Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s

Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon-423 603

(An Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune)
NACC ‘A’ Grade Accredited, ISO 9001:2015 Certified

Department of Electrical Engineering

Subject- PLC & SCADA

[Electrive II (317 C)]
Unit 3 - PLC Programming -II

B. B. Kadam
Assistant Professor
E-mail : kadambhushanelect@sanjivani.org,in
Contact No: 7020447673

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 Contents
1. PLC Timer & Counter functions,
2. Timer & Counter Industrial applications,
3. Arithmetic functions,Comparison functions, Jump functions, Data handling functions,
Digital Bit functions, PLC matrix Functions,
4. Advanced PLC Functions:
5. Analog PLC operation,
6. Comparison & Math operations,Shift Register & Sequencer instructions.
7. Applications using Advanced PLC Programming instructions.
8. Interfacing of Input and Output devices with PLC.
9. Sourcing & sinking,
10.Classification of input & output modules,
11.Programming ON/OFF Inputs to produce ON/OFF outputs.
12.Analog PLC operation, PID controller
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 1. PLC Timer & Counter functions

❖ The timer is used to indicate that the input is turned ON/OFF

or to create a delay.

❖ Counters are used to count the set of events that have

occurred and the latch or unlatch is used to lock something ON
or to turn it off.

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 A timer has certain parts such as time base, accumulated value, timer
address, and preset value.
● Accumulated value – This is a current number of time-based intervals that have been counted from the moment
when the timer is energized.
● Preset value – This value is set by the programmer, if the preset value is less than or equal to the accumulated value
then a status bit is set and this bit is to control an output device.
● Each timer is composed of two status bit
● Timer enable-bit – This bit will be set if the rung condition to the left of the timer instruction is true and when this
bit is set then the accumulated value will be incremented on each time base interval till it reaches the preset value.
● Done bit – This bit will be set if the preset value and the accumulated value are equal and it will be reset if the rung
condition is false.

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 2. Timer & Counter Industrial applications

❖ Types of timers:-

ON delay timer:-

This is widely used for PLC programming we can also create other timer functions by using an on-delay timer

The timer would delay the turning ON time in a system

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OFF delay timer

This is the exact opposite of the on delay timer, this timer would delays the turning off.

The output will be turned off after a delay, so when this timer is turned on then the output is also turned on

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 Counters:-
● The counters are needed in a PLC to detect the numbers and events, mostly the controller needs to
operate with the counters.
● The counters are used to eliminate the requirement of relays to represent the events that have
occurred.
● The counters are used to index, increment, or decrement the values.
● The counter would count from zero to the predetermined value and it is the preset value.
● Mostly the counters are used in PLC to count items an example of this will be counting the cans which
go into a box on an assembly line
● The counters can help to log to SCADA systems, they would count the number of times the event has
happened or it would set the alarm when the event happens for a certain amount of time.
● The counters consist of variables and it is used to store the numbers in the PLC.

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 Counters:-

● UP counter
This counter is used to count up, the Up counter will count from zero up to the pre-set value and events
will be added till the number reaches the preset value.
So when the counter reaches the set value then its contacts would change state. .
● Down counter
This is another step that is widely used in a PLC, this type of counter will count down.
By using a down counter we can determine how many counts are remaining before the limit is reached.
By using a down counter we can count down from a certain number till it reaches zero.

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3. Arithmetic functions,Comparison functions, Jump functions, Data handling
functions, Digital Bit functions, PLC matrix Functions

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Types of Comparison Instructions

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JMP AND LBL FUNCTION

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 Data handling functions

Move (MOV) Instructions

This output instruction moves the source value to the destination location. As long as the rung remains true, the instruction
moves the data on each scan.

Bitwise And (AND) Instruction

This instruction performs a bit-by-bit logical AND. The operation is performed using the value at source A and the value at
source B. The result is stored in the destination.

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Clear (CLR) Instruction
The CLR instruction is used to set the destination value of a word to zero.

Masked Move (MVM) instructions

The MVM instruction is a word instruction that moves data from a source location to a destination and allows portions of the
destination data to be masked by a separate word.

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 Programs on ON Delay and Off Delay Timers

● Design a ladder logic for three motors M1,M2 and M3.In this
operation M1 starts first and then M2.M3 starts after 5 second of
motor M2.Use On Delay timer.
● Design a ladder logic for three motors M1,M2 and M3.When a S1
switch is pressed M1 gets stop after 5sec, M2 gets stop after 10 sec
and M3 gets stop after 15 sec.Use Off Delay timers.

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Programs on ON Delay and Off Delay Timers

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Design a ladder logic for traffic light for the following condition.The timed sequence of the lights is: Red—30 s on
Green—25 s on Amber—5 s on.The sequence then repeats itself

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● Design a ladder logic for a motor which should to stop running after 10 operations using up counter.

● Design a ladder logic application for an up/down-counter is to keep count of the cars that enter and leave a parking garage. The
operation of the program can be summarized as follows: As a car enters, the enter switch triggers the up counter output instruction
and increments the accumulated count by1. As a car leaves, the exit switch triggers the down counter output instruction and
decrements the accumulated count by 1.Whenever the accumulated value of 150 equals the preset value of 150 the Red light should
be indicated

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The program illustrates how the move (MOV) instruction can be used to create variable preset counter values. The operation of the
program can be summarized as follows:

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 4. Advanced PLC Functions

❖ http://engineeronadisk.com/V3/engineeronadisk-159.html#:~:text=Advanced%20PLC
%20functions%20go%20beyond,capabilities%20like%20full%20programming
%20languages.&text=Note%3A%20When%20executing%20most%20ladder,the
%20values%20are%20changed%20imediately.

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 5. Analog PLC operation

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6. Comparison & Math operations,Shift Register & Sequencer instructions

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 7. Applications using Advanced PLC Programming
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Application of PLC in Industry Uses of PLC in Power Station
1. Transportation Systems like Escalators and Elevators 1. Smart Grid System to Monitor and Detect Fault
2. Packing and Labeling System in Food & Beverage: Conditions
3. PLC in Glass Industries for the Production of Glass
2. Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution System
4. Paper Production Industry
5. Automatic Drainage Water Pump Monitoring and 3. Power Substation Automation.
Controlling System 4. Automatic Operation of Electrical Equipment
6. Distributed Control System in the Cement 5. Underground Coal Mines or Water Level Sensing and
Manufacturing Industry Data Survey
7. Oil and Gas Industries for Controlling
6. PLC-Based Induction Motor
Commercial Applications of PLC
7. Oil and Gas Automation Power Plant
1. Smart Traffic Control Signal System Applications of PLC in Mechatronics
2. Fire Detection and Alarm System 1. Industrial Robotics
3. Automatic Machine Handling System 2. Automated Assembly Lines:
4. Automatic Vehicle Washer System 3. Packaging and Labeling Systems:
5. Automated Guided Vehicle System 4. Car Parking Management System
6. Wind Turbine Operation
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8. Interfacing of Input and Output devices with PLC

PLC

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9.Sourcing and Sinking

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 10. Classification of input & output modules,

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❖ Digital PLC Inputs

A) START/STOP Push Buttons

B) Proximity Sensors
C) Limit Switches
● Temperature Limit Switches or Thermostats:
These switches monitor temperature changes in a PLC-controlled system by indicating when minimum or maximum
system temperatures are attained. Thermostats can either be Normally Closed (NC) or Normally Open (NO) depending on
the type of industrial application.
● Pressure Limit Switches: They change their state whenever the liquid or gas in a container attains a specified high
enough pressure. For this reason, they are mainly used in liquid or gas containers where pressure regulation is crucial.
Pressure limit switches are either Normally Open (NO) or Normally Closed (NC).
● Level Limit Switches: Level switches also known as Level Sensors, are used to regulate the height of liquid within a
container, usually a tank. They are mainly utilized in PLC systems controlling liquid levels in conjunction with inlet and
outlet valves.

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Analog Field Input Devices in PLCs Analog PLC Outputs
A) Temperature Transmitter,
A) Thermocouple Sensors B) Thermocouples,
B) Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) C) Pressure Transmitter,
D) Flow Transmitter,
C) Displacement Sensors
E) Level Transmitter, etc.
Digital PLC Outputs
A) Indicator Lights
B) Alarms
C) Actuators
D) Solenoid Valves

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 Department
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