Crocker Range UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, Malaysia

The forest that can be found at lower altitudes is home to a wide variety of tropical trees, shrubs and orchids. The higher altitude forests feature species that thrive in cooler climates.

Crocker Range became part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves in 2014. This programme was established to promote sustainable development and the conservation of biodiversity, while also supporting local communities.

The Crocker Range Biosphere Reserve is home to a wide range of indigenous species of plants, animals and other wildlife, making it an important area for biodiversity conservation.

Around 300 floral species can be found in the reserve, including the fascinating Rafflesia, a parasitic flowering plant. It attracts visitors who want to witness its rare bloom, thereby contributing to the local economy and furthering awareness of conservation efforts.

Crocker Range plays a critical role in safeguarding not only the area’s plant life, but it is also an important centre for the conservation of wildlife, many species of which are also endemic or threatened.

These animals play a significant role in the Reserve’s ecosystems by aiding in seed dispersal and maintaining forest health. Their presence is vital for the balance of tropical forests.

Among the wildlife which can be found in the Biosphere Reserve, there are 42 species of freshwater fish, 85 species of amphibians and 47 reptiles. There are also 259 bird species and 101 species of mammal, including the endangered Orang-utan, sun bear and clouded leopard.  

Crocker Range is not just crucial for biodiversity, but it also plays a vital role in the region’s hydrological system. It serves as a significant water catchment area and is the source of headwaters for the major rivers that flow towards the west coast of the island.  

The surrounding forests are critical for the maintenance of water quality and supply, as they filter the water and regulate the water flow and the climate. They ensure the sustainability of water resources for the surrounding communities and the entire region.

Farming plays a crucial role in the economy, with locals growing a variety of agricultural products, such as vegetables, fruits and paddy (seeds of rice). They sell their produce at the Tamu, the local open-air market, where traditional handicrafts are also on offer.

These artisanal wares, such as textiles and carved wood, are made with natural materials using techniques that have been passed down through the generations. They contribute to the cultural heritage of the area while supporting eco-tourism and sustainable economic development.

A monument known as the Gombunan Monument, serves as a tribute to the Kadazan-Dusun tribe and the legendary hero Gombunan, a capable and honourable leader who led the first group of explorers into what is now Tambunan District. It was a significant event in the tribe’s history.

The Salt Trail of Crocker Range is a historical and culturally significant path that was once used by indigenous communities as an important route for trade and communication. It has become an educational resource for understanding the traditional ways of life in the region.