MOTIVATION
Presented by: Presented to:
Mr. Jalendu Dhamija
Arushi Gupta
Shine Grover
Anshika Mittal
Shreshtha Chugh
Motivation….
It is an internal and external factors that stimulates desire and energy in people
to be continuously interested and committed to a job, role or subject, or to make
an effort to attain a goal.
Nature of Motivation:
Motivation helps in inspiring and encouraging people to work willingly. One
motive may result in many different behaviors: The desire for prestige may lead
a person to give money away, get additional educational training, run for
political office, steal, join groups, or may change his outward appearance. A
person wanting acceptance will behave differently in a carpool, swimming pool,
or office secretarial pool.
Motivational Cycle
• Circular movement of an individual to achieve
his/her desire, goal called a Motivational
Cycle.
• Phases of Motivational cycle are:
– Need
– Drive/ Arousal
– Goal-directed behavior
– Achievement
Need:
• It’s a product of physical and physiological deprivation in the body.
• It’s a lack or deficit of some necessity.
• Condition of need leads to Drive.
• Example- Hunger, Oxygen, Care etc.
Drive/Arousal:
• Internal motivation state created by need.
• It is defined as the state of tension or arousal produced by the need.
• Can produce more than one responses.
• Example- Hunger drive
Goal Directed Behavior:
• The goal of energized activity is to reduce the tension created within the body.
• It motivates or encourages someone to do something.
• It has the capability to satisfy the need.
• It can be positive or negative.
• Example-For hunger food is an incentive/goal.
Achievement:
• Feel of pleasure, satisfaction gives reward to self.
• State of achievement of the goal.
Types of Motives:
Biological/Physiological Motives:
• It explains that motivation is the earliest attempt to understand causes of
behavior.
• The approach adhering to the concept of adaptive act holds that organism
have needs that produce drive
Psychosocial Motives:
• Social motives are mostly learned or acquired. Social groups such as family,
neighbourhood, friends and relatives contribute a lot in acquiring social
motives. These are complex forms of motives mainly resulting from
individuals’ interaction with his social environment. Psychological, social,
environmental factors interact with each other to produce motivation.
• McClelland’s Theory of Needs for Affiliation, Power, and Achievement:
McClelland proposed a theory of motivation that highlights the importance
of three psychological needs: affiliation, power, and achievement .
Need for Affiliation
• Seeking others human beings and wanting to have communication with them
is called affiliation. It involves motivation for social contact.
• According to McClelland the need for friendly social interactions and
relationships with other is called need for affiliation. People high in this need
seek to be liked by others and to be held in high regard by those around them.
Need for Power
• Need for power is an ability of a person to have control or influence over others and make an
impact on them. The various goals of power motivation are to influence, control, persuade,
lead and charm others and enhance one's own reputation in the eyes of other person. David
McClelland (1975) described general ways of expression of the power motive.
• 1. Things people do to gain feeling of power and strength from source outside themselves.
E.g. by reading sports stories or attaching to a popular figure.
• 2. Power can also be best from sources within us. Eg. maybe expressed by building up the
body and mastering urges of impulses.
• 3. People do things as individual to have an impact on others. E.g. as members of political
party wants that his party should win the election.
Need for Achievement
• Need for achievement is the desire of a person to meet standards of
excellence. It energises and directs behaviour as well as influences the
perception of situations. Persons high in achievement motivation tend to
prefer tasks that are moderately difficult and challenging. During the
formative years of social development children acquire achievement
motivation, the sources include parents, other role models and socio-cultural
influences.
Push and Pull Mechanism:
• The push and pull theories of motivation state that the desire for certain results comes
from different directional forces, either a push or a pull towards the end goal.
Motivators are external forces that push us away from an undesired or painful result.
End goals can be both motivators and incentives
• Pull Theory: Pull-based motivation is about tapping the desire to achieve something.
It's about establishing a quest and taking action not to remove a current pain, but to
bring yourself closer to a deeply desired end.
• Push Theory: Push motivation is a behavior that an individual forces themselves
to complete in order to satisfy a need or achieve a goal. ... An activity that an
individual feels naturally pulled towards. Push Motivation Examples. Staying late
and missing dinner with your family to complete some research.
Types of Motivation:
Intrinsic Motivation:
• Intrinsic motivation is when you engage in a behavior because you find it
rewarding. You are performing an activity for its own sake rather than from
the desire for some external reward. The behaviour itself is its own reward.
For example :
• Participating in a sport because you find the activity enjoyable
• Cleaning your room because you like tidying up
Extrinsic Motivation:
• Extrinsic motivation is when we are motivated to perform a behavior or
engage in an activity because we want to earn a reward or avoid punishment.
You will engage in behavior not because you enjoy it or because you find it
satisfying, but because you expect to get something in return or avoid
something unpleasant.
Examples : Participating in a sport to win awards
Cleaning your room to avoid being reprimanded by your parents.
Maslow’s Hierarchy
Physiological needs:
• These are the biological requirements for human survival. E.g. Air, food etc.
• If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally.
Safety needs:
• Once an individual’s physiological need is satisfied, the needs for security and
safety become priority.
• These needs can be fulfilled by the family and society (e.g. police, schools,
business and medical care).
• For example, emotional security, financial security (e.g. employment, social
welfare), law and order, freedom from fear, social stability, property, health
and wellbeing (e.g. safety against accidents and injury).
Love and belongingness needs:
• After physiological and safety needs have been fulfilled, the third level of human needs is
social and involves feelings of belongingness. These needs can be fulfilled by the family and
society (e.g. police, schools, business and medical care).
• Belongingness, refers to a human emotional need for interpersonal relationships, affiliating,
connectedness, and being part of a group.
• Examples of belongingness needs include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving
and giving affection, and love.
Self Esteem:
• include self-worth, accomplishment and respect
• Maslow classified esteem needs into two categories: (i) esteem for oneself (dignity,
achievement, mastery, independence) and (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others
(e.g., status, prestige).
• Maslow indicated that the need for respect or reputation is most important for children and
adolescents and precedes real self-esteem or dignity.
Self-actualization
• Highest level in Maslow's hierarchy
• Refer to the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and
peak experiences
• Maslow describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the
most that one can be.
• Individuals may perceive or focus on this need very specifically
• For example, one individual may have a strong desire to become an ideal parent. In another,
the desire may be expressed economically, academically or athletically. For others, it may be
expressed creatively, in paintings, pictures, or inventions.
Thank you…
