces. tt-rvi-c e s , o n • u l t e r rAvb aux n1viga1e1.tr:t 11• 25
... Notice to Mariner& No. 25 of H eh year. de -chac:iue: a n n H .

FISHING VESSELS
Concentration of f'llhing ve111!1may b1 ,nc,:ount..
ered by di,y or l'i9h1 II\ lhll . . . . . . Ships !
Should
NAVll<ES EN TRAIN
Une conc.nttatlon
OCPECHERde b l t N u x de pAche peut otre
ritn<:01ltt•• d• Jour comma de oult dint cen1zone.
(
Ln n e v l r u dnrat1nt t 1r• t r••
n1vivate w, t h a r t 1 c u l t f C-lution and meintain a novfguentenet gefder une veme radio continue sur
prudont:t
<:ont,rn.101,11 OM1ning w i t c h o n 1 h • appropriato fr•quenca
le d6e;gn.. propre • la rane de tf.-ft0 du
dnig_nltedfrequency for the VTSTraffieZo-na;Hnot STM; t'ilt n-e IQnt pu dlna une zone de ttal'lo.
In I Traffic Zol'l6, t h en o n C n n e l t & (156.8 MH:il Us ut;liMrOnt le vole 1D (1G0.8 MHz).

llautial Miles/ Mihs 111rins

0 3
Metru / M iret
D 1:1000
 Chart Information

FIRING PRACTICE ANDEXERCISEAREAS lXJNES OE PRATIOUES OE TIR er O'l;Xl;JICXcS

llmil'5 of Firing Pl'llctice and E11wcl11 A r t u . S.. Ln\1111ON de pratiQuesda Urer
Notlct to Merin""' Ne>. 35 of each yew. cf'e.xercicae.Con* sulter VA.vis aWt navlgateura n° 35
119 chlaue annee.
VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES SERVICES DETRAFICMAAITTME
Tr.iffio Sorvlces oal!lng.. Jn point wltti number.arrow Point d'a1:ii>el numerote J!Our les Service, d• trefic
indiouos dltocti<in of veuclmovement maritime: kl f l k h o lndique 14 dira:tion du mouve­
m1nt C:Su nal/ir1.
For addltiooel infom,talion concerning 1hese Pour p l u s d e r•nseignements concernant ces
9ervlces. tt-rvi-c e s , o n • u l t e r rAvb aux n1viga1e1.tr:t 11• 25
... Notice to Mariner& No. 25 of H eh year. de -chac:iue: a n n H .

FISHING VESSELS
Concentration of f'llhing ve111!1may b1 ,nc,:ount..
ered by di,y or l'i9h1 II\ lhll . . . . . . Ships !
Should
NAVll<ES EN TRAIN
Une conc.nttatlon
OCPECHERde b l t N u x de pAche peut otre
ritn<:01ltt•• d• Jour comma de oult dint cen1zone.
(
Ln n e v l r u dnrat1nt t 1r• t r••
n1vivate w, t h a r t 1 c u l t f C-lution and meintain a novfguentenet gefder une veme radio continue sur
prudont:t
<:ont,rn.101,11 OM1ning w i t c h o n 1 h • appropriato fr•quenca
le d6e;gn.. propre • la rane de tf.-ft0 du
dnig_nltedfrequency for the VTSTraffieZo-na;Hnot STM; t'ilt n-e IQnt pu dlna une zone de ttal'lo.
In I Traffic Zol'l6, t h en o n C n n e l t & (156.8 MH:il Us ut;liMrOnt le vole 1D (1G0.8 MHz).

llautial Miles/ Mihs 111rins

0 3
Metru / M iret
D 1:1000
 Chart Information

FIRING PRACTICE ANDEXERCISEAREAS lXJNES OE PRATIOUES OE TIR er O'l;Xl;JICXcS

llmil'5 of Firing Pl'llctice and E11wcl11 A r t u . S.. Ln\1111ON de pratiQuesda Urer
Notlct to Merin""' Ne>. 35 of each yew. cf'e.xercicae.Con* sulter VA.vis aWt navlgateura n° 35
119 chlaue annee.
VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES SERVICES DETRAFICMAAITTME
Tr.iffio Sorvlces oal!lng.. Jn point wltti number.arrow Point d'a1:ii>el numerote J!Our les Service, d• trefic
indiouos dltocti<in of veuclmovement maritime: kl f l k h o lndique 14 dira:tion du mouve­
m1nt C:Su nal/ir1.
For addltiooel infom,talion concerning 1hese Pour p l u s d e r•nseignements concernant ces
9ervlces. tt-rvi-c e s , o n • u l t e r rAvb aux n1viga1e1.tr:t 11• 25
... Notice to Mariner& No. 25 of H eh year. de -chac:iue: a n n H .

FISHING VESSELS
Concentration of f'llhing ve111!1may b1 ,nc,:ount..
ered by di,y or l'i9h1 II\ lhll . . . . . . Ships !
Should
NAVll<ES EN TRAIN
Une conc.nttatlon
OCPECHERde b l t N u x de pAche peut otre
ritn<:01ltt•• d• Jour comma de oult dint cen1zone.
(
Ln n e v l r u dnrat1nt t 1r• t r••
n1vivate w, t h a r t 1 c u l t f C-lution and meintain a novfguentenet gefder une veme radio continue sur
prudont:t
<:ont,rn.101,11 OM1ning w i t c h o n 1 h • appropriato fr•quenca
le d6e;gn.. propre • la rane de tf.-ft0 du
dnig_nltedfrequency for the VTSTraffieZo-na;Hnot STM; t'ilt n-e IQnt pu dlna une zone de ttal'lo.
In I Traffic Zol'l6, t h en o n C n n e l t & (156.8 MH:il Us ut;liMrOnt le vole 1D (1G0.8 MHz).

llautial Miles/ Mihs 111rins

0 3
Metru / M iret
D 1:1000
 Chart Information

FIRING PRACTICE ANDEXERCISEAREAS lXJNES OE PRATIOUES OE TIR er O'l;Xl;JICXcS

llmil'5 of Firing Pl'llctice and E11wcl11 A r t u . S.. Ln\1111ON de pratiQuesda Urer
Notlct to Merin""' Ne>. 35 of each yew. cf'e.xercicae.Con* sulter VA.vis aWt navlgateura n° 35
119 chlaue annee.
VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES SERVICES DETRAFICMAAITTME
Tr.iffio Sorvlces oal!lng.. Jn point wltti number.arrow Point d'a1:ii>el numerote J!Our les Service, d• trefic
indiouos dltocti<in of veuclmovement maritime: kl f l k h o lndique 14 dira:tion du mouve­
m1nt C:Su nal/ir1.
For addltiooel infom,talion concerning 1hese Pour p l u s d e r•nseignements concernant ces
9ervlces. tt-rvi-c e s , o n • u l t e r rAvb aux n1viga1e1.tr:t 11• 25
... Notice to Mariner& No. 25 of H eh year. de -chac:iue: a n n H .

FISHING VESSELS
Concentration of f'llhing ve111!1may b1 ,nc,:ount..
ered by di,y or l'i9h1 II\ lhll . . . . . . Ships !
Should
NAVll<ES EN TRAIN
Une conc.nttatlon
OCPECHERde b l t N u x de pAche peut otre
ritn<:01ltt•• d• Jour comma de oult dint cen1zone.
(
Ln n e v l r u dnrat1nt t 1r• t r••
n1vivate w, t h a r t 1 c u l t f C-lution and meintain a novfguentenet gefder une veme radio continue sur
prudont:t
<:ont,rn.101,11 OM1ning w i t c h o n 1 h • appropriato fr•quenca
le d6e;gn.. propre • la rane de tf.-ft0 du
dnig_nltedfrequency for the VTSTraffieZo-na;Hnot STM; t'ilt n-e IQnt pu dlna une zone de ttal'lo.
In I Traffic Zol'l6, t h en o n C n n e l t & (156.8 MH:il Us ut;liMrOnt le vole 1D (1G0.8 MHz).

llautial Miles/ Mihs 111rins

0 3
Metru / M iret
D 1:1000
 Chart Information

FIRING PRACTICE ANDEXERCISEAREAS lXJNES OE PRATIOUES OE TIR er O'l;Xl;JICXcS

llmil'5 of Firing Pl'llctice and E11wcl11 A r t u . S.. Ln\1111ON de pratiQuesda Urer
Notlct to Merin""' Ne>. 35 of each yew. cf'e.xercicae.Con* sulter VA.vis aWt navlgateura n° 35
119 chlaue annee.
VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES SERVICES DETRAFICMAAITTME
Tr.iffio Sorvlces oal!lng.. Jn point wltti number.arrow Point d'a1:ii>el numerote J!Our les Service, d• trefic
indiouos dltocti<in of veuclmovement maritime: kl f l k h o lndique 14 dira:tion du mouve­
m1nt C:Su nal/ir1.
For addltiooel infom,talion concerning 1hese Pour p l u s d e r•nseignements concernant ces
9ervlces. tt-rvi-c e s , o n • u l t e r rAvb aux n1viga1e1.tr:t 11• 25
... Notice to Mariner& No. 25 of H eh year. de -chac:iue: a n n H .

FISHING VESSELS
Concentration of f'llhing ve111!1may b1 ,nc,:ount..
ered by di,y or l'i9h1 II\ lhll . . . . . . Ships !
Should
NAVll<ES EN TRAIN
Une conc.nttatlon
OCPECHERde b l t N u x de pAche peut otre
ritn<:01ltt•• d• Jour comma de oult dint cen1zone.
(
Ln n e v l r u dnrat1nt t 1r• t r••
n1vivate w, t h a r t 1 c u l t f C-lution and meintain a novfguentenet gefder une veme radio continue sur
prudont:t
<:ont,rn.101,11 OM1ning w i t c h o n 1 h • appropriato fr•quenca
le d6e;gn.. propre • la rane de tf.-ft0 du
dnig_nltedfrequency for the VTSTraffieZo-na;Hnot STM; t'ilt n-e IQnt pu dlna une zone de ttal'lo.
In I Traffic Zol'l6, t h en o n C n n e l t & (156.8 MH:il Us ut;liMrOnt le vole 1D (1G0.8 MHz).

llautial Miles/ Mihs 111rins

0 3
Metru / M iret
D 1:1000
Standard Chartwork
Symbols
0 Fix

A Estimated Position

+ Dead Reckoning Position

- - - - ) Course Steered

)) Course made
good

))) Set and drift

Standard Chartwork
Symbols
0 Fix

A Estimated Position

+ Dead Reckoning Position

- - - - ) Course Steered

)) Course made
good

))) Set and drift

Descriptions
 Taking Visual Fixes
• Visual fixes with bearing taken at the
same time.
• Take bearings on the beam first, and
those directly ahead or astern last.
• When measuring objects to determine a
line of position, measure first those which
have the greatest rate of change in the
quantity being measured; measure last those
which have the least rate of change in that
quantity.
 Dead Reckoning
A method to forecast where the vessel will be,
knowing true course and speed alone
Fix
1010 DR

Course 100'i1iTm @ 30 20 minutes at 30 knots= 10nm

knots
 Estimated Position
A method to forecast where the vessel will be,
knowing true course and speed, set and drift
Fix
EP
1010
1030

Course 1 0 0 & T @ 30 knots 20 minutes at 0 knots = 10nm

Set 040°T at 6 knots 20 minutes at 6 knots = 2nm
 Allowing for Set and Drift
A method to maintain the desired track allowing
for set and drift
Fix Course to make good 100
&T
1010
Speed made good 31.5 knots

Course to steer
115innT Speed 30
knots

Set 040°T
 Running
Fix
A method to find the vessel with two
bearings off the same object or two
different objects
Running Fix 1
 Running Fix 2

Lay off second bearing taken at 1015

1000 B e a r i n g \ -
,J?S ):aiJ.•

1015 Bearing 2 0..79- ·,

......
.

T
Running Fix 3

,
" ' 'I•
/ - .... .
Running Fix 4
Running Fix 5
Fixes and Cocked
Hats The size of the
cocked hat gives
an indication of the
accuracy of the fix
Fix
 Compass Work
• Remember that the hand bearing
compass will have different deviation from
the vessels steering compass.

180°C
 Compass Work
• Remember that the hand bearing
compass will have different deviation from
the vessels steering compass.

180°C
 Compass Work
• Remember that the hand bearing
compass will have different deviation from
the vessels steering compass.

180°C
 Compass Work
• Remember that the hand bearing
compass will have different deviation from
the vessels steering compass.

180°C
 Compass Work
• Remember that the hand bearing
compass will have different deviation from
the vessels steering compass.

180°C
 Compass Work
• Remember that the hand bearing
compass will have different deviation from
the vessels steering compass.

180°C
 Radar Navigation
• Racons are receiver/transmitter (R/T)
transponder devices that can be used as a
navigation aid that shows on the radar
screen.
• Racons and their identifying Morse mark
are indicated on marine charts.
• Measure the range to the racon from the
first dot or dash nearest your own vessel on
the screen.
 Radar Navigation
• Racons are receiver/transmitter (R/T)
transponder devices that can be used as a
navigation aid that shows on the radar
screen.
• Racons and their identifying Morse mark
are indicated on marine charts.
• Measure the range to the racon from the
first dot or dash nearest your own vessel on
the screen.
 Radar Navigation
• Racons are receiver/transmitter (R/T)
transponder devices that can be used as a
navigation aid that shows on the radar
screen.
• Racons and their identifying Morse mark
are indicated on marine charts.
• Measure the range to the racon from the
first dot or dash nearest your own vessel on
the screen.
 Radar Navigation
• Racons are receiver/transmitter (R/T)
transponder devices that can be used as a
navigation aid that shows on the radar
screen.
• Racons and their identifying Morse mark
are indicated on marine charts.
• Measure the range to the racon from the
first dot or dash nearest your own vessel on
the screen.
 Radar Navigation
• Racons are receiver/transmitter (R/T)
transponder devices that can be used as a
navigation aid that shows on the radar
screen.
• Racons and their identifying Morse mark
are indicated on marine charts.
• Measure the range to the racon from the
first dot or dash nearest your own vessel on
the screen.
 Radar Visibility
• As such, care needs to be taken
when measuring radar ranges over the
radar
horizon, unless the range being measured is
a charted vertical face.
 Radar Visibility
• As such, care needs to be taken
when measuring radar ranges over the
radar
horizon, unless the range being measured is
a charted vertical face.
Detection Ranges
 Detection Ranges for
Low Antenna
• Heights
Tankers, bulk carriers, cruise ships 9-12 nm
• Freighters, cargo ships, medium warships 6-9
nm
• Lightships 4-7 nm
• Trawlers, coasters, small warships 3-6 nm
• Metal-hulled boats 3-4 nm
• Wood, fiberglass boats with radar reflectors 2-4
nm
• Large sized buoys with reflector 3-5 nm
• Large sized buoys without reflector 2-3 nm