Fenologija

Fenologija (grč. φαίνω – phainō = predstaviti, da bi se vidjelo + λόγος – logos = nauka, znanost, znanje, učenje) je nauka o periodičnosti životnih ciklusa biljaka i životinja pod uticajem sezonskih i međugodišnjih varijacija klimata, kao i ekoloških faktora (nagib, geomorfološke odnosi, insolacija, vlažnost , biocenoza, vegetacija i dr.).^[1]^[2] Fenologija se prvenstveno bavi datumima prvog pojavljivanja bioloških događaja u njihovom godišnjem ciklusu. Primjeri uključuju datume pojave listova i cvjetova, prvi let leptira i prvo pojavljivanje ptica selica, datum listanja promjena boje i opadanje kod listopadnog drveća, datume polaganja jaja ptica i vodozemaca, odnosno tajming razvojnih ciklusa u kolonijama pčela.

U ekologiji, termin se koristi općenito za označavanje vremenskog okvira za bilo koji sezonski biološki fenomen, uključujući i datume posljednjeg pojavljivanja (npr. sezonska fenologija jedne vrste može biti od aprila do septembra).

Pošto su mnogi takvi fenomeni osjetljivi čak i na male varijacije u klimi, posebno temperature, fenološki podaci su upotrebljivi za historijsku klimatologiju, osobiti za studije klumatskih promjena i globalnog zagrijavanja. Na primjer, vinogradarske evidencije o berbi grožđa u Europi se koriste za rekonstrukciju zapis ljetne sezone rasta temperature u ljetnoj sezoni tokom više od proteklih 500 godina .^[3]^[4] Pored pružanja podataka za historijski period koji je duži instrumentalnih mjerenja, fenološke zapažanja imaju „visoku vremenske rezoluciju“ tekućih promjena koje se odnose na globalno zagrijavanje.^[5]^[6]

Reference

^ [1]
^ λόγος,Liddell H. G., Scott R.: A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
^ Meier N. (2007). "Grape Harvest Records as a Proxy for Swiss April to August Temperature Reconstructions" (PDF). Diplomarbeit der Philosophisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Bern (Thesis of Philosophy and science faculty of the University of Bern). University of Bern. Arhivirano s originala (PDF), 17. 12. 2008. Pristupljeno 25. 12. 2007. Phenological grape harvest observations in Switzerland over the last 500 years have been used as a proxy indicator for reconstructing past temperature variability.
^ Meier N. (2007). "Grape Harvest Dates as a proxy for Swiss April to August Temperature Reconstructions back to AD 1480". Geophysical Research Letters. 34 (20): L20705. Bibcode:2007GeoRL..3420705M. doi:10.1029/2007GL031381. Arhivirano s originala, 29. 9. 2012. Pristupljeno 2. 11. 2014. Phenological grape harvest observations in Switzerland over the last 500 years have been used as a proxy indicator for reconstructing past temperature variability. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)
^ Menzel A. (2006). "European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern". Global Change Biology. 12 (10): 1969–1976. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x. One of the preferred indicators is phenology, the science of natural recurring events, as their recorded dates provide a high-temporal resolution of ongoing changes. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)CS1 održavanje: dodatna interpunkcija (link)
^ Schwartz, M. D. (2006). "Onset of spring starting earlier across the Northern Hemisphere". Global Change Biology. 12 (2): 343–351. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01097.x. SI first leaf dates, measuring change in the start of ‘early spring’ (roughly the time of shrub budburst and lawn first greening), are getting earlier in nearly all parts of the Northern Hemisphere. The average rate of change over the 1955–2002 period is approximately -1.2 days per decade. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)

Također pogledajte

[1] [1]

[2] λόγος,Liddell H. G., Scott R.: A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus

[Meier2007a-3] Meier N. (2007). "Grape Harvest Records as a Proxy for Swiss April to August Temperature Reconstructions" (PDF). Diplomarbeit der Philosophisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Bern (Thesis of Philosophy and science faculty of the University of Bern). University of Bern. Arhivirano s originala (PDF), 17. 12. 2008. Pristupljeno 25. 12. 2007. Phenological grape harvest observations in Switzerland over the last 500 years have been used as a proxy indicator for reconstructing past temperature variability.

[Meier2007b-4] Meier N. (2007). "Grape Harvest Dates as a proxy for Swiss April to August Temperature Reconstructions back to AD 1480". Geophysical Research Letters. 34 (20): L20705. Bibcode:2007GeoRL..3420705M. doi:10.1029/2007GL031381. Arhivirano s originala, 29. 9. 2012. Pristupljeno 2. 11. 2014. Phenological grape harvest observations in Switzerland over the last 500 years have been used as a proxy indicator for reconstructing past temperature variability. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)

[Menzel2006-5] Menzel A. (2006). "European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern". Global Change Biology. 12 (10): 1969–1976. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x. One of the preferred indicators is phenology, the science of natural recurring events, as their recorded dates provide a high-temporal resolution of ongoing changes. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)CS1 održavanje: dodatna interpunkcija (link)

[6] Schwartz, M. D. (2006). "Onset of spring starting earlier across the Northern Hemisphere". Global Change Biology. 12 (2): 343–351. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01097.x. SI first leaf dates, measuring change in the start of ‘early spring’ (roughly the time of shrub budburst and lawn first greening), are getting earlier in nearly all parts of the Northern Hemisphere. The average rate of change over the 1955–2002 period is approximately -1.2 days per decade. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)

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