Introduction
The word AIDS stand for Acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome. This means deficiency of immune system ,
acquired during lifetime of an individual.
Syndrome means a group of symptoms.
AIDS was first reported in 1981 and in the last 25 years or so ,
it has spread all over the world killing more than 25 million
person.
AIDS is caused by the Human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), a member of a group of viruses called retrovirus, which
have an envelope enclosing the RNA genome.
WHERE DID HIV COME
FROM
• The predominant forms of HIV originated
in chimpanzees in central Africa and probably
entered the human population between 1890 and
1920. Evidence does not support claims that HIV
was man-made or spread during polio vaccination
campaigns. HIV-1 was spreading at a low level in
the Congo basin between 1920 and 1970.
What is HIV?
HIV (human immunodeficiency
virus ) is an infection that attacks
.
the body immune system
specifically the white blood cells
called CD4 cells.
• HIV is a virus that weakens your immune system.
AIDS is a condition
that can happen as a result of an HIV infection when
your immune system is severely weakened.
Difference between hiv and aids
.
1) HIV is spread by infected person blood .
2) HIV is spread by semen and fluid.
3)HIV is also spread by infected mother breast
milk.
HIV is spread by
4)HIV is spread by vaginal fluid.
LIFE CYCLE OF HIV
Replication of Retrovirus
• After getting into the body of the person, the virus enters into macrophages where
RNA genome of the virus replicates to form viral DNA with the help of the enzyme
reverse transcriptase. This viral DNA gets incorporated into host cell’s DNA and
directs the infected cells to produce virus particles . The macrophages continue to
produce virus and in this way acts like a HIV factory. Simultaneously, HIV enters
into helper T-lymphocytes (TH ), replicates and produce progeny viruses. The
progeny viruses released in the blood attack other helper T-lymphocytes. This is
repeated leading to a progressive decrease in the number of helper T-lymphocytes
in the body of the infected person.
. .
During this period, the person suffers from bouts of fever,
diarrhoea and weight loss. Due to decrease in the number of
helper T lymphocytes, the person starts suffering from
infections that could have been otherwise overcome such as
those due to bacteria especially Mycobacterium, viruses, fungi
and even parasites like Toxoplasma. The patient becomes so
immuno-deficient that he/she is unable to protect
himself/herself against these infection
HIV IS NOT SPREAD BY
1) It is note that HIV is note spread by mere touch or physical contact
like shaking hands , hugging etc.
2) HIV is not spread by insect. insect do not become infected and their
saliva does not contain the virus.
3) HIV is not spread blood or organ donatation . People who donate organs
are never in direct contact with the people who receive them. Likewise, a
person who donates blood is never in contact with the person receiving it.
In all of these procedures, sterile needles and instruments are used.
Symptoms
The symptoms of HIV and AIDS vary depending on the person
and the phase of infection.
1) Fever (weak immune system)
2) Headache
3) Cough
4) Weight loss
5) Diarrrhea
..
• Intestinal infections are also common
• Abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Swallowing problem
• Swollen lymph glands
Myths about hiv
• 1. ‘HIV and AIDS are the same things
HIV is the name of a virus. AIDS (what we now call late stage or
advanced HIV) is the name for a collection of illnesses caused by this
virus
2. ‘HIV is a death sentence
Before advances in HIV treatment, someone diagnosed with HIV in
the 1980s and early 1990s may have only been given a few years to
live. But today people living with HIV can live long healthy lives, if
they are on treatment.
.
4. ‘Condoms are the only way to prevent
HIV’
Condoms are an effective way to prevent HIV
transmission but there’s also a pill you can take to
protect against HIV.
5. ‘People with HIV can’t have children’
You can have children if you are living with HIV if you
are on effective treatment and have an undetectable
viral load – the risk of HIV being passed on to the
baby is just 0.1%.
6. ‘HIV only affects gay men’
HIV can, and does, affect anyone of any age,
sexuality, ethnicity or gender. In the UK, around half
of people living with HIV are gay and bi men and the
other half are straight people.
Prevention of AIDS
• 1) Avoid multiple sex partner .
• 2) Do not share needles with anyone.
• 3) using condom .
• 4) Do not inject drugs.
• 5) In case of doubt get tested for HIV.
HOW IS HIV TREATED
• The treatment for HIV is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART involves taking a
combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day. ART is
recommended for everyone who has HIV. People with HIV should start taking HIV
medicines as soon as possible.
.
