§15.13 Zeros

Let $N(a,b,c)$ denote the number of zeros of $F(a,b;c;z)$ in the sector . If $a$, $b$, $c$ are real, $a$, $b$, $c$, $c-a$, $c-b\ne 0,-1,-2,\mathrm{\dots }$, and, without loss of generality, $b\ge a$, $c\ge a+b$ (compare (15.8.1)), then

where $S=\mathrm{sign}\left(\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(a\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(c-a\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(c-b\right)\right)$.

If $a$, $b$, $c$, $c-a$, or $c-b\in \{0,-1,-2,\mathrm{\dots }\}$, then $F(a,b;c;z)$ is not defined, or reduces to a polynomial, or reduces to ${(1-z)}^{c-a-b}$ times a polynomial.

For further information on the location of real zeros see Zarzo et al. (1995) and Dominici et al. (2013). A small table of zeros is given in Conde and Kalla (1981) and Segura (2008).