ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
FACULITY OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING STREAM
Title:-Internship Report on Ethio Telecom
internet and data division
Prepared by:
Name ID
YEABSRA TEFERA ……………….NSR/3138/13
ERMIYAS ENDALKACHEW……NSR/899/13
FREZER BELAY……......……….…NSR/996/13
Nov 3: 2024
Arba minch: Ethiopia
 OUTLINES
• Introduction
• Background of Ethio Telecom
• Ethio Telecom’s Values and Services
• Objectives of the Internship
• Internship Experience
• Challenges and Problem-Solving
• Fixed Access Network (FAN) Division
• Wireless Network
• IP Backhaul
• Transmission
• Optimization
• Benefits of the Internship
• Internship Project Overview
• Conclusion
• Recommendations
 Introduction
Objective: internship experience at Ethio Telecom NWR.
Goals: Gain hands-on experience in communication
engineering, applying theory in a real-world telecom
environment.
 Objectives of the Internship
• . General Objective of the Internship
• The main objective of the internship is to practice the theoretical
knowledge that we learned in the classroom.
• Specific Objective of the Internship
• Improving Practical Skills
• Improving Interpersonal
• Communication Skill
• Improving Leadership Skills
• Understanding Work Ethics and Related Issues.
 Background of Ethio
Telecom
Foundation: Established by the Ethiopian government as the main
telecom provider.
History:
• Introduced in 1894 under Emperor Menelik II.
• Expanded over decades, connecting various cities and establishing
international links.
• Mission: Provide high-quality, innovative, and affordable telecom
services to connect Ethiopia.
• Vision: Become a world-class telecom provider and a center for ICT
advancements in the Horn of Africa.
Ethio Telecom’s Values and
Services
Core Values: Human-centric, Integrity, Excellence, Social
Responsibility, Togetherness.
Main Services:
• Mobile Services: Voice, SMS, data, and special packages.
• Fixed Line Services: Landline, CDMA.
• Internet Services: 3G, 4G, broadband connections.
 Internship Experience
 Roles and responsibilities during the internship.
• Engaged in various network optimization tasks to enhance
performance and reliability.
• Key tasks performed:
• Network equipment observation.
• Network optimization tasks.
• Fiber optic installation.
 Challenges and Problem-
Solving
• Technical Challenges: Network troubleshooting and system
configuration.
• Solutions: Collaborative problem-solving, assistance from mentors,
and continuous learning.
 Fixed Access Network (FAN)
Division
Purpose:- Manages wired services, supporting high-speed data to
homes and businesses.
Tasks:-
• Fiber optic installation and splicing.
• Use of OTDR for diagnostics.
• Configuration of MSAG and MSAN for customer connectivity.
Examples of Fixed Access
Network device:-

I. Multi-service Access Gateway (MSAG)

- It is a device typically installed in a telephone exchange (although
sometimes in a roadside serving area interface cabinet)which connects
customers' telephone lines to the core network, to provide telephone,
Integrated service digital network (ISDN), and broadband services.
-There are cards that are used for different purpose that can be for
data, telephone, internet etc….one card is used for 32 users.
Figure 2.1: Multi service Access Gateway (MSAG)
II. Multi-service Access Node (MSAN)
- Its function is the same as MSAG but with some improved
versions. These are we can simultaneously offer both voice and
data together using single wire faster than MSAG and it can
cover more customers.
III.server
- A server is a computer that has been given the function of
serving a particular need for multiple users and is the center of
the network. A server is a computer program that offers the
special functionality for other program or devices, called the
Client.
 Wireless Network
 Wireless communication mainly deals with how to give wireless
mobile services and internet services. In this section of Ethio telecom
there are mainly 3 subdivisions in North West region.
Radio access network(RAN) and core network
IP backhaul and Transmission
Optimization
To be continude…

Radio Access Network (RAN): -

radio access network section do the planning, surveying, designing and
optimizing functions updating its self with current global tools._x0000_
Handles mobile network planning and optimization.
Technologies Covered:- GSM (2G), 3G, and LTE (4G).
Tasks:-
• Drive tests to assess network coverage
• Equipment: RF antennas, BTS, and microwave transmission units
 IP Backhaul
Definition
-The Internet Protocol (IP):- is the method or protocol by which data is
sent from one computer to another on the Internet
- It Connects various network sites, ensuring data flow to the core.
Core Devices:
• CSG, ASG, and RSG: Aggregate network traffic.
 Transmission Types: -Fiber optics and other IP-based technologies.
 Transmission

The transmission system can be wired or wireless :- Wired

transmission media includes twisted pair cable, coaxial and fiber optic
cable. The first two are the oldest transmission media in
telecommunications. Now day’s optical fiber is more available in
North West region Bahir Dar.
 Transmission and Fiber Optic
Communication
Fiber Optics: Primary medium for high-speed data transmission.
Tasks:
• Path loss analysis, VLAN configuration, IP setup.
• Monitoring of transmission quality and adjustments
 Optimization
 Network optimization is an umbrella term that refers to a range of
tools, strategies, and best practices for monitoring, managing, and
improving network performance.
1, Optimization of Network
• There are many ways of optimization.
• Mechanical tilt:-making the antenna up and down.
• Electrical tilt:-making the antenna wide and narrow.
• Azimuth angle:-changing the position of the antenna that we set in
terms of degree.
 Network Optimization Process
Goal: Improve network performance for optimal user experience.
Techniques:
• Mechanical/Electrical Tilts: Adjusting antennas.
• KPI Monitoring: Tracking call drops, handovers, and traffic.
• Process Steps: Data collection, analysis, adjustment, confirmation.
 Benefits of the Internship
 Practical Skill Improvement
 Hands-On Training: Learned to handle and troubleshoot network
equipment.
Problem Solving: Developed skills in identifying and addressing
network faults.
Safety Protocols: Understood the importance of safety in handling
telecom hardware.
 Improving Practical Skills
• We have gained basic knowledge regarding to what precautions to be
taken
• when we touch or come closer to some equipment and the safety
• We have seen different type of devices that are applicable in Ethio
telecom; their physical appearances.
• We have developed understandings on how communication problems
(failures) are identified remotely and how they are corrected
Figure 3.1 Data and voice installations
Figure 3.2 Equipment used in ethio telecom
Developing Theoretical Knowledge
Thetheoretical knowledge we acquired in Ethiotelecomis
reinforcement to what we had developed in the university.We could
grasp more knowledgeon:Accomplishing my internship in ethio-
telecom has abig advantage,since the company’s activities are almost
all the same to our courses due to this first we try to develop my
theoretical knowledge in the areas of wireless and wired
communication,antenna system data communication & computer
networks and optical systems.
Developing Leadership Skills
Good speaking ability.
The ability to listen to others.
Being decisive.
Good management skills.
 Development of Soft Skill
• Interpersonal Skills: Communication, collaboration, and teamwork
improved through project involvement.
• Professional Growth: Learned importance of punctuality, reliability,
and workplace ethics.
Internship Project Overview
Project Title:- Underground Cable Fault Detection
Project Overview:-
1. Objective:-
To develop a system for detecting faults in underground cables to
minimize downtime and improve maintenance efficiency.
2. Project Components:-
- Literature Review
- Researched existing methods for cable fault detection.
-Analyzed the effectiveness and limitations of traditional techniques.
Methodology:-
- Employed a combination of time-domain reflectometry (TDR) and
impedance measurement techniques.
- Developed a prototype using sensors and signal processing algorithms.
Key Tasks:-
- Design and Simulation.
- Created a block diagram of the fault detection system.
- Simulated the expected performance using MATLAB.
Data Collection:-
- Conducted tests on existing underground cables to collect data on fault
characteristics.
- Analyzed data to identify patterns indicating faults.
4. Results:-
- Successfully identified potential fault locations with high accuracy.
- Developed a report outlining the detection process and recommendations
for implementation.
Conclusion
• Key Takeaways: Internship provided a strong foundation in technical
and soft skills.
• Career Preparation: Equipped with the knowledge to advance in
telecommunications.
 Recommendations
• Equipment Upgrades: Replace outdated equipment for improved
efficiency.
• Mentorship Programs: Assign dedicated mentors to enhance intern
learning.
• International Collaboration: Expand intern exposure through
partnerships with global telecoms.