CHAPTER 6: Methodologies
for Small Groups
Presented by: Jessa Bablbuena
Introduction
·Children enjoy learning in groups
because they interact with one another,
share common observations, and
influence each other positively or
negatively.
Introduction
·As they grow, they acquire updated
knowledge and develop higher-order
skills and values through their shared
learning styles.
Introduction
·The teacher's role in
assisting them in managing
their learning activities is
crucial.
Introduction
·Various techniques have been
employed at different age levels across
disciplines, capitalizing on group
learning, sometimes called "peer-
learning".
COOPERATIVE
LEARNING APPROACH
·Members help one
·Cooperative learning
methodology works another to achieve a
well with groups or desired outcome.
teams.
COOPERATIVE
LEARNING APPROACH
·It promotes the ·Problems are
development of skills solved in a
in "democratic
collaborative
procedures".
manner.
COOPERATIVE
LEARNING APPROACH
·It recognizes ·It fosters
and rewards strong
collective effort. motivation.
COOPERATIVE
LEARNING APPROACH
·This approach makes
·A smooth use of group dynamics
interpersonal and group investigations
in learning and problem-
interaction occurs.
solving.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. It consists of two important components:
·Cooperative incentive structure: Two or more individuals
are interdependent for a shared reward.
·Cooperative task structure: Two or more individuals work
together on tasks.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
2. Reward systems are group-
oriented, reinforcing
interdependence.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
3. Interactions within the
group are influenced by the
members themselves.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
4. Teams are composed of
members with mixed abilities,
promoting less competitive
behavior.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
5. Teams may be
composed of both males
and females.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
6. Group work promotes
maximal generation and exchange
of ideas.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
7. It promotes tolerance and
respect for other people's points of
view.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
8. Cooperative learning groups
exhibit less competitive behavior.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
9. Group work develops
friendliness, willingness to assist,
and the value of "caring and
sharing".
1. Student Teams Achievement Division
(STAD) and Teams-Games-
Tournament (TGT):
• Members learn
• Class materials
divided into individually and
teams. help each other.
1. Student Teams Achievement Division
(STAD) and Teams-Games-
Tournament (TGT):
• Weekly quizzes • Recognition for highest
to assess learning. team scores and
member improvement.
2. Think Pair - Share:
• Thinking phase: • Pairing phase: • Sharing phase:
Students think Students discuss Pairs share their
individually the answer with answers with the
about a question. a partner. whole class.
3. Buzz groups:
• Groups of 3 to 6 • Recorder
discuss ideas about summarizes the
a topic. ideas to the
class.
4. Jigsaw:
• Members with
• Students • Each student
the same topic
assigned to responsible for a
meet to study and
portion of a
study teams. topic.
help each other.
4. Jigsaw:
• Discussions • Recognition for
and quizzes to high scoring
assess teams and
learning. members.
5. Group investigations:
• Planning of
• Groups of 5
topics and
or 6 members
procedures for
formed. investigation.
5. Group
investigations:
• In-depth study of
• Reporting of
sub-topics and
conclusions to the
analysis of
class.
information.
LIMITATIONS:
1.Confusion can arise
2. Low achievers 3. Some individuals
when members don't may become "on- may not agree with
understand their lookers" due to a group rewards,
involvement in tasks. lack of skill. leading to low
motivation.
SUGGESTIONS/
RECOMMENDATIONS
:
1.Heterogeneous grouping 2. Assess students' social
can positively impact
skills and willingness to
performance by allowing
high achievers to tutor cooperate to ensure they
others and raise the can work well in group
achievement level of the
situations.
group.
SUGGESTIONS/
RECOMMENDATIONS
:
3. Provide 4. Ensure adequate
sufficient working space for ease and
tools to avoid time speed of movement.
wastage.
SUGGESTED TOPICS:
• Parts of a
• Air pollution, • How the
typical flower
causes and brain
and functions
of each effects functions
ROLE-PLAYING
• Role-playing • Students can express • Role-playing uses
involves enacting a their intimate feelings, events, known
learning situation to problems, and personalities, and current
approved solutions activities presented in a
depict real-life
through this teaching dramatic way.
responses and
strategy.
behavior.
ROLE-PLAYING
• Observers focus on
• Participants include
the emotional
major and minor
responses generated
players, observers,
among the
and analysts.
performers.
ROLE-PLAYING
• Analysts discuss the • Role-playing is an
appropriateness of words,
action-filled teaching
effectiveness of actions,
strategy that
and soundness of
guarantees fun.
conclusions.
INSTRUCTIONAL
CHARACTERISTICS
• Role-playing • Authentic
capitalizes on the responses are
experiences gained solicited since
and what was real-life events are
learned. presented.
INSTRUCTIONAL
CHARACTERISTICS
• Role-playing allows for
the observation and study
• Role-playing helps
of participants' develop the self-
internalized values, confidence of the
attitudes, and study habits. participants.
LIMITATIONS:
1. If the role is not 2. For the young, role
3. Some may shy
playing may not work
clear, it may result away from the
well due to lack of
to an exaggerated experience with everyday activity and miss the
version. happenings. information being
portrayed.
Suggestions/
Recommendations:
• Select participants • Clearly delineate
based on their the line of action
capabilities for the and restate roles for
roles. clarification.
Suggestions/
Recommendations:
• Prepare observers to Discuss and evaluate the • Prepare the listeners
presentation, including the
focus on the actions of each role player and to ensure a smooth
feelings generated the authenticity of the learning and uninterrupted
event, with the observers and
by the performers. presentation.
assigned analyst.
Suggested Topics for Role-
playing:
• Presenting historical
• Water and energy
events (declaration of • Developing
independence, conservation
values among measures in a
execution at Luneta,
death march). the young. family.
to be continued...
