Unit 3

Information Literacy

Media and Information Literacy

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LEARNING TARGETS

At the end of this unit, the learners should be able

to do the following:
● Define information needs.
● Locate, access, assess, organize, and communicate
information.
● Demonstrate the ethical use of information.

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 VALUES AND
ATTITUDES
In this unit, the learners should be able to do the
following:
● Respect and give justice to the original sources of information
used.
● Develop integrity in sharing and using information from
various sources.
● Imbibe the habit of citing and using credible and reliable
sources of information.
● Develop mindfulness in being a bearer, sharer, and user of 3
Lesson 2
Ethical Uses of Information

Unit 3| Information Literacy

Media and Information Literacy

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Credible Sources of Information

These are the factors to

consider when assessing the
credibility and reliability of
an information source:

● The website is from a

trusted organization.
● The information has an
affiliated author.
● The information is up-to-
date and relevant.
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CONTEMPORARY
EXPERIENCE

Social Media Photos

and Messages as
Legal Evidence

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CONTEMPORARY
EXPERIENCE

Social media photos and messages can

be used as evidence in criminal, civil,
and family law cases. They can help
establish timelines, prove or disprove
claims, and provide context.
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CONTEMPORARY
EXPERIENCE

For example, they might show intent in a criminal

case, substantiate damages in a civil case, or
illustrate behavior in a family law case. However,
such evidence must be authenticated and relevant
to be admissible in court.

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Know When to Cite
Information

Citing information is crucial in various

contexts to give credit to original sources,
avoid plagiarism, and provide evidence for
claims.
Proper citation helps maintain academic
integrity and allows readers to follow up on
sources for more information.

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Know When to Cite
Information
Direct Quotes: When you use someone else's exact words.
Paraphrasing: When you restate someone else’s ideas or
information in your own words.
Summarizing: When you condense someone else’s ideas or
information.
Data and Statistics: When using specific figures or data from a
source.
Images and Media: When using photographs, videos, or other
media created by someone else.
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Ideas and Theories: When discussing theories or concepts
Know When to Cite
Information
Definition: Information that is widely
known and undisputed within a
particular field or by the general
public.

Examples: Historical facts (e.g., "The

Earth orbits the Sun"), well-known
scientific facts (e.g., "Water boils at
Common knowledge
100°C at sea level"), or widely
recognized events (e.g., "World War II
ended in 1945").
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COMMON KNOWLEDGE

General Facts:

• Example: "The Earth has seven continents."

• Reason: This is widely known and accepted
information.

Historical Dates:

• Example: "The Declaration of Independence was

signed in 1776."
• Reason: This is a well-documented historical fact
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familiar to most people.
COMMON KNOWLEDGE

Basic Scientific Concepts:

Example: "Water freezes at 0°C (32°F)."

Reason: This is a fundamental scientific fact taught
in basic education.

Geographical Knowledge:

Example: "Mount Everest is the highest mountain in

the world."
Reason: This is a widely recognized geographical
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fact.
Know When to Cite
Information
Definition: Analysis, commentary,
or specific viewpoints that involve
someone’s personal understanding
or explanation of information.

Examples: Analyzing the

implications of a historical event,
offering a unique perspective on a
scientific phenomenon, or
Interpretations
interpreting data to support an
argument.
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INTERPRETATION

Literature Analysis:

• Example: Analyzing the

themes and symbolism in
Shakespeare’s "Hamlet"
and discussing how they
reflect societal issues of the
Elizabethan era.
Interpretations
• Citation: Cite literary critics
or scholarly articles that
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support your analysis.
INTERPRETATIONS

Art Criticism:

• Example: Evaluating the

impact of a particular
artist’s work on modern art
and discussing how it
challenges traditional
techniques.
Interpretations
• Citation: Cite art
historians, critics, or
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interviews with the artist.
Know When to Cite
Information

In summary, common knowledge is information

widely accepted and known, whereas
interpretations involve personal or specific
analyses that require sourcing to acknowledge
the original ideas or data used.

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Know When to Cite
Information
PLAGIARISM
using someone else’s work
as our own without giving
them proper credit

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Ethical Use of Information

Ethical or Unethical?

● translating a blog entry that you found insightful to your

language
● saving an artwork as an image, posting it on your social
media account, and writing ctto along with a caption you
created
● delivering a graduation speech, the parts of which are
inspired by an author’s speech
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Ethical Use of Information

Translating a Blog Entry into Your

Language:
Ethical Considerations: Unethical Considerations:
Translating a blog entry can be Without permission or proper
ethical if you have permission attribution, translating
from the original author or if someone else’s work can be
the content is explicitly considered unethical as it may
licensed for such use (e.g., infringe on intellectual
under Creative Commons). property rights and fail to
Proper attribution should be credit the original author.
given, and the translation
should not misrepresent the 20
Ethical Use of Information
Saving an Artwork as an Image, Posting it on Social
Media, and Writing "CTTO" (Credit to the Owner) Along
with a Caption You Created
Ethical Considerations: While Unethical Considerations:
adding "CTTO" is a step toward Simply using "CTTO" without
crediting the original artist, it is obtaining permission or
not always sufficient. Ethical
providing a complete citation
practice involves obtaining
can still be problematic. It
permission from the artist to use
their work and providing a proper does not fully address
citation that includes details copyright concerns or respect
about the original source, not just the artist’s rights.
a generic credit. Many platforms
also have policies about the use 21
Ethical Use of Information
Delivering a Graduation Speech Inspired by an Author’s
Speech

Ethical Considerations: Unethical Considerations:

Drawing inspiration from an Presenting another’s speech or
author’s speech is acceptable significant parts of it as your
if you transform the ideas into own without proper attribution
your own words and provide is unethical. It constitutes
appropriate attribution if you plagiarism, as it misrepresents
are directly quoting or someone else's work as your
paraphrasing. Acknowledging own.
the original source of your
inspiration shows respect for 22
Know When to Cite
Information
QUOTATION PARAPHRASE

borrowing someone’s exact using own words to rephrase

words in writing the same ideas from the
original source 23
Know When to Cite
Information
QUOTATION

• Example: If you
quote a line from a
book, you would
write: “The only
thing we have to
fear is fear itself”
(Roosevelt, 1933).
borrowing someone’s exact
words in writing
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Know When to Cite
Information
PARAPHRASE

• Example: If you
paraphrase the same
idea, you might
write:
Franklin D. Roosevelt
suggested that
overcoming fear is
using own words to rephrase
crucial to facing the same ideas from the
challenges (Roosevelt, original source 25
1933).
Know When to Cite
Information

In both cases, proper citation is

essential to avoid plagiarism and
acknowledge the original author’s
contribution.

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APPROACHES AND
PERSPECTIVES

Is translating
plagiarism?

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 APPROACHES AND
PERSPECTIVES

Without Permission: With Permission: If you

Translating someone have permission to
else’s work without their translate the work, it is
permission can be important to properly
plagiarism, as you are credit the original author
using their intellectual and acknowledge that
property without the work is a translation.
authorization. This helps maintain
transparency and respect
for the original creator’s
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rights.
 APPROACHES AND
PERSPECTIVES

Without Permission: With Permission: If you

Translating someone have permission to
else’s work without their translate the work, it is
permission can be important to properly
plagiarism, as you are credit the original author
using their intellectual and acknowledge that
property without the work is a translation.
authorization. This helps maintain
transparency and respect
for the original creator’s
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rights.
 APPROACHES AND
PERSPECTIVES

Proper Attribution: Even with permission,

you should clearly state that the work is a
translation and provide full credit to the
original author, indicating the source and the
translator’s role.

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Stoplight

STOP CONTINUE START

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REFERENCES
Cabico, Gaea Katreena. “Sotto on Plagiarism Allegations: Translating Isn't Copying.” Philstar.com.
Philstar.com, May 23, 2018.
https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/05/23/1817926/sotto-plagiarism-allegations-translating-isnt-c
opying
.

Kamila, Kanchan. “Information Literacy: Approaches, Benefits, Medium, Methods and Challenges.”
Academia.edu, November 15, 2014.
https://www.academia.edu/9326006/Information_Literacy_Approaches_Benefits_Medium_Methods_and
_Challenges
.

Stebbins, Leslie F. “Finding Reliable Information Online : Adventures of an Information Sleuth.” Internet
Archive. Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield, 2015. https://archive.org/details/findingreliablei0000steb
.

Supreme Court of the Philippines. “SC: Photos, Messages from Facebook Messenger Obtained by Private
Individuals Admissible as Evidence.” Supreme Court of the Philippines, June 17, 2022.
https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/28056/#:~:text=The%20Supreme%20Court%20has%20ruled,admissible%2
0as%20evidence%20in%20court
.

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