Kalidasa

Shakuntala schaut zruck af Kini Dushyanta, ian spodan Gmoi

Kalidasa (Sanskrit, m., कालिदास, Kālidāsa, boar.: Deanstmo vo da Geddin Kali) wor a indischa Dichda und Schriftsteja. Ea hod woarscheinli am End vom 4. Joarhundat und im 5. Joarhundad glebd.

Da Kalidasa guit ois berihmtasda Autor vo da klassischn Sanskrit Literatua. Seine Schriftn san vo da hinduistischn Mythologie und Philosophie inspiriad.

Ois sei Moastaweak guit: Abhijñânaśâkuntalâ (in Devanāgarī: अभिज्ञान शाकुन्तलम्, boar. "As Wiedadakena vo da Shakuntala" oda kuaz Shakuntala). Es is in an Haffa Sprochn ibasezd worn. Aa da Goethe wor vo dem Theatastickl schwaar beeindruckt.

Theatastickl

De Zuaschreibung vo de Theatastickl in ned gsichad, weis mearane Autorn midm sejm Nama gibd.

Mâlavikâgnimitram

(in Devanāgarī:मालविकाग्निमित्रम् - boar. "Malavika und Agnimitra")

Vikramorvaśîya

(in Devanāgarī:विक्रमोर्वशीयम् - boar. "Duach Ausdaua kimmt de Urvaśî zum Eafoig")

Des is de Gschicht vom Kini Purava und da Nymphn Urvashi, da Liab vo am Steablichn und ana Unsteablichn, de wo noch an Haffa Hindanissn nacha do zamma glicklich wean.

Abhijñânaśâkuntalâ

(in Devanāgarī:अभिज्ञान शाकुन्तलम् - boar. "As Wiedadakena vo da Shakuntala" oda kuaz nua "Shakuntala")

Af an Jogausflug trifft da Kini Dushyanta de Shakuntala, de Adoptivdochda vo an weisn Mo. Se heiratn af da Stej und de Shakuntala wead aa glei schwanga. Af da Hoamroas zum Kinihof vaeagad de Shakuntala an Eremitn, dea wo se nacha vafluacht; da Dushyanta dadad de Shakuntala voistendi vagessn, wens ian Ehering valiad. Da Ring gähd wiakle valoan und da Dushyanta ko si an nix mea eainnan. Easchd wia a Fischa in Ring findt und an an Dushyanta zruckgibt, kimmt sei Eainnarung zruck und im gmoasama Glick stähd nix mea im Weg.

Versepn

Kumārasambhava

(in Devanāgarī:कुमारसम्भव - boar. "De Gebuat vo Kumar Kartikeya")

De Gschicht vo da Geddin Parvati und ia Houzad mid God Shiva.

Raghuvaṃśa

(in Devanāgarī:रघुवंश - boar. "De Dynastie vom Raghu")

Do drin gähds um de Kinige vo da Raghu Dynastie.

Meghaduta oda Meghasāndesa

(in Devanāgarī:मेघदूत - boar. "Woiknkuria")

Des is woarscheinle des berihmtasde Gedichtl ibahapts, wo in Sanskrit gschriem. In 111 Stanzn gähds drum, dass a Yaksha, dea seine Pflichtn valezd hod, vabannt wead. In da Vabannung ibazeigt ea a Woikn a Liabesboutschoft an sei Frau z ibadrogn.

Ṛtusaṃhāra

(in Devanāgarī:ऋतुसंहार - boar. "Joareszeitn-Compilation")

Bschreibt de segs indischn Joareszeidn: grīṣma (Summa), varṣā (Regnzeid/Monsun), śarat (Hiabst), hemanta (Koidzeid), śiśira (Winta) und vasanta (Fruahjoar).

Beispui

AUTUMN

The autumn comes, a maiden fair
In slenderness and grace,
With nodding rice-stems in her hair
And lilies in her face.
In flowers of grasses she is clad;
And as she moves along,
Birds greet her with their cooing glad
Like bracelets' tinkling song.
   
A diadem adorns the night Of multitudinous stars;
Her silken robe is white moonlight,
Set free from cloudy bars;
And on her face (the radiant moon)
Bewitching smiles are shown:
She seems a slender maid, who soon
Will be a woman grown.

Over the rice-fields, laden plants
Are shivering to the breeze;
While in his brisk caresses dance
The blossomed-burdened trees;
He ruffles every lily-pond
Where blossoms kiss and part,
And stirs with lover's fancies fond
The young man's eager heart.

Englische Ibasetzung vo Arthur W. Ryder (1877-1938).

Ausgom und Ibasetzung

Ausgom

• Adrian Scharpé: Kalidasa-Lexicon, Vol. I, Part 1-4: Basic Text of the Works. - Vol II, Part 1-2: References and Concordance of Quotations, Brügge: De Tempel 1954-1975 (= Werken uitgegeven door de faculteit van de letteren en wijsbegeerde, Bd. 117, 120, 122, 134, 159, 160).

Englische Ibasetzung

• Theatre of Memory: The Plays of Kalidasa. Übers. v. Barbara Stoller Miller, Edwin Gerow, David Gitomer. Columbia University Press, 1984 (UNESCO Collection of Representative Works: European). ISBN 0-231-05838-1

Sakuntala und de Gedichtln Meghaduta und Ritusamhara san in:

• Kalidasa: The Loom of Time. A Selection of His Plays and Poems. Penguin, 2006. ISBN 0-14-045521-3

Meghaduta

• Horace Hayman Wilson: The Mégha Dúta, Or, Cloud Messenger: A Poem, in the Sanscrit Language. Calcutta: College of Fort William 1813 (Zuagriff am 11 November 2010). 2nd ed 1843 Introduction, text with English verse translation, and assorted footnotes.
• Johann Gildemeister, ed. (1841), Kalidasae Meghaduta et Cringaratilaka ex recensione: additum est glossarium, H.B. König . [1][2] Sanskrit text, with introduction and some critical notes in Latin.
• The Megha-dūta (3 ed.), Trübner & co., 1867  With Sanskrit text, English translation and more extensive notes separately.
• Colonel H. A. Ouvry (1868), The Megha dūta: or, Cloud messenger, Williams and Norgate  [3]. A prose translation.
• Ludwig Fritze (1879), Meghaduta, E. Schmeitzner . German translation.
• The Megha duta; or, Cloud messenger: a poem, in the Sanscrit language, Upendra Lal Das, 1890 . Hayman's translation, with notes and translation accompanying the Sanskrit text.
• Exhaustive notes on the Meghaduta, Bombay: D.V. Sadhale & Co., 1895  [4]. Text with Mallinātha's commentary Sanjīvanī. Separate sections for English translation, explanation of Sanskrit phrases, and other notes.
• Eugen Hultzsch, ed. (1911), Kalidasa's Meghaduta: Edited from manuscripts With the Commentary of Vallabhadeva and Provided With a Complete Sanskrit-English Vocabulary, Royal Asiatic society, London  [5]
• T. Ganapati Sastri, ed. (1919), Meghaduta with the commentary of Daksinavartanatha 
• Meghadutam of mahakavi Kalidasa (in sanskrit text, with sanskrit and hindi commentary named 'chandakala' by Sri sesaraj Sarma Regmi (prof. Nepali department, kashi Hindu University)), chowkhmba vidybhavan varanasi-1, 1964 

Bewundarung in Eiropa

Abhijñānaśākuntalam vom Kalidasa wor oane vo de easchdn literarischn Schriftn, de wo af Eiropa keman san. Es is zeaschd vom Sanskrit ins Englische ibasezd worn und nacha vom Englischn ins Deitsche. Voa oim in Deitschland is des Stickl mid Bewundarung afgnomma worn, oin voaro vom Goethe und vom Herder.

Willst du die Blüthe des frühen, die Früchte des späteren Jahres,
Willst du, was reizt und entzückt, willst du was sättigt und nährt,
Willst du den Himmel, die Erde, mit Einem Namen begreifen;
Nenn’ ich, Sakuntala, Dich, und so ist Alles gesagt.

—Goethe

Wouldst thou the young year's blossoms and the fruits of its decline
And all by which the soul is charmed, enraptured, feasted, fed,
Wouldst thou the earth and heaven itself in one sole name combine?
I name thee, O Sakuntala! and all at once is said.

—Ibasetzung vom E. B. Eastwick

Literatua

• Raghavan, V. (January–March 1968). "A Bibliography of translations of Kalidasa's works in Indian Languages". Indian Literature 11 (1): 5–35. 
• Gaurīnātha Śāstrī: A Concise History of Classical Sanskrit Literature. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 1987, ISBN 978-81-208-0027-4
•  Dorothy Matilda Figueira: Translating the Orient: The Reception of Sakuntala in Nineteenth Century Europe. State University of New York Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-7914-0327-3.
• Manohar Laxman Varadpande: History of Indian Theatre. Classical Theatre. Abhinav Publications, Neu Delhi 2005, S. 93–148
• K. D. Sethna. Problems of Ancient India, p. 79-120 (chapter: "The Time of Kalidasa"), 2000 New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. ISBN 81-7742-026-7 (about the dating of Kalidasa)
• V. Venkatachalam. Fresh light on Kalidasa's historical perspective, Kalidasa Special Number (X), The Vikram, 1967, pp. 130–140.
• Ram Gopal: Kālidāsa: His Art and Culture. Concept Publishing Company, 1984

Im Netz

• Literatur von und über Kalidasa im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek
• Kalidasa: Translations of Shakuntala and Other Works by Arthur W. Ryder
• Biography of Kalidasa
• Weake vo Kalidasa bei Project Gutenberg
• Clay Sanskrit Library publishes classical Indian literature, including the works of Kalidasa with Sanskrit facing-page text and translation. Also offers searchable corpus and downloadable materials.
• Kalidasa at The Online Library of Liberty