Uloliwe
Uloliwe yingqokolela yeenqwelo mafutha ehamba ngaphezu kwendlela eyenzelwe yakhe. Iinqwelo mafutha ezikule ngqokolela zibizwa ngokuba zii-moto (e-United States) okanye zii-wagons (e-United Kingdom). Amaxesha amaninzi, abantu bazibiza ii-Coaches okanye amakhareji ezo ngqokolela zithwala abantu. Indawo apho uloliwe ama kuyo ukuze akhwelise okanye ehlise abantu ibizwa ngokuba sisitishi sikaloliwe. Ololiwe bamandulo babesebenzisa amandla ehashe kwaye babebaleka kwimizila eyenziwe ngeenkuni okanye nge-iron. ezi ke zazisetyenziswa ngamaxesha e-Middle Ages. Oololiwe bokuqala ababehamba ngamalahle bakhiwa eNgilane kwumnyaka wenkulungwane ye-19.
Oololiwe baneematshini abarhuqwa ngazo (isenokuba iyazihambela okanye ihamba ngomatshini) kwaye banemoto enye nangaphezulu. Le ndawo irhuqa uloliwe okanye injini kaloliwe (intloko kaloliwe) itsala uludwe lweemoto olusemva kwayo. Abanye oololiwe banokala ngokungathi luhlobo olulodwa lwebhasi tolunokuqhutywa kuphela kumzila woololiwe. Oololiwe basetyenziselwa ukuthwala abantu, njenge-cargo, njengeempahla ezithwalwa ziinqwelo ezihamba ngamafutha, xa zingeniswa/zikhutshelwa ngaphandle, njalo njalo.
Iintlobo-ntlobo zikaloliwe
[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]I-Freight
[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]Ifreight okanye igutsi ineemoto zayo (ngokwase-US) okanye iigutsi zokulayisha iimpahla (ngokwase-UK) zizisusa endaweni ethile zizisa kwenye indawo. Ezinye zazo zii- moto zebhokisi (iimoto ezivaliweyo nezifulelweyo ukuze zilayishwe kwi-cargo); ezinye zazo zikhethekile ukuze zithwale ii-cargo ezizodwa. Oovimba bokugcina iimoto ezilayisha isanti, amalahle, nelitye elineeminerals kunye nezinye iintlalutye (ezibusanti ngokwenkangeleko), iimoto ezinomva wazo okwaziyo ukubeleka ezinye iimoto kunye neematshini ezinkulu, iimoto ezilayisha amatanki amanzi, iimoto ezilayisha amagongqo kunye neemoto ezilayisha iibhotile ze-molten iron. Ubukhulu becala nayiphi na into engekho nkulu kuyaphi nengenakungquba kwi-tunnel nakwiibhlorho ingahanjiswa ngeegutsi eziluhlobo olulodwa.
Abakhweli
[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]Abakhweli bakaloliwe baneemoto zabakhweli (e-US)okanye babaneebhasi (e-UK) ezenzelwe aba bantu ukuze bakhwele kuzo xa besuka kwesinye isikhululo sikaloliwe besiya kwesinye. Imbalwa imigama emide yabakhweli bakaloliwe e-United States, kodwa ingaphezulu e-Europe nase-Asia. Uninzi lweemoto zabakhweli lwenziwe lwazi- single-deckers: kukwakho neemoto zabakhweli ezizii-double-decker, ezifana neemoto ze-Finnish Inter-City.
Ukuhamba ngololiwe kuhlala kuyindlela yokuhamba emnandi kakhulu. Oololiwe abaninzi banobuxhakaxhaka bombane kunye neengcingo zokuxhumana ezizii-Wi-Fi hotspots ezisetyenziswa kwiikhompyutha, kunye negumbi elilodwa ekutyelwa nekuselwa kulo. Kukwakho namagunjana okulala (amagunjana aziinqwelo aneebhedi) ezilungiselelwe uhambo olude lwasebusuku.
Abanye oololiwe abalwatyuza ngesantya esiphuzulu ngokungaqhelelkanga kwiindawo ezizodwa babizwa ngokuba zii-"bullet trains". Ezimbalwa nezo zibaleka ngesantya esiphezulu zingoololiwe ababizwa ngolwimi lwesiNgesi njenge-zii-maglev trains zona ke zisebenzisa oozibuthe ukutshayelwa okanye ukutyhala izinto ezinokudala ukhuhlwano.
Iqela labasebenzi
[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]- Umqhubi okanye injineli baqinisekisa okokuba uloliwe usebenza kakuhle, kwaye uyakwazi ukubaleka ngamandla kanti uyakwazi nokwehlisa isantya. Nawuphi na uloliwe ufuna umqhubi ozakumqhuba kakuhle.
- Unogada okanye isekela lakhe elingu-conductor ngesingesi, uqinisekisa okokuba uloliwe uhamba ngendlela ekufuneka ehambe ngayo, kunjalo nje ke uyakwazi ukumxelela umqhubi xa esenza impazamo.
- Ziigutsi zoololiwe kuphela ezinomntu ocima umlilo. Yena uqinisekisa okokuba umlilo oyinika amandla uvutha ngokufanelekileyo ngokumane egalela amalahle emlilweni.
Indlela abahamba ngayo
[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]Inkoliso yoololiwe zitsalwa ngeegutsi ezaziwa ngokuba zii-locomotives ngesiNgesi. Phambi ko-1900, phantse bonke babeziigutsi ezihamba ngamalahle ezaziwa ngokuba zii-steam locomotives ngesiNgesi. Njengoko olu hlobo lwenjini yamalahle lusebenzisa amafutha amaninzi ngomsebenzi oluwenzayo, ithi ke ngoko ikhuphe iinqwelo ezihamba nge-disile nakwiinqwelo kunye nee-nqwelo ezihamba ngombane, ngeminyaka yoo-1930s. Namhlanje, uninzi lweenqwelo ezirhuqwayo zeze-diesel-nombane.
Ngamanye amaxesha uloliwe akanayo igutsi ehamba yodwa, kodwa eyona ntloko ihambayo (injini yedisile okanye linqwelo ehamba ngombane) iba yintloko kaloliwe, kwaye apho kulo ntloko kukho indawo yenjineli. Inqwelo leyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-"ligunjana lenqwelo". abanye oololiwe beniwe ngeenqwelo ezinini. Le ke ibizwa ngokuba yi-diesel multiple unit okanye yi-lectric multiple unit. Intloko nomsila kaloliwe udla ngokuba neendawo zenjineli. Aba loliwe bayathandwa ke ingakumbi ngabakhweli abaninzi kwiidolophu nakwizixeko ezinkulu.
Uvimba
[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]- Train
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First public railway in continental Europe, Ceske Budejovice - Linz, copy of original wagon
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An electric train. This train is an electric multiple unit.
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GE U20C in Indonesia. This train has diesel locomotive.