ELECTRONIC
COMPONENTS
GROUP 2
WHAT IS THE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
• An electronic component is any basic discrete device or
physical entity in an electronic system used to affect electrons
or their associated fields.
DIODE
• A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts
current primarily in one direction; it has low resistance in one
direction, and high resistance in the other
DIODE
ZENER DIODE
• A Zener diode is a special type of diode designed to reliably allow current to flow
"backwards" when a certain set reverse voltage, known as the Zener voltage, is
reached. zener diodes are manufactured with a great variety of Zener voltages and
some are even variable.
ZENER DIODE
AVALANCHE DIODES
• Avalanche diodes are diodes that conduct in the reverse direction
when the reverse-bias voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage,
similar to zener diodes in operation.
AVALANCHE DIODES
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES
• A light-emitting diode (LED) is similar in operation to the diode, except
the LED emits light when it is forward biased. An LED has a small lens
built into it so that light can be seen when current flows through it.
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES
PHOTO DIODES
• A photo diode also allows current to flow in one direction only.
However, the direction of current flow is opposite a standard diode.
Reverse current flow only occurs when the diode receives a specific
amount of light.
PHOTO DIODES
CLAMPING DIODES
• Whenever the current flow through a coil (such as used in a
relay or solenoid) is discontinued, a voltage surge or spike is
produced. This surge results from the collapsing of the
magnetic field around the coil.
TRANSISTOR
• A transistor is a miniature semiconductor that regulates or controls
current or voltage flow in addition amplifying and generating these
electrical signals and acting as a switch/gate for them. Typically,
transistors consist of three layers, or terminals, of a semiconductor
material, each of which can carry a current.
TRANSISTOR
TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS
• A transistor can be used in an amplifier circuit to amplify the
voltage. This is useful when using a very small voltage for
sensing computer inputs but needing to boost that voltage to
operate an accessory
SIMPLE AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT
PHOTOTRANSISTORS
• A phototransistor is a transistor that is sensitive to light. In a
phototransistor, a small lens is used to focus incoming light
onto the sensitive portion of the transistor. When light strikes
the transistor, holes and free electrons are formed.
PHOTOTRANSISTORS
THYRISTORS
• A Thyristor is a semiconductor switching device composed of
alternating N and P layers. It can be used to rectify current
from AC to DC, and to control power to light dimmers, motor
speed controls, solid-state relays, and other applications
where power control is needed.
THYRISTORS
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
• An integrated circuit (IC) is a complex circuit of thousands of
transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors, and other electronic
devices that are formed onto a tiny silicon chip
CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES
• Most automotive electrical circuits are protected from high
current flow that would exceed the capacity of the circuit’s
conductors and/or loads. Excessive current results from a
decrease in the circuit’s resistance.
FUSES
• The most commonly used circuit protection device is the fuse, A
fuse is a replaceable element that contains a metal strip that will
melt when the current flowing through it exceeds its rating.
FUSIBLE LINKS
• Fusible links are made of meltable conductor material with a
special heat-resistant insulation When there is an overload in
the circuit, the conductor link melts and opens the circuit.
FUSIBLE LINKS
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
• A circuit that is susceptible to an overload on a
routine basis is usually protected by a circuit breaker.
A circuit breaker uses a bimetallic strip that reacts to
excessive current
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
PTCS AS CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES
• Automotive engineers are faced with conflicting needs to provide reliable circuit
protection against shorts to ground or other overload conditions yet at the same time to
reduce vehicle weight and cost.
THANK YOU
