Spring 2024
Turbomachinery
Chapter 1
Introduction to Turbomachinery
Dr. Ajit Patki (AJ)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Lamar University
aapatki@lamar.edu
Fluid Machines
A fluid machine is a device which converts the energy stored by
a fluid into mechanical energy or vice versa .
Positive Displacement Machines
Positive displacement Pump/Compressor
Gear Pump
Definition of a Turbomachine
Pump, Compressor (Centrifugal),
Turbines
Fan, Jet engine
Compressor
Why we need turbomachines?
Why you need to study them?
Steam
Turbine
Fluid Machines
Positive Displacement Machine Turbomachine
Reciprocating pump/compressor Centrifugal pump/compressor
Physical barrier exist between No physical barrier between inlet
inlet and outlet. and outlet.
The inlet and outlet ports are not The inlet and outlet ports are
open simultaneously. always open.
Pressure difference can be large Possibility of leakage.
without leakage. Operating range is limited.
No continues flow. Continues flow.
Classification of Turbomachines
a) Based on Mode of Transfer of Energy
Shaft power to fluid Fluid energy to shaft
Absorb power to Produce power by expanding or
increase the fluid transferring fluid to lower pressure or
pressure head
Pump
Fan Turbines
Compressor
Classification of Turbomachines
b) Based on Working Medium
Deals with liquids Deals with vapor or gases
(water, oil) (steam, air)
Classification of Turbomachines
c) Based on Type of Flow
Axial Flow Radial Flow Mixed Flow
the path of the fluid- The path of the fluid- Both radial and axial
flow is parallel to the flow is mainly in a velocity components are
axis of rotation plane perpendicular to present in significant
the rotation axis, amounts.
Some examples of Turbomachines
Axial Flow Turbines
Steam Turbines
High Pressure Steam Turbine Low Pressure Steam Turbine
Steam Turbine Services - Houston Facility
Some examples of Turbomachines
Axial Flow Turbines
Gas Turbine
A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal
combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled
to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in between.
Compressor Combustion Turbine
Chamber
Some examples of Turbomachines
A windmill is a machine which was used to convert wind power to mechanical
power. Centuries ago, windmills usually were used to mill grain, pump water, or
both.
A modern wind turbine is a device which converts the power available in the wind
into electricity.
Wind turbine
Types of Wind Turbine
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
(HAWT) (VAWT)
Some examples of Turbomachines
Water Turbines
Kaplan Turbine
The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type
water turbine which has adjustable
blades.
It was developed in 1913 by Austrian
professor Viktor Kaplan.
Flow type — Axial flow turbine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0p03UTgpnDU
Some examples of Turbomachines
Pelton Wheel
The Pelton wheel is an impulse type
water turbine.
It was invented by Lester Allan Pelton in
the 1870s.
The Pelton wheel extracts energy from
the impulse of moving water, as opposed
to water's dead weight like the traditional
overshot water wheel.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rf9meqw2SQA
Some examples of Turbomachines
Francis Turbine
The Francis turbine is an inward-flow
reaction turbine that combines radial
and axial flow.
It was developed by James
B. Francis in Lowell, Massachusetts in
1849.
Francis turbines are the most common
water turbine in use today.
Comparison of turbines
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0BLOKEZ3KU
Some Important Issues about the Course
Homework and Pop Quizzes 05%
Course Project 15%
Exams (2) 40% (20%, 20%)
Final (Comprehensive) 30%
Attendance 10%
90~100% -- “A”
80~89% -- “B” or better Attendance is required. Students are
responsible for all the work missed due
70~79% -- “C” or better
to their absence. Students with perfect
60~69% -- “D” or better attendance will receive 10 points
0~59% -- “F” toward their final score. The points will
be deducted for each unexcused
absence.
Buy/Borrow the Book
Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery, Seventh Edition 7th Edition
by S Larry Dixon B.Eng. Ph.D. (Author), Cesare Hall Ph.D. (Author)
Some Suggestions
Attend the class regularly –unless there is a very
critical event
Take notes during the class
Preview and review the class material (? 30 min)
Ask questions if you don’t understand
Finish homework on time
Form a study team/group
Bring your calculator
Food — for all?
Home work
Find and watch any YouTube video on following topics:
1) Turbine (any turbine — steam, water, gas, wind)
2) Pump or compressor
Write in your own words:
Explain what the video is about and what do you understand
from it (less than 120 words)
Rate the video out of 10
