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FORCE, TYPES, & SYSTEM OF FORCES
The document discusses various types of forces including contact forces, body forces, point forces, distributed forces, frictional forces, wind forces, and cohesive and adhesive forces. It also describes characteristics of forces such as magnitude, direction, and point of application. Additionally, it covers concepts like Newton's third law of motion, systems of forces, resolution of forces, and fundamental principles of mechanics including transmissibility, the parallelogram law of forces, gravitation, and superposition.
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The presentation begins by introducing Lukhdhirji Engineering College in Morvi, followed by a list of enrolled students.
Definitions of force, its characteristics (magnitude, direction, nature, point of application) and its unit, Newton.
Overview of various types of forces including contact, body, point, distributed, external, internal, frictional, wind, hydrostatic, cohesive, and adhesive forces.
Explanation of contact forces (forces due to direct contact) and body forces (forces acting without contact).
Definitions of point forces (acting at a point) and distributed forces (spread over a large area).
Difference between external forces (acting on a body due to weight) and internal forces (resistance within a shape).
Explanation of action and reaction forces as per Newton’s third law.
Defining frictional forces, wind forces, and the concepts of cohesion (same material) and adhesion (different materials).
Definition of hydrostatic forces exerted by water on objects.
Overview of different systems of forces such as coplanar, concurrent, collinear, and their types.
Definitions of coplanar forces, concurrent forces, collinear forces, along with non-coplanar forces and parallel forces.
Discussion on the resolution of forces into components with an example calculation.
Explains principles like transmissibility, superposition, law of gravitation, and the parallelogram law of forces.
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FORCE, TYPES, & SYSTEM OF FORCES
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- 2. GUIDED BY: KishorB. Vaghela SR.NO ENRROLMENT NUMBER NAME 1. 140313106002 BADGHA RAHUL 2. 140313106012 MANISH KUMAR JHA 3. 140313106014 NAKUM JITESH 4. 140313106023 VADHER KESHU 5. 140313106006 KUBAVAT REENA
- 3. FORCE An agentwhich produces or tends to produce , destroy or tends to destroy motion of a body is called force. Unit of force is Newton. It is a vector quantity.
- 4. CHARACHTERISTIC OF AFORCE MAGNITUDE: Magnitude of force may be 10kn etc. DIRECTION: It has certain fixed direction. NATURE: It may be tensile or compressive. POINT OF APPLICATION: Point at which force acts.
- 5. TYPES OF FORCES Contact Force Body Force Point Force Distributed Force External Force Internal Force Frictional Force Wind Force Hydrostatic Force Cohesive & Adhesive Force etc.
- 6. CONTACT FORCES Forceproduced by direct contact of bodies is known as contact force. It may be of pull type or push type.
- 7. BODY FORCES Forcesproduced without contact of the bodies is called body force. It is the force holds together the particles forming the rigid bodies.
- 8. POINT FORCES Forceacting at a point is called point force. It acts on a very small area, compared to total surface area.
- 9. DISTRIBUTED FORCE When forceis distributed over large area it is called distributed force.
- 10. EXTERNAL & INTERNALFORCE The force exerted by weight on a body is external force, while the resistance offered to retain its shape is called internal force.
- 11. ACTION & RECTION As per Newton’s third law, whenever a body exerts force (action) on other body. The other body exerts similar force on the former body known as reaction. Action= Reaction
- 12. FRICTIONAL FORCE Resistingforce offered during sliding of a body by the surface in contact is called frictoinal forces.
- 13. WIND FORCE Forceexerted by wind when it is obstructed by any object.
- 14. COHESION & ADHESION Force developed between molecules of same material is called cohesive forces. Force developed between molecules of different materials is called adhesive force.
- 15. HYDROSTATIC FORCE Forceexerted by water on a body when it is obstructed by a body.
- 16. SYSTEM OF FORCES Whentwo or more forces act on a body, they are called to form a system of forces. Coplanar Forces Concurrent Forces Collinear Forces Coplanar Concurrent Forces Coplanar non Concurrent Forces Non coplanar Concurrent Forces Non coplanar Non concurrent Forces Like parallel Forces Unlike parallel Forces Spatial Forces
- 17. COPLANAR FORCES Forceswhose line of action lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar forces.
- 18. CONCURRENT FORCES Theforces which meet at one point, are known as concurrent forces.
- 19. CO-LINEAR FORCES Theforces whose line of action lie on the same line, are known as collinear force.
- 20. COPLANAR CONCURRENT FORCES Forces which meet at one point & lines of action also lie on the same plane are known as coplanar concurrent forces.
- 21. NON-COPLANAR CONCURRENT FORCES Forceswhose line of action do not lie on the same plane, but they meet at one point.
- 22. COPLANAR NON-CONCURRENT FORCES Theforces whose line of action lie on the same plane but they do not meet at one point are known as coplanar non-concurrent forces.
- 23. NON-COPLANAR NON-CONCURRENT FORCES Forceswhose line of action do not lie on the same plane & they do not meet at any point.
- 24. LIKE PARALLEL FORCES Forces whose line of action are parallel to each other & all of them act in same direction.
- 25. UNLIKE PARALLEL FORCES Forces whose line of action are parallel to each other but all of them do not act in the same direction.
- 26. SPATIAL FORCES Forcesacting in the space are known as spatial forces. Forces acting in space but meeting at one point are known as spatial concurrent forces.
- 27. RESOLVED FORCES Splitingof forces into their component unit is called resolution of forces. This is the reverse process which consist of expressing a single force in terms of their components.
- 28. Example x y 6 N 30 N 50° 20N 35° 5 N X = 20 cos 35 – 30 sin 50 – 5 = - 11.5983 Y = 6 – 20 sin 35 – 30 cos 50 = - 24.7552 22 YX R = = 27.3 N = X Y1 tan = 64.9°
- 29. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF MECHANICS Principle of transmissibility Principle of superposition Law of gravitation Law of parallelogram of forces
- 30. The Principle ofTransmissibility “A force may be applied at any point on its given line of action without altering the resultant effects external to the rigid body on which it acts.” We can slide the force along its line of action. (force can be considered as sliding vector) F F = ? The two force can be considered equivalent if …… If we concerns only about the external resultant effects on rigid body.
- 31. PARALLELOGRAM LAWOF FORCES If two forces acting simultaneously on a particle, be represented in magnitude & direction by the two adjacent sides of a parallelogram: their resultant may be represented in magnitude & direction by the diagonal of the parallelogram which passes through the point of intersection.
- 32. Law of Gravitation 2 r GMm F - M & m are particle masses - G is the universal constant of gravitation, 6.673 x 10-11 m3/kg-s2 - r is the distance between the particles. For Gravity on earth (at sea level) where - m is the mass of the body in question - g = GM/R2 = 9.81 m/s2 (32.2 ft/s2) m M W=mg v r W mg M m r F
- 33. PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION If two equal and opposite collinear forces are added or removed from the system of forces, there will be no change in the system & position of body.