WORLD OZONE
DAY
2023
P K SELVI, Scientist E
CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
BENGALURU
THE THEME FOR THE
CELEBRATION OF
16TH SEPTEMBER
WORLD OZONE
DAY, 2023
"MONTREAL PROTOCOL:
fixing the ozone layer and reducing climate
change"
This year's World Ozone Day seeks to
highlight, the Montreal Protocol does so much -
such as slowing climate change and
helping to boost energy efficiency in the
cooling sector, which contributes to food
security.
India is a signatory to
Montreal Protocol agreed
upon on 16th September
1987 & The Vienna
Convention for the
Protection of the Ozone
Layer adopted in 1985
and entered into force
India, accelerating its efforts toward more sustainable
cooling, launched its strategic document ‘India Cooling
Action Plan’ (ICAP) in March 2019. The ICAP vision
document lays down India’s 20-year (2017–18 to 2037–
38) action plan with the following goals:
• Reduction of cooling demand across sectors by 20 to
25 per cent by the year 2037–38
• Reduction of refrigerant demand by 25 to 30 per cent
by the year 2037–38
• Reduction of cooling energy requirements by 25 to 40
per cent by the year 2037–38
• Training and certification of 100,000 servicing sector
technicians by the year 2022–23, synergizing with Skill
India Mission
OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES (REGULATION AND CONTROL)
AMENDMENT RULES 2019
Early phase-out of high-ODP and high-GWP chemicals /
adoption of low-GWP technical options
(i) Banning the use of CFCs and halons in the manufacturing of new equipment from
1 January 2003.
(ii) Phase-out of production and consumption of virgin halons from 2002.
(iii) Accelerated phase-out of production and consumption of CFCs with effect from
1 August 2008, 17 months ahead of the Montreal Protocol phase-out schedule, except for
use of pharmaceutical grade CFCs in manufacturing of Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs) for
Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and other respiratory ailments
within the country and other Article 5 countries.
(iv) Adoption of low-GWP options, wherever feasible, since inception of the implementation
of the phase-out of ODS.
(v) Conversion of entire foam manufacturing in the country from HCFCs to low-GWP foam-
blowing agents.
(vi) Conversion of room air conditioner manufacturing lines from HCFC-22 to lower GWP
refrigerant (HFC-32) during the implementation of HPMP Stage-II.
The study has estimated that the GHG emissions reduction due to implementation of the
Montreal Protocol would be in the range of 778–1176 million tonnes CO2 e by 2030.
MONTREAL
PROTOCOL
& Kigali
Agreement
CFCs which were widely used as refrigerants,
propellants and solvents have been replaced in
some applications by HFCs.
CFCs, potent GHGs eliminated thereby emission
into atmosphere reduced climate change.
Recognition of this unintended consequence led
to 2016 Kigali Agreement controlling the
production and consumption of several HFCs.
Thus, projected climate impact in 2100 has
been reduced from 0.3 - 0.5 C to less than 0.05
C
MILESTONES – ODS Phase Out
Meetings of international experts beginning in 1979 produced
the first of a series of in-depth scientific assessments of ozone
depletion.
UNEP Expert Working Group resulting VIENNA CONVENTION
for the protection of the OZONE layer adopted by 21 countries in
March 1985.
The full scientific assessment report published in late 1985 and
summary noted the first evidence of ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE,
Albeit.
Two years later, the MONTREAL PROTOCOL on substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer was adopted to control, at least
INDIA ANNOUNCED COMPLETE
PHASE-OUT OF HCFC- 141B AS ON
1ST JANUARY, 2020 IN FOAM
SECTOR, UNDER OZONE
DEPLETING SUBSTANCES
(REGULATION AND CONTROL)
AMENDMENT RULES, 2014 AND
INDIA IS NOW PHASING OUT TH
E NEXT C AT E G O R Y OF CHEMICA
LS, HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBO
(NHS C F S ) A S P E R T H E A C C E L E R AT E
D
PHASE-OU SCHEDUL OF THE
T MONTRE E PROTOC AND HAS
AL ALREADMO
E TL 2015 AND
Y TA R G E T S . 202
PHASE-OU PHASE- 0 T
P
T RC O
ODM UP C
LETION AO
NUDT C O N S U M P T I OHNE
O
TEF HCFCS WILL BE BY 2030 WOF
IT
H A SERVICE TA I L OF 2.5% AN
N U A L AV E R A G E D U R I N G T H E P E R I O
D 2 0 3 0 - 2040 .
T H E I S S UA N C E O F I M P O R T L I C E N S E F O R H C F C - 1 4 1 B
IS
PROHIBITED FROM 1 ST J A N U A R Y, 2
020 UNDER OZONE
DEPLETING S U B S TA N C E S ( R E G U L AT I O N A N D CO
NTROL) AMENDMENT RULES, 2 0 1 9S . O. N O. 47
24 (E) D AT E D 31 ST DECEMBER, 2019.
To synergize the Refrigeration and
Air-conditioning servicing sector
training under HPMP Stage-II with
the Skill India Mission of the
Government of India, in order to
multiply the impact of skilling and
training. Under the Pradhan Mantri
Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
around 38,000 service technicians in
the Refrigeration and Servicing
Sector have been up-skilled and
certified.
THE LEVELS OF
CHLORINE AND
BROMINE-CONTAINING
SUBSTANCES AT THE
VIRTUALLY EXPLORE THE MOST VISITED DESTINATIONS ON EARTH
SURFACE PEAKED IN
ABOUT 1995 AND MOST
ARE NOW STEADILY
DECREASING. IT IS NOW
WONDERS OF
PROJECTED THAT THE
THE WORLD
ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE
WILL DISAPPEAR IN 2060.
IMPACTS - CLIMATE
CHANGE
“The Antarctic ozone hole
is expected to gradually
close, with springtime total
column ozone returning to
1980 values shortly after
mid-century (about 2060).
Arctic springtime total
ozone is expected to return
to 1980 values before mid-
centruy (about
2030s)”
“The Kigali Amendment,
assuming global
compliance, is projected
to reduce future radiative
forcing
by due
about 50to %
HFCs 205
0
in compared to scenari
a
without any HFC o
controls”
Ozone in the stratosphere
screens out biologically
damaging UV radiation.
Excessive uV leads to melanoma
and non-melanoma skin cancer,
cataracts and other health
problems in humans.
IF action hadnt been taken,
growing emissions of ods would
have destroyed TWO THirds of
ozone layer by 2065. 25
SDGs
SDGs Click to add text
400 million Tons of heavy
metals, solvents, toxic
sludge and other industrial
wastes enter WORLD’s
WATER annually. UN
REPORT, 2022
The Stratospheric ozone layer that protects life from ultraviolet radiation
has started to recover and should return to its pre-1980 levels by mid-
century as long as countries continue to eliminate the production and
consumption of ozone-depleting chemicals as agreed under the MONTREAL
PROTOCOL. 27
Stratospheric Aerosol Injection and
Its Potential Effect on the Stratospheric Ozone Layer
Ambitious mitigation and decarbonization efforts are required to
minimize the likely overshoot of temperatures above this limit and to
stabilize global surface temperatures in the future. However, with a
temperature over shoot, irreversible impacts on the climate system may
still occur.
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) has been suggested as a potential
mechanism for reflecting sunlight back to space, thereby offsetting some
of the surface warming. Evidence from explosive volcanic eruptions and
various model simulations has shown that increasing stratospheric
sulfate aerosols can substantially cool the planet.
The influence of hydrogen as an energy carrier on
stratospheric ozone remains uncertain. Hydrogen-
based energy will likely play a role in a future non- or
reduced-fossil economy. However, if it is not a
dominant energy carrier, it is unlikely that it will
significantly affect ozone.
Rocket launches presently have a small effect on
total stratospheric ozone (much less than 0.1%).
However, rocket systems using new propellants (e.g.,
hydrogen and methane) could exert a substantial
influence in the future.
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, 2022: WMO, Geneva
Research & Development
Environmental agencies in
CAN THE WORLD LEAVE
five countries — Denmark,
‘FOREVER CHEMICALS’ BEHIND? Germany, the Netherlands,
A European agency is Norway and Sweden —
considering a proposal to ban
PFASs, the fluorinated would heavily restrict the
chemicals used in jet engines,
electric cars, refrigeration manufacture of more than
systems, semiconductors and
many consumer products. By
12,000 substances,
XiaoZhi Lim collectively known as
NATURE, 3 AUG 2023 forever chemicals i.e. per-
NATURE, 3 Aug 2023 and poly-fluoroalkyl
substances (PFASs).
Research & Development
Small, light fluorocarbon molecules
that generally exist as gases or
liquids. R134a, the asthma-inhaler
propellant, is also a common refrigerant
in refrigerators and mobile air-
conditioning systems, for instance.
There is an ongoing switch to
hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) . These
contain a double bond between two
carbon atoms, a link that’s susceptible
to attack by atmospheric compounds,
which helps these molecules to break
apart in weeks.
Research & Development
The proposal will spur innovative research for
applications that don’t have obvious
alternatives to fluorinated chemicals. And for
those that do, Wang hopes the proposal and
market changes that follow could act as a
“lighthouse”, as he puts it: showing
industries around the world how to ditch
forever chemicals for good.
References
https://ozonecell.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Quota-Order-2023.pdf
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1859829
https://www.nextias.com/current-affairs/17-09-2022/international-day-for-the-
preservation-of-the-ozone-layer/
https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/ozone-layer-recovery-
track-helping-avoid-global-warming-05degc
https://ozonecell.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/02_ICAP.mp4
THANK
YOU
P K SELVI – Sc E, CPCB
pkselvi.cpcb@nic.in /
www.cpcb.nic.in
Presentation title 36
IMPACT OF MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON
Refrigerants and Air Conditioning Applications & Technologies
THA NK Y
OU
ALL
!!!
!
Drop us your comments and
feedback at
pkselvi.rdb@ gmail.c om
