SOLAR
ENERGY
PARTH SHRIVASTAVA – CH12B1018
K VIVEK VARKEY - CH12B1011
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HYDERABAD
In this project we have
analyzed the
implementation of solar
energy in the country with
two case studies –
1. Welspon solar power plant
located in Madhya Pradesh
2. IIT Hyderabad permanent
campus.
SOLAR ENERGY
As the name suggests, the energy derived from the
Sun is termed as the solar energy. Every other energy
can be classified as a product from the solar
energy. The Earth receives 174 pettawatts (PW) of
incoming solar radiation at the upper atmosphere.
Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the
rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses.
The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere,
oceans and land masses is approximately
3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year.
In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the
world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures
approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The
technical potential available from biomass is from 100–
300 EJ/year
TYPES OF SOLAR ENERGY
Solar technologies are broadly
characterized as either passive
solar or active solar depending
on the way they capture, convert
and distribute solar energy.
Active solar techniques include
the use of photovoltaic panels
and solar thermal collectors to
harness the energy.
Passive solar techniques include
orienting a building to the Sun,
selecting materials with
favorable thermal mass or light
dispersing properties.
SOME APPLICATION
1. Architecture and
urban planning
2. Transport and
reconnaissance
3. Heating
4. Water treatment
WELSPUN SOLAR POWER PLANT
FACTS OF THE PLANT
Located in Neemuch
district of Madhya
Pradesh.
Currently one of the
largest solar power plant
in Asia fully functioning
and delivering.
FACTS OF THE PLANT
It is currently the largest
and most spread around
solar power plant in the
country (there is another
solar power plant under
development in the Thar
region of Rajasthan, but its
construction is not complete
as of yet).
FACTS OF THE PLANT
Spread across 800
acres of barren and
uncultivated land.
It is built at total cost of
180 million USD.
It produced a net power
of 150 MW.
CALCULATIONS
A POWER OF 150 MW IS PRODUCED IN THE PLANT.
HENCE ENERGY PRODUCED IN AN YEAR IS 1.37*10^12 KJ.
THAT IS EQUIVALENT TO 3.83*10^8 KWH.
IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE PLANT IS FUNCTIONING FOR 7 HOURS
ON A DAILY BASIS YEAR ROUND.
CALCULATIONS
Upon complete
combustion 1 tonne of
coal would release 4572
Kwh worth of energy.
80590.01 tonnes of coal
used up to produce 150
MW of power.
CARBON DIOXIDE
MITIGATED
1 tonne of coal would give out approximately
2.866 tonne of Carbon Dioxide upon complete
combustion.
Upon manufacturing 150 MW of power using
coal, 230970 tonnes of CO2 would have been
released. While actual figures of coal mitigated
is around 216372 tonnes.
SOLAR - HOME
The plant is producing
energy of 3.83*10^8
Kwh on an yearly basis.
According to recent
surveys an average
Indian home consumes
energy at 650 Kwh per
year.
Hence the plant can
cover a total of 5.9 lac
homes.
While the actual data
shows, the plant is
providing a total of 6.2
lacs.
Solar Power
Plant in IITH
New Campus
Introduction
The all new campus of IIT Hyderabad is
on par with most of the new construction
projects around the globe, both visually
and functionally.
Campus expands to a vast 571 acre land
mass.
One of the most aspiring feature of the
new campus is its self-sustainability in
terms of energy and power.
The solar farm to be set up in the new
campus will be production enough power
to meet power needs of new campus
including a surplus storage.
Aspects and Prospects
Power Generation:
I. The plant to be set is 1 MW
photovoltaic power plant.
II. The plant will feed AC power to the
11 KV distribution grid power
supply of the campus for captive
power consumption.
III. The minimum net generation per
annum will be 1.7 Million units per
MW.
IV. The plant will store the excess
generated power in batteries.
The PV array and its properties:
I. The solar farm consist of photovoltaic (PV)
array system.
II. The PV array consists of framed mono‐
crystalline or multi‐crystalline silicon cells.
III. Individual PV modules rating is of minimum
240 watt peak at STC for multi‐crystalline
PV modules (60 cell configuration) and
minimum 250 watt peak at STC for mono‐
crystalline PV modules (60 Cell
configuration).
IV. Maximum DC output voltage of the array
is 600V.
Area and land specifications :
I. The area allotted for the solar power in the new campus is
around 15-16 acres.
II. The allotted area consists of PV array system, power
conversion system, invertor system (Includes storage
also), transformers, plant controller, grid connector and
substation. The area also consist of a small water body.
III. The allotted area is much more than required area for a 1
MW solar plant in India (Generally doesn't exceed 5-6
acres).
IV. The excess area will be used for future upgradation and
expansion of the solar farm.
General Contour Map:
Contour Map with Electricity Lines and Power Grid:
General and Relevant Aspects:
The cost of installation of plant is subjective to the further
conditions and situations. But the minimum cost mentioned in
the tender in 12.50 Crores INR.
This cost includes installation of all entities related to solar plant
and maintenance cost.
The plant will be set up such that minimum operational period
shall be 25 years.
An advance Solar Radiation and Environmental Monitoring
System will be set along with the power plant.
It will consist of various sensors, signal conditioning, data
acquisition, LCD display and remote monitoring which will collect
a minimum of 20 data samples in 1 hour.
Plant will consist of a inverter unit.
Inverter unit should be capable to store the
excess energy generated at any given time.
( The energy difference between generation
and institute load)
The stored energy should have the flexibility to
use at the time of power shut down /to
minimize the dependency on grid.
In case of incoming grid failure, the inverter unit
should be capable to supply the institute power
demand ( Maximum of 300 KW ).
Plant Power Performance
Ratio:
The overall power performance ratio of the system will exceed
70%. (Sum total of the system power losses shall not exceed
30%). For global solar radiation in the Plane of Array (POA) of
1000 W/m2, 100kWp PV power plant AC output shall be minimum
of 70 kW at any time during the day.
Plant Energy Performance Ratio:
The overall energy performance ratio of the system shall exceed
75%. (Sum total of the system energy losses shall not exceed 25%).
For global solar insolation in the Plane of Array (POA) of 5 kWh/m2 (5
Peak Sun Hours) for the day, 100kWp PV power plant AC energy
output shall be minimum of 375 kWh (75kWx5hrs) for the day.
CO2 is a green house gas. Increase in
concentration of which can lead to dramatic
climatic changes which will further lead to
worse natural calamities.
Solar plants require just the installation cost
which is fixed and occasional maintenance cost.
At the current time, the maintenance cost
maybe high but with adequate time and
research being put in, both fixed and the
variable cost can be brought down effectively.
Also this will lead to lesser consumption of coal,
natural gas and other such fossil fuels.
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neemuch
http://shrinkthatfootprint.com/average-household-electricit
y-consumption
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/infrastruc
ture/indias-largest-solar-power-plant-inaugurated-in-mp/sol
ar-power-plant-inaugurated-in-mp/slideshow/31205839.cm
s
http://www.deccanherald.com/content/21392/coal-india-ma
y-hike-coal.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal
