s.i.e.
tribology
SURFACE ENGINEERING
CONTENTS
Introduction
Concept and scope of surface
Engineering
Surface modification
Surface hardening
Surface coatings
INTRODUCTION :-
Surface engineering is the sub-discipline of materials science which deals with the surface of
solid matter.
An engineering component usually fails when its surface cannot withstand the external forces or
environment to which it is subjected .
Improving the functionality of an existing product is the only aim of surface engineering .
Solids are composed of a bulk material covered by a surface .
The surface which bounds the bulk material is called the Surface Phase.
The surface phase of a solid interacts with the surrounding environment.
Surface engineering provides additional functionality to solid surfaces , involves structures and
compositions not found in solids , is used to modify the surfaces properties of solids , and
involves application of thin film coating , surface functionalization and activation and plasma
treatment .
Concept and scope of Surface Engineering :-
Surface engineering helps in systematic and comprehensive understanding of various aspects
related with surface engineering of metallic components for enhanced tribological life .
Surface engineering techniques are being used in the automotive , aerospace ,textile ,
chemical ,steel and construction industries including road surfacing .
Surface engineering can be used to develop wide range of functional properties including
physical , chemical , electrical , electronic , magnetic , mechanical ,wear-resistant and
corrosion-resistant properties at the required surfaces .
Surface Modification :-
Surface modification is the act of modifying the surface of a material by
bringing physical , chemical or biological characteristics different from the
ones originally found on the surface of a material .
This modification is usually made to solid materials , but it is possible to find
examples of the modification to the surface of specific liquids.
The modification can be done by different methods with a view to altering a
wide range of characteristics of the surface , such as roughness.
Surface hardening :-
Surface hardening is the process of hardening the surface of a metal object
while allowing the metal deeper underneath to remain soft , thus forming a
thin layer of harder metal at the surface .
For iron or steel with low carbon content , which has poor to no hardenability
of its own , the surface hardening process is carried out which involves
infusing additional carbon or nitrogen into the surface layer.
Surface hardening is usually done after the part has been formed into it final
shape .
Surface Coatings :-
A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object , usually
referred to as the substrate .
The purpose of applying the coating may be decorative ,functional or both .
The coating itself may be an all-over coating ,completely covering the
substrate , or it may only cover parts of the substrate .
Example : 1) labels on drinks bottles .
2) paint on large industrial pipes .
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STRESS PRESSURE
Stress can be defined as the Pressure can be defined as the
amount of force being exerted per amount of force applied per unit
unit area . area .
Stress can only be exerted on Pressure on the other hand can be
solids exerted on both liquids and gases .
Stress on the other hand can be Pressure is a positive unit and can
either a positive or a negative be represented as F/A.
force, this can be represented as Pressure on the other hand is a
Stress= – F/A.
unique property of
Stress is a unique property of the thermodynamics.
material.
