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Hata no Syongyali

Syongyali(匈牙利:Syongyali a sowal:Magyarország)

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Kaitiraan no Syongyali kitakit.

Takaray sowal(概要)

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O itiraay i laloma’an no Yoropa Karopaw a kitakit. O faco no sera ira ko masasiromaay a sowal, o itiraay i Sifo’an-Yoropa ano ca itiraay i Sawalian-Yoropa a kitakit saan, isaka’amisan o Selofako,isaka’amis no sakawalian o Wukolan, isakawalian ato isakatimol no sakawalian malafiyaw ato Romaniya, isakatimola malafiyaw ato Sayerwiya, isakatimol no saka’etipan malafiyaw ato Koroaysiya, isaka’eyipa malafiyaw ato Selofiniya, isaka’amis no sak’etipa malafiyaw ato Awtili. Ono sifoan a sowal o Macar-sowal, o kalasowalan no Yoropa to cowa ko Indo-Yoropa a Rayray sowal.[1] o isifo’ay rayray ko kakahad no sera no kapot no Yoropa-Lekatep. O syoto ato sakakaay a tokay o Potapiso, o roma a tata’angay a tokay ira ko Topolesong, Saykoto, Misenkorci, Pice ato Cyoer.

Itiya ho to pinapina a patek ko mihecaan makowan no romaroma a finacadan ko Syongyali, ona mikowanay ira ko Taciya-tamdaw, Kayerto-tamadaw, Roma-tamdaw, Lerman-tamdaw, Syong-tamdaw, Sa’etipay-Selafo tamdaw ato Awaer-tamdaw ko kaadihay. I saikoray no saka 9 sici, ira ko pikerid ni Aerpoto-Kakitaan ko Macaer-tamdaw pakacowat to Koerpasin-masafodawanay pala.(潘諾尼亞平原;Toic a sowal:Pannonische Tiefebene ;Syongyali a sowal:Kárpát-medence),[2] o wawa no wawa nona kakitaan ci Siesetifen-Sakacecay malahongti i 1000 miheca, patireng to misakeristoay o malokitakitan pitooran. I saka 12 sici, o cecay no sakakaay to ko ’icel itini Yoropa. I saka 15 sici. o punka ato sieci o sakakaay ko ka fangcal.[3] ikor no 1526 miheca i Sakacecay Mohace-Lalood ( 摩哈赤戰役; Syongyali a sowal:mohácsi csata anoca mohácsi vész) makowan no Awtoman-Hontian Kitakit ko Syongyali(1541-1699). I saka 18 sici satapang mokowan no Hapospoaw-Hontian kitakit. I 19 sici matateko ato Awtili mipatireng to Aw-Syong Hontian kitakit, malasakakaay (away to ko kaka) a kitakit i Yoropa.[4]

Iikor tono Sakacecay-Lalood, matekop ko Aw-Syong Hontian kitakit, maherek matatilid to Tayroyyanong-Kakaketonan, ma’afas ko 71%a sera ato 58% a atamdaw, mahaop ko 32% a Macaer-Tamdaw.[5] [6][7]To ikor a karawrawan no kitakit mikapot ko Syongyali to Tokodan-Kitakit(Ikiris a sowal:Axis power; Toic a sowal:Die Achsenmächte) mikapot to Sakatosa-Lalood, wataay ko mapatayay ato madoka’ay a tamdaw.[8] [9]ikor tono Sakatosa-Lalood malatawtaw i taliyok no Solin tahira i 1989 miheca. Itiya i 1956 miheca cakalaheci koya milololay a demak, misawad ci Koro-Ayno, ci Katoer-Yanosin (卡達爾·亞諾什; Syongyali a sowal:Kádár János ) to ko malasakakaay-soci no Syongyali Syakaysyuki-Matayalay Siecian Reka, pasitira to i Kolasen-Kyosangsyuki ko Syongyali. 1989 miheca, macacafelis ko pifawah a palalan to kalala’edan no kitakit ko Syongyali ato Awtili,mapacoecoe ko katekop no Fasa-Kakaketonan Lekatep(華沙公約組織;Организация Варшавского Договора) ato Solin. 1989 miheca saka 10 folad saka 23 romi’ad malalomaocay-faco no adihayay-reka a kitakit ko Syongyali, nikawrira, ira ko mihayian a rikec no Yoropa-Kalomaocan(歐洲議會;Ikiris a sowal:European Parliament) i 2022 miheca saka 9 folad saka 15 romi’ad, nani 2018 miheca cowa to ko malaheciay a Finawlan-Siecia ko Syongyali saan, oya nikowanan ni Awpan-Wikoto a Syongyali-sifo o matatekotekoay-faco ko pisinkiw a tekedan-pikowan a sifo saan kona rikec.[10]

Ngangan no kitakti(國名)

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582-612 Awaer Hontian-kitakit

Ona Syongyali tatapangan ngangan pakolatin a sowal to “ Hungaria” hato sanay, nawhani itiniay a maro’ ko Syong-tamdaw, nani tilid a minengneng i,Hungaria sanay a tilid ono Kirisiya a “Oungori ” malalatingay, ora sa tilid no Kirisiya tona “Oungroi” o nani katelangay kyokay a Selafo sowal to “ągrinŭ” malakirisiyaay a tilid.itini i katelangay kyokay a Selafo sowal tona “ągrinŭ” sanay i,onani Wukoer-sowal to “Onogur” a malaselafoay to a tilid. Itini i Wukoer-sowal tona “Onogur” o itiyaay ho a mikapotay to Pawciyaliya-Tatakopay Kitakit a Awawer-tamdaw, yo maserer to ko ‘otip mikowanay to polong isawaliay a niyaro’ no aniniay a Syongyali, cowa ko finacadan ano niyar’' ko nitoro’an.[11] [12]

O syongyali a ngangan itini tona kitakit a sakakaay finacadan Macaer-sowal o “Magyarország” sanay, o imi nona sowal i, ono “ Macaer-tamdaw a kitakit” sanay. Itinien i sowal no Torko ato Posi o “Macaer” hananay ko pitahidang to kitakit, paciping hananay to i wikor no tilid tona niyahan a ngiha’. ora o “ macaer” (Magyar) o nialaan nani pitoay a pacarcaray-nipaka’en to kina’orip a kakeridan no Lekatep

“Magyeri” [13][14][15] I sa’ayaway a pecih nona tilid ”Magy” nani tiraay o sowal no Wukoer-sowal tora “Mäńć”, o imi nonini o “tamdaw “ sanay, iraay a makera i sowal no Mansi-tamdaw to Mäńćī,Mańśi,Måńś. Iikoray a pecih no Magyeri a “eri” o “fainayan”, “rocok no ‘irang”, ona tilid itini i Macaer mafalic to “Férj” o “ fainay” sanay to a mafalic. O malecaday ko tatapangan nona tilid ato tilid no Mansi-sowal “Wrge”(wawa to fainayan) ato katelangay a sowal no Finlan to “Yrkä”(o kapah).[16]

Rikisi(歷史)

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I’ayaw no 895 miheca(895 年之前)

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I’ayaw ni Yiesoan to 9 miheca, mi’eco ko Roma-tamdaw to itiniay a yincumin Taciya-tamdaw patireng to Panoniya-kowan. 395 miheca, mapecih ko Roma-Hontian kitakit, oya tamdaw tatootoor sa a tayni maforawraw. I saka 5 sici, Syong-tamdaw keriden no Atila-tamdaw patireng to Syongnu-Hontian kitakit(434-453). 453 miheca yo mapatay ci Atila, matekop ko Syongnu-Hontian kitakit, oya nikowanan ningra a kitakit cacorocorok sa ko masaniyaro’ay no Lierman o Kopito-tamdaw, Koto-tamdaw, Wangtoer-tamdaw,Lonpati-tamdaw a mikowan tona pala mangata to cecay a so’ot ko mihecaan, oya mikotoday to Syong-tamdaw a Kotopi-tamdaw sa’ayaway patireng to Koto-Hontian kitakit itini, ikor to casorocorok sato kasaniyaro’ no Selafo tayni a mikowan.560 miheca Awaer-tamdaw patireng to Awaer-Kakita’an kitakit itini midemak to paki’icelay a pikowan,orasaka 200 ko kahalafin a mikowan tona apala.

790 miheca, matekop no honti no Falanko-Hontian ci Cali-Tata’angay Honti ko Awaer-Kakita’an kitakit. I sasifo’an no saka 9 sici, oya mikotoday to Falanko-tamdaw a Sa’etipay-Selafo tamdaw patireng to Palaton-Kakita’an kitakit i saka’etipan lilis no Tonaw-’Alo, oya sa Pawciyaliya-Sakacecay Hontian kitakit isakawalian no lilis no Tonaw-’Alo a maro’ a mikowan to Selafo niyaro’ ato kina’osaway a Awaer-tamdaw.

Sasifo’an sici(中世紀895-1526)

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Honti no Syongyali , honti no Macaer.

O kasafacoan no kitakit no Syongyali itiraay i saka 9 sici satapang, o itiraay i sawaliay a pacarcaray-finawlan o Macaer-tamdaw maforaw nani saka’etipan ‘apilis no Wulaer-tokos ato ingata no Foerka-‘Alo,( 窩瓦河; Rosiya a sowal:Волга )aniniay a Pasincier pasi’etip a maforaw. I 896 miheca sahinater sato ko kamaro’ nangra i Fodawan-Pala no Tonaw-’Alo (多瑙河; Toic a sowal:Donau )Yo tayni to ko Macaer-tamdaw itini a maro’ malahedaw to rawraw no itiniay pala. I noto’asan, o kitakit no Macaer-tamdaw ci Aerpoto-kakita’an ko patirengay sanay, i kaleponan no saka 9 sici keriden ningra ko Macaer-tamdaw tayni i Panoniya-Dafdaf.

1000 miheca, o kakita’an no Syongyali ci Siesetifen-Sakacecay Honti ( 聖史蒂芬一世; Syongyali a sowal:I. (Szent) István) a micoroh to malokitakitan-pitooran ko misakristoay, mapacaloh no Ciyawcong(教宗; Latin a sowal:Papa) malasa’ayaway honti no Syonyali, patireng to Syongyali-Hontian kitakit. Yo sa’ayaway a rikisi tadamakakafitay ato Polan ato Posimiya, malecaday masiwar no honti no Fancalay-Rona Hontian kitakit.(神聖羅馬皇帝;Latin a sowal:Imperator Romanorum)

1241miheca tahira i 1242 miheca, pasi’etip milood ci Pato ( 拔都西征; Ikiris a sowal:Mongol invasion of Europe) wataay ko kapeleng no Syongyali. To ikor, saday sato a malaci’icelay a misiikeday kitakit i Sifo’an-Yoropa ko Syongyali, ira ko mahapinangay a pisiikedan no punka no niyah, makakafit heca ato Sa’etipay-Yoropa, mikowan ci Syongyati-Makasin i 1458 miheca tahira i 1490 miheca to Syongyali. Matongal heca ningra ko ‘icel no kitakit ato kakangodoan no sifo. Itini i pikowanan ningra, itini i “pilolo to punka” (文藝復興;Renaissance) a mihecahecaan  malakahiceraan no Songila’ay-Punka no Yoropa.

Awtili Hontian-Kitakit-Aw-Syong Hotian-Kitakit:1526-1918(奧地利帝國-奧匃帝國

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I 1526 miheca, milood ko Awtoman Hontian-Kitakit, matekop ko Mikasalaloma’anay kitakti, lacinowas sa a malitolo, o Aw-Syong Hontian kitakit ‘edengan to pecih no Awtili Hapospaw-Lalomaan a sera(Hapospaw-Syongyali Hontian Kitakit) ko ma’osaway hano Syongyali Hontian kitakit. O punka no Syongyali mirecep to taliyokay a kitakit, tinako o Poaln-Litawan Matatekoay-Kitakit.

Falanci-Yiefo honti

O polan, Posimiya ato Syongyali misanga’ay to Wisakola-Malekatepay Saopo(1991 miheca malasawad ko pikowan no kyosanto no Polan, Syongyali, Cieko ato Selofako matateko to cecay a lekatep, onian a Wisakola-Malekatepay Saopo ko ngangan)

Ikor no 1969 miheca Lalood no Tata’angay-Torki, Hapospaw-Syongyali Hontian Kitakit pakalowid to Awtoman Hontian-Kitakit, yo makalitoloay a Syongyali palacecayen, pateko han i Awtili Hontian-Kitakit, malokakowanen no Honti a sera.

1848 miheca, mapacekil ko nikeridan ni Kosoto-Layiesin a Naifaloco’ay-Pi’odot Saopo.(1848年革命，也稱民族之春; Ikiris a sowal:Spring of Nations ) 1849 miheca saka 4 folad, milekal ko Lomaocan no Siyongyali to pisiiked, patireng to Syongyali Kapolongan-Kitakit, nikawrira, caka halafing matekop no Awtili ato Rosiya Hontian-Kitakit.

1867 miheca, mahayi ko 1867 Aw-Siyong Patatodongan-Halaka, miliyaw a patireng Aw-Siyong Hontian-Kitakit ko Hapospaw-Syongyali Hontian Kitakit ato Awtili Hontian-Kitakit, o honti no Awtili ci Falanciyiefo-Sakacecay (法蘭茲·約瑟夫一世;Toic a sowal:Franz Josef I) patokeled malahonti no Siyongyali Hontian-Kitakit(patokeled a malahonti ato kakita’an no polong a kitakit ato mikowanan no kakita’an a sera i laloma’an). Mapacakat ko kacitireng no Waylaytaniya(Awtili Nilataniya) malahonti no Siyongyali, malacecay a mikowan to taliyokay kitakit ato Yoropa ko Siyongyali sifo ato Awtili, cisakowan heca to Koroaysiya ato Selawoniya hontian kitakit malaniyah pikowan a hontian kitakit i laloma’an.

I tosaay Kalalood no Hekal:1918-1944(兩次大戰期間:1918-1944)

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Iikor no Sakacecay-Lalood no Hekal matepek ko Aw-Siyong Hontian-Kitakit, misiiked ko Siyongyali, patireng to Sakacecay Kapolongan-Kitakit.1919 miheca saka 3 folad saka 21 romi’ad, mihakeno to saikpray a sowal no Kakaketonan-Kitakit, onian ko sapifelih no kyosanto to Sakacecay-Kapolongan Kitakit, patokeled sa milekal to pipatireng to Siyongyali Sowiay-Kapolongan kitakit, midemak to pakoyocay-tekedan a pikowan. Ona sifo ‘edengan sepat a folaf ko pisa’icel a mihedefong to hano kitakit ko polong a katayalan, mi’afas to kinko, paci’eci a miala to kaka’enen, mipeleng to kiyokay, mapalit ko pinapina a so'ot a tamdaw, ilaloma' nona mapalitay ira ko papaysoay a matedal, ira ko mipatayan, o polong no Siyongyali samatiya sato o awaay ko sifo a mikowan, makilomot heca no Romaniya, Ciyeko-Selofako ato Katimolay-Selafo Hontian kitakit; saka 8 folad, awa to ko lalan no kiyosanto a sifo, mapaco’ay heca no kalotamdaw, maomahay ato matayalay, roma soto i, o kakeridan a mapolong sahetoay o Yotaya-tamdaw, tongal sa ko katelii’ no finawlan, matatanga’ay to ira ko laloma’an-lalood no Rosiya cato ka pakaliwa to rawraw no Siyongyali, saikoray to i tepek saot kona sifo, itiya micomoday to ko sofitay no Romaniya i Potapis syoto, laheci sato a malasawad ko sifo no kiyosanto, ono finawlan a saopo to ko maro’ay a mikowan to Siyongyali, malalang ko cipaysoay a tamdaw maro’ to kakahaday a sera ato mitatoy to pakinaliay a dafong, o sofitay, o malatapangay ato cipaysoaay a ciomahay tada mana’ay to kiyosanto, orasaka, mihamham to tekedan-pikowan.[17] tona miheca saka 11 folad miliyas ko sofitay no Romaniya, o kakeridan no ‘ayaway riyaran-sofitay ci Hersi micomod i awaay to ko tamdaw a Potapis-Siyoto a mikowan, palolol tono Hontian a Siyongayali kitakit, Hersi mina’ay to ‘ayaway a Honti no Aw-Siyong Hontian tokeled Honti no Siyongyali ci Kaer Sakacecay ato patoleleday Sakasepay a patatikol malahonti, ci Hersi ko patatodongay a mikowan(攝政; Ikiris a sowal:Regent), tahira i mafelih no Naci-Toic.

Itya ho to pikowan no Hersi o pico’ay to Kahenganay-Katalawan Pikowan midemak to mangalefay a Kohecalay-Katalawan Pikowan, o Sakawananay-Kasafelaw no sofitay mangalefay ko pipenec to kiyosanto, siyakay-kasafelaw ato Yotaya-tamdaw, o sowal ira ko ko pinapina patek a tamdaw to mapaloay a mapatay, pinapina apatek a tamdaw ko mapalitay.[18] mipenec haca to pakinaliay ko pasikawanan a tamdaw, tinako pipenec to Kahengangay-Ciwcika a rekad(箭十字黨; Siyongyali a sowal:Nyilaskeresztes Part Hungarista Mozgalom).

Toic,Italiya ato Dipon malawidan

1920 miheca, malowiday a Siyongyali ato Kakaketonan-Kitakit matatilid to “Tayroyanong-Kakaketonan”, mapalasawad ko 72% a sera ato 64 % a tamdaw no Siyongyali. 1938 miheca i Sakacecay-kasasowal i Wiyiena, ira ko pipadang no Naci-Toic ato Italiya Hontian kitakit mapatatiko a mala no Siyongyali ko mamang a sera no Selofako, i 1940 miheca saka 8 folad Sakakinatos-kasasowal i Wiyiena, maala a patatikor ko Saka’amisanTolansiwaniya no Romaniya.

1940 miheca Herti sifo mikapot to Tokodan-Kitakit (軸心國;Ikiris a sowal:Axis power; Toic a sowal:Die Achsenmächte), malakapot no Toic, Italiya ato Dipon, i 1941 miheca saka 4 folad Katimolay-Selafo a kalaloodan mi’afas to kakahaday a sera, saka 6 folad milekal to sakalalood ato Rosiya ko Siyongyali ato Toic, mikapot a milood to kalalood no Toic ato Rosiya, nikawrira, itira i Stalinkolo-Kalaloodan ( 史達林格勒戰役; Rosiya s sowal;Сталинградская битва; Toic a sowal:Schlacht von Stalingrad) ko mapatayay no sofita no Siyongyali. Yo mitakaw a milood ko Dipon to Cangawan-Minato no Amirika, to ikor to 6 romi’ad i saka12 folad saka 12 romi’ad milekal to sakalalood ato Amirika ko Siyongyali ato Toic ato Italiya.

1944 miheca mico’ay to a milood ko Solin to Toic, micomod ko sofitay no Solin i saka’amisan a Tolansiwaniya no Siyongyali. Saka 3 folad yo mafana’ to ko Toic to sapiliyasaw no Siyongyali to Tokodan-Kitakit a masasowal ato Solin tangsol sa a mi’eco ko Toic to Siyongyali, saka10 folad macepet no sofitay no Toic ci Herti i siyoto- Potapiso, o mingataay to Toic a Kahengangay-Ciwcika Kasafelaw ira ko pipadang no Toic a mitatoy to sakowan to Siyongyali, laheci sato a malamikotoday-sifo to Toic ko Siyongyali. Nikawrira, pakalowid to Toic ko sofitay no Solin i kalalood i Potapiso, ha’eming han to a mikowan ko Siyongyali no Solin.

Syakaysyuki a mihecahecaan:1944-1990(社會主義時期:1944-1990)

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1944 miheca, ma’eco no Solin ko Syongyali. 1946 miheca, milekal to pisawad to Pailalo’a'an-Pikowan a faco no sieci, patireng to Kapolongan-Kitakit. 1949 miheca malaheci ko pisanga’ Kinpo, mifalic to ngangan no kitakit to Siyongyali Kapolongan-Kitakit. 1949 miheca saka 8 folad saka 20 romi’ad milekal to pipatireng to Siyongyali Kapolongan-Kitakit.

I 1956 miheca mapacekil ko palolol no Siyongyali(1956年匈牙利革命;Siyongyali a sowal:1956-os forradalom), mapecec no sofitay no Solin.

Ikor no Ki’etecay-Lalood:1990-2010(後冷戰時期 1990-2010)

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Pilololan no Siyongyali, matepong ko hata.

1989 miheca saka 2 folad saka 1 romi’ad, matatilid to sakalawidang a kakaketonan ato Hankuo, onini i, o sa’ayway no Saka’etipay-Kitakit matatilid to sakalawidang a kakaketonan ato Hankuo, toikor tatootor sato ko Siyakaysyki-Kitakit a matatilid to sakalawidang kakaketonan. Tona miheca saka 10 folad saka 23 romi’ad, matatodong to saka 33 mihecaan a pikiningan to Sakamo’etep-folad a Rawraw, mifalic to ngangan no kitakit to “Siyongyali-Kapolongan Kitakit”, patokeled sa a misawad to Siyakaysyuki faco, mipalasawad to Cecaay-kasafelaw no Sieci, salof han to koya telangay a kinpo patatodong to sa’eli no finawlan. 1990 miheca, oya mitokeray a kasafelaw no sieci pakalowid to sakakinacecay a sinkiw no Lomaocan-nokitakti ko Adihayay a kasafelaw no sieci, o sa’ayaway a kacacorok no kasafelaw no sieci a pikowan to kitakit. 1994 miheca, oya Siyongyali Siyakay-Matayalay Kasafelaw no Sieci mafalic mala Siyongyali-Siyakay Kasafelaw, pakaala to adihayay a kiing, milyaw heca mikowan to kitakit.

1998 miheca, o kakeridan no Kawananay-Kasafelaw Kapahay-nikifinawlan a Matatekoay Saopo-Siyaongyali-Finawlan Matatekoay ci Awpan-Wikoto malacongli. 2002 miheca malowid co singkiw ci Awpan-Wikoto, o Kawiliay-Kasafelaw a Siyakay-tang to ko mikowanay to kitakit, mapolong ato Paifaloco’ay-Kapolongan Kasafelaw ato Finawlan-Nikasasowalan Saopo kano toloay a kasafelaw ko matatekoay a mikowan to kitakit.

1999 miheca, mikapot to Saka’amisay Tasiyang-Riyaran a Kakaketonan Lekatep(北大西洋公約組織; North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO), 2007 miheca saka 12 folad saka 21 romi’ad mikapot to Sinken-kakaketonan.

2006 miheca saka 4 folad saka 9 romi’ad, sakakinacecay a riyad no pitopa to sinkiw to kiing a sinkiw, Kawiliay-Kasafelaw a Siyakay-tow to ko mikowanay to kitakit, mapolong ato Paifaloco’ay-Kapolongan Kasafelaw ato Finawlan-Nikasasowalan Saopo kano toloay a kasafelaw ko matatekoay a mikowan to kitakit.28 i saka 4 foald saka 23 romi’ad, i sakatosa a pitopa to kiing, pakaala ko Siyakay-Tang to 186 a kiing i 386 a kiing, Kapah-Matatekoay pakaala to 164 kiing, Paifaloco’ay-Tateko pakaala to 18 kiing, o Finawlan-Nikasasowalan Saopo pakaala to 11 kiing, o ‘osaw to i, o roma a kasafelaw ko cikilacay.[19] saka 6 folaf saka 9 romi’ad satapang ko tayal i sifo ko nikeridan ni Ciwerciyani-Fironci congli a roma a tapang no sifo, matateko ko Siyakay-Tow ato Paifaloco’ay-Kapolongan Kasafelaw ko matatekoay pararid a matayal to demak no sifo.[20]

2008 miheca misawad ko Paifaloco’ay-Kapolongan Kasafelaw tona matatekoay-sifo, cango’ot to ko kiing no Siyakay-Tow, cirawraw heca ilaloma’an no Siyakay-Tow, matongal ho no Fokafok no Pakipaysoay mapacekil ko katarawan no sak’orip, orasaka, makeror ko micokeray tona sifo.

Awpan a mihecahecaan:2010 tahanini(奧班時期：2010至今)

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Awpan-Wikoto congli no Siyongyali

I 2010 mihecaan a sinkiw no Lomaocan no kitakit, sakahadefekan saan ko mikowanany yo kitakit a Siyakay-Tang, ‘edengan 19.3% ko maalaay a satopa, o cowa ka tayal tono sifo a demak a Kawananay So’elinay-Finawlan Tang ato Kapah-Finawlan Matatekoay-Kasafelaw-Siyongyali-Matatekoay pakaala to tosa no kalitolo no satopa, ma’edengay to sacecay sa a misalof to kinpo to sapitatoyayaw to sapikowan a salongoc. O Pasikawanan-Tang sa’ayaway anini pakaala to 16.7% a satopa mangengay a mikapot to Lomaocan no kitakit. Saka 5 folad saka 14 romi’ad, congtong no Siyongyali ci Sawyiemo-Laslo toro’en ningra ko kakeridan no Kapah-Finawlan Matatekoay Kasafelaw ci Awpan-Wikoto malacongli no fa’ehelohay sifo. Saka 5 folad saka 29 romi’ad ira ko 261 a kiing to mihayiay to kalacongli ningra, ira ho ko 107 kiing micowa ka pihayi, ira ko 18 kiing cowa ka pikapot to pahyi a pitopa to congli, i 386 kiing oya pakaalaay to saadihayay a satopa ci Awpan-Wikoto ko malaheciay a malacongli.

Tona sakatosa a katayal ni Awpan to demak no sifo, mifalah toya katelangay a Finawlan-Faco a sieci, patireng to so’elinay a Tekaedan-Pikowan (一黨制; Ikiris a sowal:one-party system) no cecay a kasafelaw no sieci. Mipa’ekel to pinapina a saopo no kalotamdaw, onini mahaop ko mitiya, pisawkitan. Awpan a sifo masanga’ to ko rikec to sapipatirengaw to Tekedan-Pikowan.[21]

2011 miheca saka 4 folad saka 18 romi’ad, o Kalomaocan-Nokitakit ira ko 262 satopa ko mihayiay, 44 satopa ko mina’ayay malaheci a misanga’ ko “Tatapangan-Rikec” sanay a kinpo, mapalahedaw koya 1949 miheca a kinpo, oya fa’elohay a kinpo mapasadak i 2012 miheca saka 1 folad saka 1 romi’ad, falicen ko ngangan no kitakit to “Siyongyali”. Tona miheca mifalic to faco no sinkiw,oya kinatosay a mitopa a sinkiw mafalic to cecay-etal tosa ko satopa a faco( 單一選區兩票制;single-district two-votes system) o kiing malowan to fatad, oya itiyaay ho a 386 kiing malowan to 199 king,106 kiing o kaloetal ko mamisinkiw( 小選區制; Ikiris a sowal:Small constituency system. ano ca 單一選區制; Ikiris a sowal:Single-Member District) 93 kiing o nani tatinakoan a niocoran(比例代表制; Ikiris a sowal:proportional representation ), onini i a niocoran pakaala to 5% a satopa nga’ malakiing no tatinakoan i kalomaocan.

2014 miheca saka 4 folad saka 6 romi’ad, misinkiw to sakakinapito ko Siyongyali, o fa’elohay a faco no sinkiw, orasaka, pakaala ho to tosa no kalitolo(133 kiing) ko Kapah-Finawlan Matatekoay Kasafelaw kinatolo a malacongli ci Awpan.

2018 miheca saka 3 folad ira ko pipasadak no Pisman-Kikingkay no Toic, mingataay to Tekedan-Pikowan ko Siyongyali saan.[22]

2018 miheca saka 4 folad saka 9 romi’ad, misinkiw to sakafalo ko Siyongyali, pakaala heca ko Kapah-Finawlan Matatekoay Kasafelaw to ikakaay a tosa no kalitolo a satopa(134 kiing) sakakinasepat a malacongli ci Awpan.

ilaloma'ay no SIyongyali a Tonaw-'alo

Kaitiraan(地理)

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Sahetoay itira i Koerpacin-Fodawan dafdaf ko kaitiraan no Siyongyali, isaka’amisan malalaed ato Selogsko yo taporo ato tokos. Makalitosay no Tonaw-’Alo ko sera no Siyongyali, oroma a ‘alo ira ko Tisa-’alo ato Tolawa-’alo, isaka’etipan ira ko Palaton-fanaw, o sakakaay kona fanaw itini i Yoropa, o skakaay a fa’edetay-nanom(onsin) Hewici-fanaw itiniay i Siyongyali. O tatapangan-tokay(syoto) Potapis o falatfatay a odo’ no Tonaw-’alo hananay a pangangan.

Kakarayan(氣候)

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Itiraay i Saka’amisan-Pecih no cikiw ko kaitiraan no Siyongyali, o kahiceraan no Fala'efaay-Karopawan kakarayan, Fala’efaay-Riyaran kakarayanato Sifoay-Riyar kakarayan itini, ikakaay ko pisiwar no Karopaway-Kakarayan, o Fala’efaay-Karopawan Kakarayan. Tata’angay ko kafalic no romi’ad no Siyongyali, orasaka, tata’ang ko kafalic no fa’edet, lalen no cecay a miheca itiraay i 10.8 ℃. Ikaciferangan to sakapito folad ato sakafolo folad o lalen no fa’edet ira ko 21.7℃. iksi’enawan ikakaay ko kaki’etec ila’eno to -1.2℃.To cecay a cicidalay a romi’ad ira ko 2038 ko romi’ad, isakatimolan ikakaay ko kacicidalan.

mihawangay to Tonaw-'alo a Potapis tokay

Saka’orip(經濟)

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Tada manikaway to kinaira no palak on kitakit, o skakaay a nikarkaran a tadafokeloh o fadito(鋁土礦; Ikiris a sowal:Bauxite), ikemoday no sera a fadito o sakatolo rayray itini Yoropa. Ira ko tosa no kalitolo a pala nona kitakit ira ko Fa’edetay-Kinaira no pala. O liomah o sakakaay saka’oripa itini, o sakakaay a losay ira ko moki, ‘alilay, malinso ato ko’esanay-dateng. O misanga’ay to dafong ira ko kikay, masongila’ay kikay, o misanga’an-kakaenen ato tinonoy, o fadisoso’ a ‘epah o cinganganay itini I hekal.

Nani 2004 miheca saka 5 folad saka 1 romi’ad mikapot to Yoropa-Lekatep(歐洲聯盟/European Union, EU), macakat ko kacemahad no saka’orip no Siyongyali, anini sato o kalotamdawan a midanga’ay to dafong pili’etan mahahop ko 80% no polong no kitakit a GDP.

Ikor no 2007 miheca, marecep no katalawan-nosaka’orip no hekal, sakkedi’aw sa ko saka’orip no Siyongyali. O sa’osi ira ko kosowal, itini tona katalawan-nosaka’orip wataay ko kasipon no Siyongyali sanay.

O patosokan sapicomodaw i Yoropa-Paysoan Etal(歐元區;Eurozone.no sifoan sowal:euro area)i 2022 miheca, mipatongal a misongila’ to saka’otip a demak micoroh to paifaloco’ay-paliwal to dafong a faco.[23]

Macaer-Finacadan 94%

Tamdaw(人口)

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I 2013 mihecaan a pisa’osi to tamdaw no Siyongyali,ira ko 9,909,000 ko polong a tamdaw, I ikor no Sakatosa-Lalood no hekal wataay ko kafalic no niaro’an sera no Siyongyali, orasak, pakitiraay to finacadan ko kalapecih no sera, ’alomanay ko kasasiromaroma no finacadan itiya ho, na mafalic to ko sera masacecay sato ko finacadan. O Macaer-Finacadan mahaop ko 94%, o Macaer-sowal ko kalosowal(o Siyongyali- sowal). Oroma i,ira ho Romo-finacadan ( 羅姆人,ano ca 吉普賽人或吉卜賽人hananay ho a mitahidang, Romo a sowal:Roma）[24][25] roma a mamangay finacadan . O Siyongyali tamdaw sahetoay i saka 11 sici mitoor to Keristo-Pitooran. Anini sato o sakakaay a pitooran ko Misakeristoay,[26] ilaloma’ no nini o Tinsikiw ko saalomanay,[27]nikawrira ira ko pakaso’elinay to Kaerwen-Harateng(喀爾文主義、歸正主義; Fransu a sowal ato Holan a sowal:Calvinisme; Ikiris a sowal:Calvinism)

Romo-Finacadan i saka19 sici.(吉普賽人)

Pitooran (宗教)

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Mahaop ko 77% o mitooray to pitooran, ilaloma’a no nini o misakeristoay ko sakakaay, mahaop ko 99% o miskeristoay (76.4% no tamdaw no Siyongyali), ira ko mitooran to Islam ato Yotay-pitooran. O roma i,cowa pitooran, o cowaka pakaso’elin to kawas ato Cowa ko Kafana’an.

Itini i Siyongyali ikakaay no pecih ko tamdaw no polong no kitakit mitooray to Tinsikiw(54.5%,ira ho ko Sakwaliay-Tinsikiw Kyokay(東儀天主教會; Ikiris a sowal:Eastern Catholic Churches; Latin a sowal:Ecclesiae Catholicae Orientales)(0,8%), o Fa’elohay-Misakeristoay a Nifalicay-Rekad(改革宗; Ikiris a sowal: Reformed church) (16.3%) ato Roto-Rekad(路德宗;Toic a sowal:Evangelisch-lutherische Kirchen; Ikiris a sowal:Lutheranism)(3.3%). Ira ho ko mamangay a pitooran o Sakawali-So’elonay Pitooran(0.4%), Cecaay-Wama Pitooran(0.1%), ato roma misiikeday a pitooran.

Punka(文化)

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O sowal no Siyongyali o Wukaoer-Capa’ a sowal no Wulaer-Finlan Raray-Wukaoer Finacadan,i rayray no sowal itini i hekal o ska 40 a rayray, itini i Yoropa o saka 12 ko rayray.

O Pasifana’ay-Faco toloay ko kasasa’er:wawa tahira 6 ko mihecaan mitilid i no ka’emangay pitilidan(o sakilac 6,8,12 sa’er ko pitlidan). Malepon to konini mikiniyah faloco’an macakat tayra i congsie(4 miheca), o sarocoday mitilid to sowal, o mamatayal a pitlidan(4 miheca) mamatayal sarocodan-pitilidan(3 miheca) ano o nipatongalay pitilidan(2 miheca). 18 ko mihecaan misikin to sapicomod to Tata’angay-Pitilidan(5-6 miheca) ano o Sarocoday-Pitilidan(3-4 miheca).

Pacefaday a tilid(註腳)

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  1. ↑ Globally speaking: motives for adopting English vocabulary in other languages – Google Books. Google Books. [2010-09-20]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-03）.
  2. ↑ Hungary in the Carpathian Basin (PDF). Lajos Gubcsi, PhD. 2017-06-06 [2017-06-06]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-03-12）.
  3. ↑ Kristó Gyula – Barta János – Gergely Jenő: Magyarország története előidőktől 2000-ig (History of Hungary from the prehistory to 2000), Pannonica Kiadó, Budapest, 2002, ISBN 963-9252-56-5, p. 687, pp. 37, pp. 113 ("Magyarország a 12. század második felére jelentős európai tényezővé, középhatalommá vált"/"By the 12th century Hungary became an important European constituent, became a middle power", "A Nyugat részévé vált Magyarország ... /Hungary became part of the West"), pp. 616–644
  4. ↑ Austria-Hungary, HISTORICAL EMPIRE, EUROPE. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2017-06-06 [2017-06-06]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-15）.
  5. ↑ Richard C. Frucht. Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. 2004-12-31: 360 [2020-12-25]. ISBN 978-1-57607-800-6. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-13）.
  6. ↑ Trianon, Treaty of. The Columbia Encyclopedia. 2009 [2020-12-25]. （原始內容存檔於2012-07-01）.
  7. ↑ Text of the Treaty, Treaty of Peace Between The Allied and Associated Powers and Hungary And Protocol and Declaration, Signed at Trianon June 4, 1920. [2009-06-10]. （原始內容存檔於2008-12-04）.
  8. ↑ Hungary: The Unwilling Satellite 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2007-02-16. John F. Montgomery, Hungary: The Unwilling Satellite.http://kapos.hu/hirek/kis_szines/2018-06-16/megerkezett_az_idei_balaton_sound_himnusza.html Devin-Adair Company, New York, 1947. Reprint: Simon Publications, 2002.
  9. ↑ Thomas, The Royal Hungarian Army in World War II, pg. 11
  10. ↑ 匈牙利民主倒退 歐洲議會列為非完全民主國家. Rti 中央廣播電臺. 2022-09-15 [2022-09-16]. （原始內容存檔於2022-09-16） （中文（臺灣））.
  11. ↑ Király, Péter. A magyarok elnevezése a korai európai forrásokban (The Names of the Magyars in Early European Sources) /In: Honfoglalás és nyelvészet ("The Occupation of Our county" and Linguistics)/. Budapest: Balassi Kiadó. 1997: 266 [2020-12-25]. ISBN 978-963-506-108-2. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-13）.
  12. ↑ Peter F. Sugar (編). A History of Hungary. Indiana University Press. 1990-11-22: 9 [2020-12-25]. ISBN 978-0-253-20867-5. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-21）.
  13. ↑ György Balázs, Károly Szelényi, The Magyars: the birth of a European nation （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Corvina, 1989, p. 8
  14. ↑ Alan W. Ertl, Toward an Understanding of Europe: A Political Economic Précis of Continental Integration （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Universal-Publishers, 2008, p. 358
  15. ↑ Z. J. Kosztolnyik, Hungary under the early Árpáds: 890s to 1063 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Eastern European Monographs, 2002, p. 3
  16. ↑ Uralic etymology : Query result. starling.rinet.ru. [2020-12-25]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-06
  17. ↑ Ian Kershew著、林華譯. 地獄之行:1914-1949. 中信出版集團. 2018年12月: 142~3. ISBN 978-7-5086-8300-3.
  18. ↑ Ian Kershew著、林華譯. 地獄之行:1914-1949. 中信出版集團. 2018年12月: 143. ISBN 978-7-5086-8300-3.
  19. ↑ 存档副本. [2006-04-24]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-25）.
  20. ↑ 存档副本. [2006-09-19]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-25）.
  21. ↑ 纽约时报：欧尔班的系统是一个新的一党制. [2020-04-05]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-03）.
  22. ↑ 欧尔班与匈牙利的再转型. [2020-04-05]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-03）.
  23. ↑ Realdeal.hu. [2011-05-28]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-03）.
  24. ↑ 《牛津英語詞典》：member of a wandering race (by themselves called Romany), of Indian origin, which first appeared in England about the beginning of the 16th c.
  25. ↑ 根據英國法律《Caravan Sites and Control of Development Act 1960》定義了吉普賽人
  26. ↑ 2011 Hungary Census Report (PDF). [2015-01-06]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-11-07）.
  27. ↑ Population by religions, 2001 census (English). [2015-01-06]. （原始內容存檔於2010-01-26）.

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