Q1: MODULE 2

Identifying the Problem and Asking the

Solution
I. Introduction:
Research writing requires much preparation
particularly in creating an efficient planning matrix
that covers from the conceptualization of your
research topic to the presentation of your output to
the board of panelists. For this reason, you, as a
researcher, really need to be extra careful in making
preparations for your research work. You need to
understand every part of worksheets and data needed
for a plan. This lesson will surely be of great help to
you especially in making a good research plan.
II. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson you are expected to formulate clearly
the statement of research problem with the following parts:
(week 2)
1. Background of the problem
2. Conceptual Framework
3. Research Hypothesis (for quantitative research)
4. Statement of the problem
5. Definition of terms
6. Importance of the study
7. Scope and limitations of the study
III. Vocabulary List:
The following vocabulary list will be useful as you study the
learning activities of this module

 Analysis
The process of breaking up a concept, proposition, linguistic
complex, or fact into its simple or ultimate constituents.
 Anticipated relationship
Male subjects were told that they would be either
cooperating or competing with either a likeable or dislikeable
partner.
 Copyright ownership
Owners hold specific rights but not all rights.
 Closed-ended question
Closed ended questions are the foundation of all statistical
analysis techniques applied on questionnaires and surveys.
 Cross-checking
To make certain that information, a calculation, etc. is
correct, by asking a different person or using a different
method of calculation.
 Ethics in research
Ethics should be applied on all stages of research, such as
planning, conducting and evaluating a research project.
 General problem solver
Characterizes the steps that can be followed by any
discipline when approaching and rationally solving a
problem.
 Hypothesis
Hypothesis is a suggested answer to the problem.
 Quantifiable data
The value of data in the form of counts or
numbers where each data-set has a unique
numerical value associated with it.

 Replication
Is repeating a study’s procedure and observing
whether the prior finding recurs.
 Rights to privacy
An individual's legal right, not explicitly provided in
the United States Constitution, to be left alone and
live life free from unwarranted publicity.

 Scholarly context

Prior to writing an academic paper, the writer must

investigate and study scholars’ arguments
thoroughly and critically.
IV. Pre-test
Directions: To acquire substantial knowledge on some
topics in this lesson, activate your schemata about the
underlined word in each sentence. Get clues from its
use in the sentence. Write your answer in a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Demonstrate through a hand gesture the
magnitude of the screen that you think is enough to
block the window.
Meaning: ­
________________________________________________
2. In looks, Malaysians are analogous to Filipinos,
but in language, they are not.
Meaning:
_______________________________________________
3. Please use precise words to explain your point for
the listeners’ quick understanding of your ideas.
Meaning:
________________________________________________
4. The plastic bag becomes inflated with much air
blown into it; deflated, with
air released from such container.
Meaning:
_______________________________________________
5. A person experiences moral instability if he does
not pattern his life after
Jesus Christ, the way, the truth, and the life.
Meaning:
_______________________________________________
V. Learning Activities

A good research paper shows strong points not

only in its content and information but also in its
presentation and technicalities. Bear in mind that
research writing is a bit different from other
writing activities since it requires accuracy and
authenticity. It is an academic writing that
prepares you to become an academic writer and a
good researcher.
Instructions: Read and analyze each element of research agenda below:

Elements of Research Agenda

 Purpose of this Paper

The purpose of this paper is to provide a
background information specifically to Senior High
School (SHS) Research Project. It also gives the
post-employment benefits and the staff’s
suggestions for a preliminary scope and approach.
 Structure of the Research Agenda

A. Background of the study.

B. Consideration of the issues that may arise.

C. Expected difficulties relating to this research paper

D. Preliminary Scope

E. Methodology/Approach

F. Interaction with other research project.

 Writing a Background of the Study

A well-written background will provide your

study with a context and prompt the readers to
read the rest of your paper. Make your own
background of the study by adopting the
templates. Write in a sheet of paper or send a
soft copy to your group mates for additional
information and revision then send to your
teacher.
 Writing a Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework is an analytical

tool with several variations and contexts. It
can be applied in different categories of work
where an overall picture is needed. It is used
to make conceptual distinctions and
organize ideas.
 Present an Example of a theoretical framework and a
conceptual framework of your study. Write in a sheet of
paper or send a soft copy to your teacher. Follow the
format below.
 Research Hypothesis
Hypothesis is a suggested answer to the problem. It may be
defined as an expectation about events based on generalizations
of the assumed relationship between variables (Aquino, 1992) or
difference between groups. Other authors defined it as an
educated or intelligent guess or prediction about the existence,
attribute or relationship between variables (characteristics or
phenomena) or difference between groups covered by a study. It
is described as educated or intelligent guess since it has been
formulated on the basis of well thought objectives, which require
critical reviews of literature and studies about the subject
matter.
 Statement of the Problem
The problem studied must be shown as one, which
arose from a situation of need or of unresolved
difficulties. The reader must be made to recognize this
need. The statement of the problem has the following
characteristics:

1. The problem should be stated precisely, accurately,

and clearly.

2. It can be stated either in the declaration or

interrogation form.
 3. It can be either one main
statement/question, or a series of
statements/questions, or a combination of
these forms.
4. The problem should be defined in terms of
the data that can be obtained

SOURCE: Aquino, Gaudencio. (1974). Essentials of Research and Thesis Writing. Alemars
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City
Instruction: Make your own Statement of the Problem, write in a separate
sheet of paper or softcopy after finalization with your groupmates send the
soft copy to your teacher. Please observe the proper formulation of
statement of the problem as illustrated below.
Example of Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the cultural dynamism of Manide
Indigenous People in Osmeña, Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte.
Specifically, this seeks answers to the following questions:
1. What is the historical development of the Manide tribe in terms of:
1.1 Socio-economic status
1.2 Education
2.3 Government Programs and Activities
1.4 Traditions, Beliefs and Practices
2. What are the factors affecting cultural
dynamism of the Manide tribe along:
2. 1 Technological
2. 2 Environmental Factor
2. 3 Resistance Factor
2. 4 Values Conversion
3.What are the implications of this study to the
cultural preservation of the Manides tribe?
4. What supplementary teaching and learning
guide can be prepared based from the findings of
the study?
SOURCE: Balderama, Floricel M., Cultural Dynamism of Manide Indigenous People of Jose
Panganiban, Published Masters Thesis, RACE International Publishing, 2018
 Importance of the Study
The importance of the study as the part of
the research which justifies the launching of the
research project. It is in this section where the
researcher expresses his persuasion about the
value of the study so as to get the approval of the
screening and approving committee. The
importance of the study should contain the
following:
1. Contribution to the accumulation of knowledge or to
filling up a knowledge gap;
2. Contribution to building, validating or refining
theories;
3. Finding a solution to a problem of a specific group
or improving certain conditions;
4. Contribution to improve education, income, health,
inter-relations, and the like.

SOURCE: Estolas, J & Daisy Boquiren (1995). Fundamentals of Research. Manila: Miranda &
Sons, Inc.
Instruction: Make your own Importance of the
Study, write in a separate sheet of paper or
softcopy after finalization with your groupmates
send the soft copy to your teacher.

Scope and Delimitation

Scope and delimitations comprise one

important section of a research paper.
Scope.
The scope defines the coverage or boundaries of
the study in terms of the area or locality and subjects,
population covered the duration or period of the study.
The nature of variables treated, their number, and
treatments they received, and instruments or research
design should be so stated.
Delimitation. Delimitations are those conditions
beyond the control of the researcher that may place
restriction on the conclusions of the study and their
application to other situations. Administrative policies
that preclude using more than one class in an
experiment, a data-gathering instrument that has not
been validated, or the inability to randomly select and
 subjects to experimental and control groups are
examples of limitations. Stating the study limitations
not only provides extra credence to the study but also
provides the reader caution not to expect beyond what
the study can and promises to deliver.

Instruction: Make your own Scope and Delimitation,

write in a separate sheet of paper or softcopy after
finalization with your groupmates send the soft copy to
your teacher. Follow the format as illustrated below:
 Scope and Delimitation

This study encompasses the cultural dynamism of

the Manide tribe in Osmeña, Jose Panganiban in
terms of their history, economy, education and socio-
cultural change. The study was conducted among 25
households of Manides in their ancestral domain,
located at Calibigaho, Osmeña, Jose Panganiban,
Camarines Norte.
SOURCE: Balderama, Floricel M., Cultural Dynamism of Manide Indigenous People of Jose
Panganiban, Published Masters Thesis, RACE International Publishing, 2018
 Definition of Terms
Many terms are subject to a variety of
interpretations. The definition of terms serves two
essential functions. First, it establishes the rules and
procedures the investigator will use to measure
variables. Second, it provides unambiguous meaning
to terms that otherwise can be interpreted in different
ways.
 There are two major types of definition of terms used
in the study- the conceptual and the operational. The
conceptual definition is the dictionary, which is the
reference book of everyday language. The operational
definition is the meaning of the concept or term as used
in a particular study.
Instruction: Make your own Definition of Terms,
write in a separate sheet of paper or softcopy after
finalization with your groupmates send the soft copy to
your teacher.
SOURCE: Newman, W.L. (1997). Social Research Methods – Qualitative and Quantitative
 Conducting a research study is an enormous task. It
requires a lot of pre-planning and considerations. A
thorough literature review needs to be carried out and a
detailed plan of work needs to be made to ensure
everything runs smoothly. Overlooking of small details
can have an impactful outcome and result in wastage of
time, money and effort. This checklist covers three
significant aspects: Awareness, Planning, and
Preparation that are essential to you before starting a
new project.
Necessary Preparation before Conducting Research

You are done with the preparation

for research agenda. Now you are going
to prepare yourself as a good researcher
and be immersed with the importance of
research in our present era. The following
are the qualities that you should possess
as a beginner in conducting research.
 The following steps outline a simple and effective strategy for
writing a research paper. Depending on your familiarity with the topic
and the challenges you encounter along the way, you may need to
rearrange these steps.
Step 1. Identify and develop your topic
Step 2. Do a preliminary search for topic
Step 3. Locate materials
Step 4. Evaluate your sources
Step 5. Make notes
Step 6. Write your paper
Step 7. Cite sources
Step 8. Proofread
 Learning process can be effective and measured
your knowledge acquired by an assessment. You can
use the data in this assessment to your research
agenda. Answer the practice tasks carefully.

PRACTICE TASK
PRACTICE TASK
This task, you
will learn the application of those theories and steps
you had learned on the Learning Activity part of this
module. More matrix and worksheet to be prepared in
this part of your module.
Instructions: Fill in the necessary information of your research
agenda:

A.Proposed Titles (3 options)

1.___________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________
B. Purpose of this Paper
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Structure of Research Agenda

A. Background of the study.

_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
B. Consideration of the issues that may arise.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

C. Expected difficulties relating to this research

paper
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_____
D. Preliminary Scope
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

E. Methodology/Approach
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
F. Interaction with other research project.

Name of Researcher/s
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
PRACTICE TASK 2. My Research Readiness
Checklist!

Now that you’re done with the first activity, your

next task is to identify the role of each person whom you
can find in the given list below. This will also help you to
project. After you fill in the first part, proceed to the
checklist then put a check (⁄) or cross (X) depending on
your preparedness in making a good research project.
Write in another sheet of paper.

Name: _________________________________­­______________
Track/Strand: _______________________________________________
Name of Adviser: _______________________________________________
Name of Member 1: _______________________________________________
Name of Member 2: _______________________________________________
Title of the Research: _______________________________________________
CHECKLIST:

Awareness:
• I am aware of the aims and objectives of this study

• I am aware of all the ethical guidelines associated

with my work (e.g., guidelines for use of animals or
humans in your work
• I am aware that I need to have an open mind in
order to avoid experimental bias.
• I am aware of the role distribution among all
co-authors and the authorship criteria.
• I have a research note book to record my
readings.
• I have done a thorough literature review of
existing knowledge (reading papers published
by other researchers on my topic of research)
•
I am aware of all the ethical guidelines associated
with my work (e.g., guidelines for use of animals or
humans in your work).
• I have identified the research gaps (shortcomings in
existing studies).
• I have organized the evidence and facts that support
my ideas.
• I am aware of the role distribution among all co-
authors and the authorship criteria.
Planning
• I have discussed my research topic with my advisor.
• I have communicated to my groupmates wherever applicable.
• I have taken permissions and clearances wherever required in
writing (e.g., clearance from the biosafety committee of the
institute).
• I have made provisions to adhere to the ethical guidelines
(e.g., preparation of documents/presentations for informed
consent, patient privacy, etc.).
PRACTICE TASK 3. How Far Have You Gone as a
Researcher?
You’re doing great! You are now on the last part of
assessing your learnings and preparation to the more tedious
task in research. Now you can make a template or format of
your research agenda. Answer the guide questions below.
Guide Questions:
1. What's the purpose of a research plan?
2. How do I make my research plan seem real?
3. How do I demonstrate my independence?
4. How do you demonstrate your independence when
you have never been given the chance to work
independently?
5. Is the research plan more important in the
screening phase or late in the game?