MECHANICAL
VIBRATION INTO
ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY
INTRODUCTION
What is Vibration-to-Electrical Energy
Conversion?
This process involves converting mechanical vibrations,
like those from sound waves, mechanical movements, or
even human motion, into electrical energy. This
conversion relies on the principle of piezoelectricity, a
phenomenon discovered in the late 19th century.
Why it is important ?
This technology is gaining significance for its
potential applications in energy harvesting and
sensing devices. By capturing ambient vibrations
from surrounding environments, it can power small
electronics and provide real-time monitoring in
various fields.
PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT
The piezoelectric effect is the phenomenon where certain materials generate an electric charge when subjected to mechanical
stress, such as pressure, vibration, or deformation. Conversely, applying an electric field to these materials causes them to
deform or change shape.
How Piezoelectric Materials Common Piezoelectric
Generate Electricity? Materials
Quartz, a naturally occurring mineral, is a
The internal structure of piezoelectric materials
classic example of a piezoelectric material.
consists of electric dipoles aligned in a specific
direction. When mechanical stress is applied, these Certain ceramics, such as lead zirconate
dipoles are distorted, causing a separation of charges titanate (PZT), are also widely used due to their
and generating a voltage. This electrical potential is
proportional to the applied force and the material's high piezoelectric coefficients and ability to
piezoelectric properties withstand high temperatures.
Components
A typical piezoelectric transducer consists of a piezoelectric
element, usually a thin disc or wafer, sandwiched between two
electrodes. These electrodes act as the interfaces for transmitting
the electrical signal generated by the piezoelectric element.
Mechanism
When vibrations are applied to the piezoelectric element, it
experiences mechanical stress, causing it to deform. This
deformation triggers the piezoelectric effect, generating a small
voltage across the electrodes. The voltage generated is directly
proportional to the magnitude and frequency of the vibrations.
APPLICATIONS
• Piezoelectric energy harvesters can capture ambient vibrations from
sources like human movement, machinery, or traffic noise to power
small electronic devices like watches, wireless sensors, and medical
implants.
• Piezoelectric sensors are employed in a wide range of applications,
including structural health monitoring, vibration analysis in machinery,
and acoustic sensing. These sensors can detect vibrations and convert
them into electrical signals, providing valuable data for diagnosis and
control
• Piezoelectric actuators use the converse piezoelectric effect to convert
electrical signals into mechanical motion, making them suitable for
precision positioning, microfluidic devices, and ultrasonic motors
ADVANTAGES
• No External Power Source Required
• Compact Size
• Durable
• High Sensitivity
CONCLUSIONS
Further advancements in this field are expected to lead to the
development of self-powered devices, optimized for specific
applications, and improved energy harvesting systems capable of
powering larger devices, contributing to a more sustainable future.
THANK YOU
PRESENTED BY MASUM ANSARI
