UNIT 3-Forest and Us
Forest is an area that has a large number of trees.
The value of forest
Environmental
Economic
1.Environmental Benefit
• Habitats for plants and animals
• Minimises soil erosion and floods
• Beautifies landscape
• Influences the climate
• Absorbs air pollutions
• Cleans our air-Supply of oxygen for human life
• Wind breakers
2.Economic Benefit
• Firewood
• Building materials
• Making paper
• We NTFP- bamboo, mushroom etc
• Recreational grounds
• Food-vegetables and fruits
• Tourist attraction
Deforestation
• Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land
• The clearing of forests by humans
• The depletion of the forest is called deforestation.
Why are forests being
depleted(reduction)?
1.Urbanization and Expansion of cities
Urbanization is the increase in the proportion of people living in towns
and cities.
2.Farming
Farming is the process of growing crops and raising animals.
3.Logging and Lumbering
Logging the process of cutting down trees for commercial purposes.
Lumbering is the process of converting logs into lumber or wood products.
It is the process of harvesting of forests and utilizing the forest products for commercial use
4.Mining
Mining is the extracting of natural resources from the surface the Earth, including the
seas.
5.Road construction
Effect (consequences) of
Deforestation
• Biodiversity loss
• Desertification
• Soil Erosion
• Food insecurity
• Climate Change
• Flood
• Loss of Habitat
Agriculture and Farming
Differences between Farming and Agriculture
• Farming is part of agriculture
• Agriculture encompasses all aspects of production,
processing, and distribution of agricultural products.
• Farming refers to the actual practices of cultivating
land and raising livestock.
GREEN VEGETATION
• Green Revolution is the term used to describe the spread of
new agricultural technologies that dramatically increased
food production.
1. Plant breeding
2. Irrigation
3. Improve transport network
4. Credit facilities
5. Use of Pesticide
Factors affecting agriculture
The Physical and natural factors
1. Rainfall
2. Temperature
3. Wind
Relief
Soil
The human and economic factor
1. Capital 2. Labour 3.Management
4.Transport 5. New Technology
6.Government Policy 7.Demand an price fluctuations
UNIT 2:TYPES OF FARMING
Subsistence Farming. Subsistence farming is the practice of
growing crops and rearing animals for personal use.
Commercial farming is a large-scale farming approach that is
primarily focused on raising crops for the goal of profit.
Extensive farming or cultivation involves land tillage with an aim of
increasing output. Farmers increase the size of land
Intensive farming entails achieving maximum production within
confined land constraints
Poultry Farming
Poultry farming involves raising birds for
meat and eggs, such as chickens, turkeys,
and ducks.
Mixed farming involves growing of crops and rearing
of animals on the same piece of land.
Apiary
Apiary farming refers to keeping bees in a small space
to produce significant amounts of honey.
Nomadic farming involves farmers moving with their
animals from one place to another in search of pasture
and water.
Fish farming is also known as aquaculture.
Pastoral Farming is one type of farming commonly
used in damp or cold locations where crops cannot grow.
Animals are raised on steep hills instead of crops, and
the income comes from meats, furs, and other
secondary goods like milk and butter.
Dairy Farming is the domestication of animals like
goats, sheep and cows for the production
of dairy products and milk.
Marketing Gardening is the production of vegetables,
Shifting cultivation is a subsistence type of farming whereby a plot
of land is cleared, temporarily harvested for short periods of time
and then abandoned
A fallow is a stage of crop rotation whereby the land is deliberately not
used to grow a crop.
Shifting cultivation is practiced mainly in the tropics.
Shifting Cultivation
Shifting Cultivation Process
(a). Each year farmers choose an area for planting.
(b). They have to remove vegetation that typically covers the land.
(c). They cut most of the trees with the help of axes, which are
economically
helpful.
(d). After that, they burn the debris carefully.
(e). Rains mix the ashes into the soil, which provide needed
nutrients.
(f). They cultivate the cleared land only briefly, usually three or fewer
Wet padi farming
• It is the cultivation of rice by planting on dry land, transferring
the seedlings to a flooded field, and draining the field before
harvesting.
• Intensive wet-rice farming is dominant in southeastern China, East India, and
much of Southeast Asia.
• Wet rice is most easily grown on flat land because the plants are submerged
in water much of the time.
• Most wet-rice cultivation takes place in river valleys and deltas.
Plantation farming
• Plantation agriculture refers to a large-scale
agricultural system in which a single crop or a
few crops are grown extensively.
• Asia is noted for several plantation cash crops, of which
the most important are tea, rubber, palm oil, coconuts,
and sugarcane.
