SCADA SYSTEM

CLASSIFICATION

1
 Introduction
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) System
 History
 Why SCADA?
 Definition of SCADA

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 History
 Egyptian supervisory
 First half of the 20th century
 Weather predictions
 Rail road tracks
 Two way system
 1960s idea for supervisory
 1970s radio system

3
 Why SCADA?
 Saves Time and Money
 Less traveling for workers (e.g. helicopter ride)
 Reduces man-power needs
 Increases production efficiency of a company
 Cost effective for power systems
 Saves energy
 Reliable
 Supervisory control over a particular system

4
 What is SCADA?
 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
 Supervisory
 Operator/s, engineer/s, supervisor/s, etc
 Control
 Monitoring
 Limited
 Telemetry
 Remote/Local
 Data acquisition
 Access and acquire information or data from the
equipment
 Sends it to different sites through telemetry
 Analog / Digital
5
 Classifications
 Anatomy of a SCADA system?
 Elements of SCADA
 Levels of SCADA
 Where is SCADA used?
 Different applications of SCADA systems?
 What types of SCADA are there?
 Component manufacturers and system manufacturers
of the SCADA systems?
 Automation Solutions
 Software
 Hardware
6
 Elements of SCADA
Elements of a SCADA system
 Sensors and actuators
 RTUs/PLCs
 Communication
 MTU
 Front End Processor
 SCADA server
 Historical/Redundant/Safety Server
 HMI computer
 HMI software

7
 Sensors
Types of sensors:

 Pressure sensors
 Temperature sensors
 Light sensors
 Humidity sensors
 Wind speed sensors
 Water level sensors
 Distance sensors

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 Actuators
Actuators:

 Valves
 Pumps
 Motors

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 RTUs
RTU – Remote Terminal Unit
 Intelligent to control a process and multiple processes
 Data logging and alarm handling
 Expandable
 Asks the field devices for information
 Can control IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Device)
 Slave/Master device

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 Alarms
Types of alarms:

 Good alarms
 Critical failure alarms

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Safety instrumented systems
Actions:

 Override the normal control system

 Take over the actuators

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 PLCs
PLC – Programmable Logic Controller

 Ladder logic
 Industrial computer that replaced relays
 Not a protocol converter
 Cannot control IEDs
 Communication compatibilities
 Takes actions based on its inputs

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 Communication
Communication systems:

 Switched Telephone Network

 Leased lines
 Private Network (LAN/RS-485)
 Internet
 Wireless Communication systems
 Wireless LAN
 Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM) Network
 Radio modems
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 Communication cont.
Protocols:

 MODBUS
 DNP 3.0
 Fieldbus
 Controller Area Network (CAN)
 Profibus
 DirectNet
 TCP/IP
 Ethernet

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 Front End Processor
Front End Processor

 Gathers all communications and converts them

into SCADA friendly communication
 Communication interface between several RTU
channels and the host Master Station computer

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 SCADA server
SCADA Server

 It can be a Web server

 Data logging
 Analyzing data
 Serve the clients through a firewall
 Clients connected in the corporation or connected
outside through internet
 Real-time decision maker
 Asks RTU for information
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 Historical server
Historical/Safety/Redundant Server

 Logs the data from the SCADA server and

stores it as a backup, in case of a disaster
 It is basically a safety server

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 HMI Computer
Human Machine Interface Computer

 Access on the SCADA Server

 Control the system
 Operator Interface
 Software
 User friendly
 Programmable (C, C++)

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 DCS
DCS – Distributed Control System

 Process oriented – tendency to do something

 Not event oriented – does not depend on circumstances
 Local control over the devices
 Subordinate to SCADA

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 Levels of SCADA
Four levels of SCADA system

 Level IV - Enterprise
 Corporate LAN/WAN
 World Wide Web
 Virtual Private Network
 Firewall for remote users
 Level III – SCADA / MTU
 Operator Workstations
 Control
 Engineering Workstations
 Servers – Data logging
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 Levels of SCADA cont.
Four levels of SCADA system

 Level II – Telecommunication
 Fiber
 Radio
 Telephone leased line
 Protocols
 Level I – Field
 Devices
 RTUs / PLCs
 Sensors

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Level IV - Enterprise

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Level III - SCADA

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Level II and I
Telecommunication and Field

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 Where is SCADA used?
Main SCADA applications:
 Water and Wastewater
 Power
 Oil and Gas
 Research facilities
 Transportation
 Security systems
 Siren systems
 Irrigation
 Communication control

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 NORWICH UNIVERISTY CENTER OF EXELLENCE IN DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM SECURITY

U.S. Infrastructure

Courtesy of Infrastructure Assurance Center

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SCADA examples
SCADA examples:

 Gas control systems

 Water control systems
 Power systems

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Gas SCADA NORWICH UNIVERISTY CENTER OF EXELLENCE IN DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM SECURITY

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Water SCADA NORWICH UNIVERISTY CENTER OF EXELLENCE IN DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM SECURITY

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Power SCADA NORWICH UNIVERISTY CENTER OF EXELLENCE IN DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM SECURITY

power
control
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SCADA system types

Three types of basic SCADA systems:

 Basic SCADA
 One machine process
 One RTU and MTU
 Integrated SCADA
 Multiple RTUs
 DCS
 Networked SCADA
 Multiple SCADA
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Basic SCADA

Car manufacturing robot

 Room temperature control

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Integrated SCADA

 Water systems
 Subway systems
 Security systems

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Networked SCADA

 Power systems
 Communication
systems

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Automation solutions
SCADA system manufacturers

 Modular SCADA, UK
 MOSCAD, Motorola
 Rockwell Automation
 ABCO
 ABB
 Lantronix

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SCADA Hardware
SCADA Hardware manufacturers

 Rockwell Allen Bradley

 General Electric (GE)
 Emerson
 Schneider Electric

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SCADA Software
SCADA Software manufacturers

 Intellution (Fix 32)

 Iconics (Genesis32 v7.0)
 Wonderware (InTouch)
 Citect (CitectSCADA 5.42)
 National Instruments (Lookout SCADA)

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Purpose of this research

 Develop a teaching module for a general SCADA system
 Develop a general model of a SCADA system
 Use LabView and wireless communication computers
to illustrate an example of the SCADA system
 Study the vulnerabilities of the SCADA system
 Create a freshman introduction module
 Create an upper level course for SCADA

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What is next?
 Use the Laptop1 to generate the wells, tanks, servers, RTUs
PLCs and the front end processor through SubVIs

 Use the Laptop2 to be the HMI Computer that connects to

Laptop1 and reads the data and also affect the devices

 And Laptop3 to simulate an attack at the SCADA system

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Conclusion
 There are thousands of SCADA systems installed and they
can be completely different from each other, in terms of
their structures but they all have common elements and
a common purpose – to supervise control and collect data.

 There are three types of SCADA systems that describe

all of the SCADA systems.

 Communication is the most significant part of SCADA

 Power and communication systems are most likely to

get attacked by terrorists.
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Discussion

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