차시코안

차시코안(스페인어: 차시켄스 또는 스페인어: 샤시코엔세) 나이는 신제종의 후기 미오세네 시대 내 10~9 Ma에서 지질학적 시간의 기간으로, 남아메리카의 SALMA 분류 내에서 보다 구체적으로 사용된다. 그것은 메이요안을 따르고 화이케르 시대보다 앞선다.^[1]

어원

차시코안은 아르헨티나 북동부 콜로라도 분지의 아로요 차시코 형성의 이름을 따서 명명되었다.

형성

포메이션 굵은 활자는 활자	나라	분지	메모들
아로요 차시코 포메이션	아르헨티나	콜로라도 분지	[2]
바하아 잉글레사 포메이션	칠리	칼데라 분지	[3]
카우자라오 포메이션	베네수엘라	팔콘 분지	[4]
세로 아줄 형성	아르헨티나	콜로라도 분지	[2][5][6]
코킴보 포메이션	칠리	퉁고이 만	[7]
Loma de Las Tapias 형성	아르헨티나	툴룸 계곡	[8]
마드레 드 디오스 포메이션	페루	마드레 드 디오스 분지	[9]
마우리 포메이션	볼리비아	알티플로노 분지	[10]
나비다드 포메이션	칠리	칠레 해안 범위	[11]
푸에르토 매드린 포메이션	아르헨티나	발데스 분지	[12]
파라나 포메이션	아르헨티나	파라나 분지	[13]
페바스 포메이션	브라질 콜롬비아 에콰도르 페루	아마존 분지	[14][15]
피스코 포메이션	페루	피스코 분지	[16]
우루마코 포메이션	베네수엘라	팔콘 분지	[17]

화석함량

그룹	화석	포메이션	메모들
포유류	Cardiatherium chasicoense, Cardiomys leufuensis, Chasicobradys intermedius, Chasicostylus castroi, Chasicotatus ameghinoi, Epipeltephilus kanti, Lagostomus telenkechanum, Lycopsis viverensis, Paedotherium minor, Pisanodon nazari, Protomegalonyx chasicoensis, Pseudolycopsis cabrerai, Vetelia perforata, Kraglievichia sp., Orthomyctera sp., ?Parodimys sp, proufhractus sp, ?테트라스티유스 sp, 타이포테리오피스 sp, 헤게토트리나아 인데트, 호프로포토리니 인데트, 팔래호프롤로포리니 인데트, 프로테로테리오리나아 인데트.	아로요 차시코	[18][19] [20] [21][22] [23][24]
	차시치미스 보나에렌세, 차시코타투스 아메기노니, 마크로초로바테스 스칼라브리니니	세로 아줄	[25]
	카르디테히움 차시코엔스, 콘트라라스키누스 보리아에노아데스	로마 데 라스 타피아스	[26] [27][28]
	아마후아카테리움 페루비움	마드레 드 디오스	[29]
	볼리바르테움 우루마쿠엔시스, 바우노도스 에니게티스, 이쉬로린쿠스 cf. 반베네데니, 미란다브레이디스 우루마쿠엔시스, 우루마쿠아 로부스타, 계리노돈 sp, 네오페블마 sp, 포타마르쿠스 sp, 리보돈 saurocetes sp.	우루마코	[30][31] [32][33] [34][35] [36]
새들	실로프테루스콜제쿠스	아로요 차시코	[24]
	렙토필로스파타고니쿠스	푸에르토 매드린	[37]
파충류 & 양서류	칼레시아 cf. 펜돌라이, 아누라 인데, 테스터딘 인데.	아로요 차시코	[24]
	Bairdemys venezuelensis, Caiman brevirostris, C. wannlangstoni, Charactosuchus mendesi, Globidentosuchus brachyrostris, Gryposuchus croizati, G. jessei, G. cf. pachakamue, Hesperogavialis cruxenti, Ikanogavialis gameroi, Melanosuchus fisheri, Mourasuchus arendsi, Purussaurus mirandai, Boinae indet.	우루마코	[30][35] [36][38] [39][40] [41]
물고기	메갈로돈, 헤미프리스티스 세라, 카르샤리누스 sp, 갈레오케르도 sp, 리노프테라 sp, 스파이르나 sp.	카우자라오	[42]
	아리과 인데, 까르샤히니과, 다시갓과, 헤테로데일레아과 인데, 람니과 인데, 밀리오바티과 인데, 오도나시디과 인데, 오도돈트과 인데, 인데트, 라지대 인데트, 스키니대 인데트, 스파리대 인데트, 스피린대 인데트, 스쿼티니대 인데트.	파라나	[43]
	Megalodon, Arius couma, A. dowii, A. herzbergii, A. kessleri, A. quadriscutis, A. rugispinis, Bagre marinus, Carcharhinus caquetius, Epinephelus itajara, Galeocerdo cuvier, Hemipristis serra, Larimus henrii, L. steurbautti, Micropogonias coatesi, Phractocephalus nassi, Pristis pectinata, Carcharhinus sp., Cynoscion sp., Dasyatis sp., Equetus sp., H에물론 sp, 네브리스 sp, 리놉테라 sp, 스피르나 sp.	우루마코	[44][30]

참조

참고 문헌 목록

아로요 차시코 포메이션

• González Ruiz, Laureano R.; Gustavo J. Scillato Yané; Cecilia M. Krmpotic, and Alfredo A. Carlini. 2012. A new species of Peltephilidae (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Cingulata) from the late Miocene (Chasicoan SALMA) of Argentina. Zootaxa 3359. 55–64. Accessed 2019-02-15.
• Pérez, María Encarnación; Cecilia M. Deschamps, and María Guiomar Vucetich. 2018. Diversity, phylogeny and biogeography of the South American 'cardiomyine' rodents (Hystricognathi, Cavioidea) with a description of two new species. Papers in Palaeontology 4. 1–19. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Rasia, Luciano L., and Adriana M. Candela. 2016. Lagostomus telenkechanum, sp. nov., a new lagostomine rodent (Caviomorpha, Chinchillidae) from the Arroyo Chasicó Formation (late Miocene; Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37. e1239205. Accessed 2019-02-12.

바하아 잉글레사 포메이션

• Achurra, L.E.; J.P. Lacassie; J.P. Le Roux; C. Marquadt; M. Belmar; J. Ruiz Del Solar, and S.E. Ishman. 2009. Manganese nodules in the Miocene Bahía Inglesa Formation, north-central Chile: Petrography, geochemistry, genesis and palaeoceanographic significance. Sedimentary Geology 217. 128–139. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Achurra, L.; C. Marquadt; J.P. Lacassie, and J.P. Le Roux. 2003. Nódulos de Mn de la Formación Bahía Inglesa: geoquímica, génesis e implicancias paleoambientales, 1–10. X Congreso Geológico Chileno. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina, and Jhoann Canto. 2005. Primer registro de cráneos asignados a Palaeospheniscus (Aves, Spheniscidae) procedentes de la Formación Bahía Inglesa (Mioceno Medio-Tardío), Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 78. 489–495. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Benson, Richard D. 2015. A new species of penguin from the late Miocene of Chile, with comments on the stratigraphic range of Palaeospheniscus. Scientific Publications of the Science Museum of Minnesota 8. 5–22. Accessed 2019-02-13.
• Chávez Hoffmeister, Martín Felipe. 2008. La ornitofauna de la Formación Bahía Inglesa, Caldera, Chile (MSc. thesis), 1–165. Universidad Austral de Chile. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Chávez, Martín F. 2007. Sobre la presencia de Paraptenodytes y Palaeospheniscus (Aves: Sphenisciformes) en la Formación Bahía Inglesa, Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 80. 255–259. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Chávez, Martín. 2007. Spheniscus megaramphus Stucchi et al. 2003 (Aves: Sphenisciformes) en la Formación Bahía Inglesa, Chile. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Perú 102. 101–107. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Luciano Achurra; Álvaro Henríquez; Catalina Carreño; Huber Rivera; Mario E. Suárez; Scott E. Ishman; Nicholas D. Pyenson, and Carolina S. Gutstein. 2016. Oroclinal bending of the Juan Fernández Ridge suggested by geohistory analysis of the Bahía Inglesa Formation, north-central Chile. Sedimentary Geology 333. 32–49. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Luciano Achurra; Álvaro Henríquez; Catalina Carreño, and Huber Rivera. 2015. Lithostratigraphy, depositional environments and tectonic setting of the Bahía Inglesa Formation west of Copiapó, north-central Chile, 821–824. XIV Congreso Geológico Chileno. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Oyanadel Urbina, Pablo; Jorge Carrillo Briceño; Jaime Villafaña; Victor Castelleto; Cristian Varas; Alex Alballay, and Marcelo Rivadeneira. 2015. Nuevo registro de familias de peces óseos en Formación Bahía Inglesa, 1–4. XIV Congreso Geológico Chileno. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Staig, Felipe; Sebastián Hernández; Patricio López; Jaime A. Villafaña; Cristian Varas; Luis Patricio Soto, and Jorge D. Carrillo Briceño. 2015. Late Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the Coquimbo Formation, Chile. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 18. 261–272. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Suárez, Mario E. 2011. Línea de base paleontológica proyecto Puerto Santa Fe, 1–29. Comuna de Caldera Región de Atacama. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Valenzuela Toro, Ana, and Carolina S. Gutstein. s.a. Mamíferos marinos fósiles (excepto Cetacea) de Formación Bahía Inglesa: Registro, implicancias paleoambientales y perspectivas de estudio. . .. 770–772. Accessed 2017-08-15.

카우자라오 포메이션

• Quijano Ballesteros, Jhon Richard. 2005. Estudio magnetoestratigráfico en la sección de El Mamón (miembro medio de la Formación Urumaco, Estado Falcón) (MSc. thesis), 1–92. Universidad Simón Bolívar. Accessed 2017-10-27.

세로 아줄 형성

• Goin, F.J.; C. Montalvo, and G. Visconti. 2000. Los marsupiales (Mammalia) del Mioceno superior de la Formación Cerro Azul (Provincia de La Pampa, Argentina). Estudios Geológicos 56. 101–126. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Madozzo Jaén, M. Carolina; M. Encarnación Pérez; Claudia I. Montalvo, and Rodrigo L. Tomassini. 2018. Systematic review of Neocavia from the Neogene of Argentina: Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63. 241–260. Accessed 2019-02-11.
• Sostillo, Renata; Claudia I. Montalvo, and Diego H. Verzi. 2014. A new species of Reigechimys (Rodentia, Echimyidae) from the Late Miocene of central Argentina and the evolutionary pattern of the lineage. Ameghiniana 51. 284–294. Accessed 2019-02-12.

코킴보 포메이션

• Le Roux, J.P.; Danisa M. Olivares; Sven N. Nielsen; Norman D. Smith; Heather Middleton; Juliane Fenner, and Scott E. Ishman. 2006. Bay sedimentation as controlled by regional crustal behaviour, local tectonics and eustatic sea-level changes: Coquimbo Formation (Miocene–Pliocene), Bay of Tongoy, central Chile. Sedimentary Geology 184. 133–153. Accessed 2018-05-20.

Loma de Las Tapias 형성

• Deschamps, Cecilia M.; Emma C. Vieytes; A. Itatí Olivares, and María G. Vucetich. 2009. Primer registro de Cardiatherium chasicoense (Rodentia, Hydrochoeridae) fuera del área pampeana (Argentina) y su valor bioestratigráfico. Ameghiniana 46. 295–305. Accessed 2018-09-10.
• Mones, Álvaro. 2014. Contrerascynus, new name for Simpsonia Contreras, 1990 (Mammalia, Sparassodonta, Hathlyacynidae), non Rochebrune, 1904 (Bivalvia, Unionidae), non Baker, 1911 (Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae). Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 17. 435–436. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Olivares, A. Itatí; Diego H. Verzi; Victor H. Contreras, and Leila Pessôa. 2016. A new Echimyidae (Rodentia, Hystricomorpha) from the late Miocene of southern South America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37. e1239204. Accessed 2019-02-12.

마드레 드 디오스 포메이션

• Frailey, Carl David, and Kenneth E. Campbell Jr.. 2012. Two New Genera of Peccaries (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Tayassuidae) from Upper Miocene Deposits of the Amazon Basin. Journal of Paleontology 86. 852–877. Accessed 2019-02-15.
• Prothero, Donald R.; Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr; Brian L. Beatty, and Carl D. Frailey. 2014. New late Miocene dromomerycine artiodactyl from the Amazon Basin: implications for interchange dynamics. Journal of Paleontology 88. 434–443. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Romero P., Lidia; María del Carmen Morales R., and Mario Carpio R. 1998. Geología de los cuadrángulos de Río Acre 22-v, Iñapari 22-x, Qda. Mala 23-v, Iberia 23-x, San Lorenzo 23-y, Puerto Lidia 24-v, Río Manuripe 24-x, Mavila 24-y, Santa María 24-z, Valencia 25-z, Palma Real 26-z y Río Heath 27-z, 1–201. INGEMMET. Accessed 2019-02-12.

마우리 포메이션

• Marshall, Larry G., and Thierry Sempere. 1991. The Eocene to Pleistocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: A review. Revista técnica de YPFB 12. 631–652. Accessed 2017-08-15.

나비다드 포메이션

• Finger, Kenneth L.; Sven N. Nielsen; Thomas J. DeVries; Alfonso Encinas, and Dawn E. Peterson. 2007. Paleontologic evidence for sedimentary displacement in Neogene forearc basins of central Chile. PALAIOS 22. 3–16. Accessed 2017-08-15.

팔로 핀타도 포메이션

• Anzótegui, Luisa M., and Maricel Yarina Horn. 2011. Megaflora de la Formación Palo Pintado (Mioceno Superior) Salta, Argentina Parte II. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 14. 239–254. Accessed 2017-10-22.
• Galli, Claudia Inés; Luisa Matilde Anzótegui; Maricel Yanina Horn, and Lourdes Susana Morton. 2011. Paleoambiente y paleocomunidades de la Formación Palo Pintado (Mioceno-Plioceno), Provincia de Salta, Argentina. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 28. 161–174. Accessed 2017-10-22.
• Reguero, Marcelo A.; Adriana M. Candela; Claudia I. Galli; Ricardo Bonini, and Damián Voglino. 2015. A new Hypsodont Notoungulate (Hegetotheriidae, Pachyrukhinae) from the late Miocene of the Eastern Cordillera, Salta province, Northwest of Argentina. Andean Geology 42. 56–70. Accessed 2017-08-15.

파라나 포메이션

• Cione, Alberto Luis; Daniel Alfredo Cabrera, and María Julia Barla. 2012. Oldest record of the Great White Shark (Lamnidae, Carcharodon; Miocene) in the Southern Atlantic. Geobios 45. 167–172. Accessed 2017-10-22.^{[영구적 데드링크]}
• Martín Pérez, Leandro. 2013. Sistemática, tafonomía y paleoecología de los invertebrados de la Formación Paraná (Mioceno), Provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina (PhD thesis), 1–398. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Accessed 2017-08-15.

페바스 포메이션

• Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; M. Alejandra Abello; Sylvain Adnet; Ali J. Altamirano Sierra; Patrice Baby; Guillaume Billet; Myriam Boivin; Ysabel Calderón, and Adriana Candela, Jules Chabain, Fernando Corfu, Darin A. Croft, Morgan Ganerød, Carlos Jaramillo, Sebastian Klaus, Laurent Marivaux, Rosa E. Navarrete, Maëva J. Orliac, Francisco Parra, María Encarnación Pérez, François Pujos, Jean-Claude Rage, Anthony Ravel, Céline Robinet, Martin Roddaz, Julia Victoria Tejada Lara, Jorge Vélez Juarbe, Frank P. Wesselingh, Rodolfo Salas Gismondi. 2016. A 60-million-year Cenozoic history of western Amazonian ecosystems in Contamana, eastern Peru. Gondwana Research 31. 30–59. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Wesselingh, F.P.; M.C. Hoorn; J. Guerrero; M.E. Räsänen; L. Romero Pittmann, and J. Salo. 2006. The stratigraphy and regional structure of Miocene deposits in western Amazonia (Peru, Colombia and Brazil), with implications for late Neogene landscape evolution. Scripta Geologica 133. 291–322. Accessed 2017-08-15.

피스코 포메이션

• Altamirano Sierra, Alí J. 2013. Primer registro de pelicano (Aves: Pelecanidae) para el Mioceno tardio de la formacion Pisco, Peru. Bulletin de l'Institut français d'études andines 42. 1–12. Accessed 2017-09-04.
• Báez Gómez, Diego A. 2006. Estudio paleoambiental de la formación Pisco:: Localidad Ocucaje. Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones FIGMMG 9. 64–69. Accessed 2017-09-04.
• Bianucci, Giovanni; Claudio Di Celma; Mario Urbina, and Olivier Lambert. 2016. New beaked whales from the late Miocene of Peru and evidence for convergent evolution in stem and crown Ziphiidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti). PeerJ 4. e2479. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Brand, Leonard; Mario Urbina; Arthur Chadwick; Thomas J. DeVries, and Raul Esperante. 2011. A high resolution stratigraphic framework for the remarkable fossil cetacean assemblage of the Miocene/Pliocene Pisco Formation, Peru. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 31. 414–425.
• Collareta, Alberto; Olivier Lambert; Christian De Muizon; Mario Urbina, and Giovanni Bianucci. 2017. Koristocetus pescei gen. et sp. nov., a diminutive sperm whale (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Kogiidae) from the late Miocene of Peru. Fossil Record 20. 259–278. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Lambert, Olivier; Giovanni Bianucci; Mario Urbina, and Jonathan H. Geisler. 2017. A new inioid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinida) from the Miocene of Peru and the origin of modern dolphin and porpoise families. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179. 919–946.
• Marx, Felix G.; Olivier Lambert, and Christian De Muizon. 2017. A new Miocene baleen whale from Peru deciphers the dawn of cetotheriids. Royal Society Open Science 4. 170560. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Marx, Felix G., and Naoki Kohno. 2016. A new Miocene baleen whale from the Peruvian desert. Royal Society Open Science 3. 160542. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Poma Porras, Orlando; Edgard Horna Santillán, and Raúl Esperante. 2009. Baleen Fósil (Cetacea: mysticeti) en Sedimentos de la Cuenca Marina del Neógeno en la Formación Pisco, al Sur del Perú. Revista de Investigación Universitaria 1. 84–97. Accessed 2017-09-04.
• Ramassamy, Benjamin; Olivier Lambert; Alberto Collareta; Mario Urbina, and Giovanni Bianucci. 2018. Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale Messapicetus gregarius: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities. Fossil Record 21. 11–32. Accessed 2019-02-11.
• Solís Mundaca, Flavio Alejandro. 2018. Bioestratigrafía e implicancias paleoceanográficas de las diatomeas de la sección Cerro Caucato, Formación Pisco, Ica, Peru (MSc. thesis), 1–158. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Accessed 2018-09-10.
• Stucchi, Marcelo; Steven D. Emslie; Rafael M. Varas Malca, and Mario Urbina Schmitt. 2015a. A new late Miocene condor (Aves, Cathartidae) from Peru and the origin of South American condors. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35. e972507. Accessed 2019-02-13.
• Stucchi, Marcelo; Rafael M. Varas Malca, and Mario Urbina Schmitt. 2015b. New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61. 417–427. Accessed 2019-02-13.
• Stucchi, M. 2007. Los pingüinos de la Formación Pisco (Neógeno), Perú. 4th European Meeting on the Palaeontology and Stratigraphy of Latin America, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero 8. 367–373. Accessed 2017-09-04.

푸에르토 매드린 포메이션

• Noriega, J.I., and G. Cladera. 2008. First record of an extinct marabou stork in the Neogene of South America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53. 593–600. Accessed 2019-03-06.

우루마코 포메이션

• Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D.; Erin Maxwell; Órangel A. Aguilera; Rodolfo Sánchez, and Marcelo R. Sánchez Villagra. 2015. Sawfishes and Other Elasmobranch Assemblages from the Mio-Pliocene of the South Caribbean (Urumaco Sequence, Northwestern Venezuela). PLoS ONE 10. e0139230. Accessed 2019-02-13.
• Linares, Omar J. 2004. Bioestratigrafía de la fauna de mamíferos de las formaciones Socorro, Urumaco y Codore (Mioceno Medio-Plioceno Temprano) de la región de Urumaco, Falcón, Venezuela. Paleobiología Neotropical 1. 1–26. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Quijano Ballesteros, Jhon Richard. 2005. Estudio magnetoestratigráfico en la sección de El Mamón (miembro medio de la Formación Urumaco, Estado Falcón) (MSc. thesis), 1–92. Universidad Simón Bolívar. Accessed 2017-10-27.
• Rincón, Ascanio D.; Andrés Solórzano; H. Gregory McDonald, and Marisol Montellano Ballesteros. 2018. Two new megalonychid sloths (Mammalia: Xenarthra) from the Urumaco Formation (late Miocene), and their phylogenetic affinities. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17. 409–421. Accessed 2019-02-11.
• Rincón, Ascanio D.; H. Gregory McDonald; Andrés Solórzano; Mónica Núñez Flores, and Damián Ruiz Ramoni. 2015. A new enigmatic Late Miocene mylodontoid sloth from northern South America. Royal Society Open Science 2. 140256. Accessed 2019-02-13.