View source for 來

{{also|来|徠|夾}}
{{character info}}
{{character info|0xf92d}}
==Translingual==
{{CJKV-forms|來|来|来|來}}
{{stroke order|strokes=8}}
{{stroke order|type=animate}}

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=9|rad=人|as=06|sn=8|four=40908|canj=DOO|ids=⿻木从}}

====Derived characters====
* [[倈]] [[唻]] [[婡]] [[崍]] [[徠]] [[𢜞]] [[𢯦]] [[淶]] [[猍]] [[䧒]] [[棶]] [[琜]] [[睞]] [[𮋳]] [[䂾]] [[䅘]] [[䋱]] [[𦩑]] [[𧍍]] [[䚞]] [[誺]] [[𤳆]] [[𨂐]] [[錸]] [[㯤]] [[𦠘]] [[𣛤]] [[騋]] [[𩳳]] [[鯠]] [[𪘨]] [[逨]] [[勑]] [[郲]] [[猌]] [[𢆠]] [[䚅]] [[𤳇]] [[顂]] [[鶆]] [[𠌊]] [[麥]] [[賚]] [[萊]] [[箂]] [[庲]] [[㾢]] [[憗]] [[瀒]] [[斄]] [[𤀛]] [[𪰪]]

====Descendants====
* [[来]]

====References====
{{Han ref|kx=0101.160|dkj=00581|dj=0214.080|hdz=10141.080|uh=4F86|ud=20358|bh=A8D3|bd=43219}}
{{Han ref|uh=F92D}}

==Chinese==

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
{{liushu|p}} of wheat – original character of {{och-l|麥|wheat}} or {{och-l|麳|wheat}}. The line in the middle represents the ear, the two lines pointing upwards represent leaves, and the lines pointing downwards represent the stem and roots. An additional horizontal line was often added at the top end of the character, possibly used to emphasize the ear of the wheat. Compare {{zh-l|*禾}}; both are unrelated to [[釆]]

This character has been borrowed for “to come” since the oracle bone script. During the {{w|Western Zhou}} and {{w|Warring States period}}s, additional semantic components, such as {{zh-l|*止|foot}} or {{zh-l|*辵|to walk}}, were added to differentiate the original sense from the borrowed sense. However, these additions were not inherited in later scripts.

Some consider the derivative {{zh-l|*麥}} from the addition of {{zh-l|*夊|to walk slowly}} to be the original form for the meaning “to come”. If so, their meanings have interchanged due to frequent use of {{lang|zh|來}} for “to come”. {{attn|zh|Any sources disproving this? Most sources interpret 夊 differently because it seems like 麥 was never used to mean "to come" in oracle bones.}}

''{{w|Shuowen}}'' connects “wheat” and “to come” from a mythological standpoint: {{lang|zh|天所來也}} (“it comes from the heavens”). This may be supported by archaeological evidence, which suggests that wheat is not native to China, but originated in the Fertile Crescent.

{{lang|zh|來}} and {{lang|zh|麥}} have both been reconstructed to begin with *''mr-'' in Old Chinese. The former retains the liquid as {{IPAchar|/l/}}, while the latter retains the nasal {{IPAchar|/m/}}.

===Etymology 1===
{{zh-forms|s=来|alt=𧼛,倈,逨,徠}}
From {{inh|zh|sit-pro|*la-j ~ ra||to come}} (STEDT). Cognate with {{och-l|迨|to reach; until}}, {{och-l|賚|to bestow}}, {{cog|my|လာ||to come}}. Also cognate with {{och-l|蒞|to arrive}} according to {{zh-ref|Schuessler (2007)}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=lái
|m-s=nai2
|dg=лэ1
|c=loi4,lai4,lei4
|c_note=lai4, lei4 - vernacular (often written as {{zh-l|嚟|tr=-}})
|c-t=loi3
|c-yj=loi4
|g=lai4
|h=pfs=lòi;hrs=h:loi;gd=loi2
|j=lai1
|mb=lâ̤
|md=lì/lài
|md_note=lì - vernacular; lài - literary
|mn=ml,jj,tw:lâi
|mn-t=lai5/lai7/lai2
|mn-t_note=lai7 - indicates past things; lai2 - “will” (pronounced as {{IPAchar|/lai⁵²⁻³⁵/}})
|w=sh:6le
|x=lai2
|mc=y
|oc=2,y
|ma=y
|cat=v,a,part,pn
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# to [[come]]; to [[arrive]]
#: {{ant|zh|去|往}}
#: {{zh-x|我 一會-兒{r} 就 來。|I'll come in a moment.}}
#: {{zh-x|我 不 知道 它 是 從 哪裡 來 的。|I didn't know where it came from.}}
#* {{zh-x|有 朋 自 遠方 來，不 亦 樂 乎？| Is it not delightful to have friends '''coming''' from distant quarters?|ref=Lunyu}}
#* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111002150223/http://www.wordproject.org/multi/bi_en_cn_py.htm John 1.6]
#*: {{zh-x|有 一 個 人，是 從 神 那裡 差 來 的，名 叫 ^約翰。|There was a man sent from God, whose name was John.}}
#: {{zh-x|來 了 個 電話|got a phone call; a phone call '''arrived'''}}
# to [[happen]]; to [[occur]]
# to [[do]] {{n-g|(specific meaning depending on the context)}}
# [[since]]
# [[next]]; [[coming]]; [[future]]
#: {{zh-x|來年|next year}}
# {{lb|zh|after a number}} [[about]]; [[approximately]]; [[around]]
#: {{zh-x|四十 來 歲|'''around''' forty years old}}
#: {{zh-x|十年 來 沒有 活動|has had no activity in a decade}}
# {{n-g|Used after a verb of motion to indicate movement toward the speaker.}}
#: {{zh-x|下來|to come down [compare {{zh-l|下去|to go down}}]}}
#: {{zh-x|進來|to come in}}
# {{n-g|Used before a verb to express volition.}}
#: {{zh-x|讓 我 來 做 吧。|Let me do it.}}
#* {{RQ:nan-tws:Lim Hiong Seng|nan-tws|Household Furniture &c.}}
#*: {{zh-x|水 了\完 囉\了。我 來 去 挈\携|tr=zui2 liou2 lo7, ua2 '''lai5''' ke3 kiêh8|The water is finished, I will go and get (some.)|MN-T}}
# {{n-g|Used with {{zh-l|*不}} or {{zh-l|*得}} to express capability.}}
#: {{zh-x|我 做 不 來 俯臥撐。|I can't do push-ups.}}
# {{n-g|Used after numerals in colloquial lists.}}
# {{n-g|Meaningless particle for rhythmic purposes.}}
# {{lb|zh|Shanghainese Wu}} [[currently]]
#: {{zh-x|儂 勿要 叫 伊，伊 來 做 功課。|tr=sh:6non&6veq8 iau&5ciau+6yi&6yi&6le&5tsu+1kon khu|Don’t call him, he’s '''currently''' doing his homework.|SH}}
# {{zh-div|母}} {{lb|zh|Chinese linguistics}} the [[Middle Chinese]] [[initial]] of {{ltc-l|來}}
# {{surname|zh}}
# {{n-g|in order to}}
#: {{zh-x|他 摘 了 一 個 荷葉 來 當 雨傘。|He picks a lotus leaf in order to use it as an umbrella.}}

=====Synonyms=====
{{zh-dial}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|來賓|來不得|來不及|來不來|來潮|來到|來得|來得及|來復|來復槍|來回|來回來去|來回票|來火|來火兒|來件|來講|來今|來勁|來勁兒|來看|來客|來歷|來料加工|來臨|來龍去脈|來路|來路貨|來年|來人|來日|來日方長|來神|來神兒|來生|來使|來世|來示|來勢|來說|來頭|來頭兒|來往|來文|來信|來樣加工|來意|來由|來源|來朝|來者|來者不拒|來著//来着|來之不易|來自|來蹤去跡|來者不善，善者不來|一來|上來|下來|不來|乍來|亂來|今來|以來|來享|來來|來儀|來函|來去|來古|來哲|來因|來孫|來學|來情|來手|來書|來月|來期|來果|來歲|來歸|來派|來煞|來牟|來犯|來的|來稿|來緣|來茲|來葉|來蘇|來處|來襲|來訪|來諭|來貺|來附|來電|來頓|來龍|儻來|先來|入來|再來|出來|別來|前來|勞來|原來|去來|古來|向來|回來|外來|夜來|如來|子來|家來|將來|少來|帶來|年來|往來|後來|從來|把來|拈來|捎來|新來|日來|早來|昨來|有來|未來|本來|歷來|歸來|比來|烏來|爾來|特來|生來|用來|由來|當來|白來|看來|硬來|算來|素來|老來|胡來|自來|舶來|行來|見來|說來|起來|趕來|轉來|近來|返來|進來|過來|適來|還來|邇來|都來|馬來|否往泰來|娓娓道來|可又來|傳染來源|來者可追|來蘇水|希伯來人|不相來往|姍姍來遲|來福槍|下不來|弄來弄去|儻來之物|大剛來|倏來忽往|南來北往|後來之秀|古往今來|划不來|寒來暑往|來亨雞|左來右去|來回的話|來人兒|來頭貨|信手拈來|劈地價來|想來想去|乘興而來|否極泰來|好來寶|來令片|做出事來|垂於將來|往古來今|來事兒|嗟來之食|你來我往|不請自來|悲從中來|到大來|今來古往|來去自如|來者不善|一來二去|忙不過來|別來無恙|慢慢來|慕名而來|做下來|其來有自|不相往來|惠然肯來|人來瘋|來去匆匆|否去泰來|來來往往|可是來|人來客往|人來人往|先來後到|外來錢|得來不易|後來居上|彰往察來|吃不來|來得巧|大來大往|來情去意|悅近來遠|小往大來|來扇館|如來藏|大來歷|幹得來|希伯來|劃下道來|來歷不明|嗟來食|吃得來|來勢洶洶|一來一往|山雨欲來|再來過|來復線|天來大|佛來明哥|何苦來|原來如此|吃自來食|寶麗來|希伯來書|倒大來|來千去萬|從實招來|待剛來|兜來兜去|從頭再來|來福線|人來客去|來復日|克來汀症|合得來|夜來香|不來頭|大都來|大致說來|以往鑒來|大有來頭|大來頭|外來語|來比錫|在來米|合不來|來來回回|伯克來|往來如織|心血來潮|來頭不小|到頭來|卷土重來|後悔不來|來頓瓶|來日正長|下不來臺|倘來之物|來蹤去影|來者是客|來去分明|清風徐來|空穴來風|手到拿來|時來運轉|死去活來|春去秋來|番來覆去|有生以來|新來乍到|日浹往來|春來秋去|斷絕往來|手到擒來|拔來報往|歸去來兮|桃來李答|暮去朝來|樂極悲來|搖筆即來|有備而來|晃來晃去|源源而來|新聞來源|時不再來|數來寶|有來頭|撂下臉來|東來紫氣|突如其來|抖起來|放來生債|未來派|拿不起來|撧過來|特別來賓|沒來歷|禮節往來|禮尚往來|福不徒來|神來之筆|眉來眼去|時來福湊|滾來滾去|放馬過來|看起來|看不來|眉來語去|直去直來|直來直往|熙來攘往|暑往寒來|接踵而來|甘盡苦來|獨來獨往|捲土重來|打上來|捲甲重來|狼來了|禍來神昧|歸去來辭|本來面目|知來藏往|漂來戶|滾起來|拿下馬來|沒來頭|水來土掩|沒有來歷|明來暗往|推來推去|朝來暮去|歷劫歸來|有來有去|泰來否往|扭來扭去|時來運來|打來回|沒來回|沒來由|眼去眉來|未來學|攪纏不來|日往月來|生來死去|暑來寒往|東來西去|未來主義|有史以來|有來有往|時來暫去|數往知來|攪來攪去|浮來暫去|獨往獨來|掉過來|抹不下來|紛沓而來|羊帶來|顧得過來|計上心來|觀往知來|說不上來|馬來熊|說來話長|逆來順受|老來寶|說起來|自拔來歸|這般說來|踅來踅去|自來水|臭肉來蠅|自來火|頻來無忌|自來水筆|言來語去|近悅遠來|雨來散|鳳凰來儀|說得來|跑起來|老來俏|鑑往知來|走來走去|算起來|顧不過來|飛來橫禍|舶來品|絲來線去|覆去翻來|黑白來|翻來吊去|說不來|麇至沓來|馬來亞|飛來峰|馬來糕|納命來|送往迎來|跳起來|馬來西亞|馬來群島|馬來人|過來人|飯來開口|飛來橫財|繼往開來|顛來倒去|算來算去|馬來半島|雁去魚來|雁來紅|紛至沓來|閒來無事|鑒往知來|著甚來由|與生俱來|近新來|迎來送往|紫氣東來|踱來踱去|高來高去|翻來覆去|過下來|說來說去|翻來翻去|興盡悲來|苦盡甘來|者來寨|來鳳|來著|來義|芒來|多來特巴格|來革}}

====Descendants====
{{CJKV||s=来|らい|o=来|or=''rē''|래|lai}}

===Etymology 2===
{{zh-forms|s=来|alt=麳,䅘}}
Cognate to or same word as {{och-l|麥}} ({{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}}).

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=lái
|c=loi4
|mc=y
|oc=1,y
|cat=n
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} [[wheat]]
#* {{zh-x|貽 我 來{mài} 牟，帝 命 率{shuài} 育。|Thou didst confer on us the '''wheat''' and the barley, which God appointed for the nourishment of all.|ref=Shijing}}

===References===
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}
* {{thcwd|3543}}

{{cat|cmn|Beginning Mandarin|Elementary Mandarin}}

==Japanese==
{{ja-kanji forms|来|來}}

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|rs=木04|shin=来}}

# {{ja-kyujitai spelling of|来|lang=ja}}

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=らい
|kanon=らい
|kun=く-る, きた-る, きた-す, き-たる, き-たす
|nanori=き, こ, な, ゆき
}}

===Etymology===
{{ja-see|来}}

==Korean==

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja|오다|올|래||내}}

# {{hanja form of|래|to [[come]]; to [[arrive]]}}

====Compounds====
* {{ko-l|미래|[[future]]|未來}}
* {{ko-l|내일|[[tomorrow]]|來日}}
* {{ko-l|내년|[[next year]]|來年}}

==Old Japanese==

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|ojp|jpx-pro|sort=くる|*ku}}. First attested in the ''{{w|Kojiki}}'' of 712.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>

====Verb====
{{head|ojp|verb|tr=ku|kana|く|sort=く}}

# to [[come]] {{gl|[[toward]]s the [[speaker]]}}, [[approach]]
#* {{RQ:Kojiki|poem 51|passage=...伊良那祁久[[そこ|曾許]]爾[[思ひ出|淤母比傅]]加那志祁久[[ここ|許許]]爾淤母比傅伊岐良受曾'''久流'''[[梓弓|阿豆佐由美]][[檀|麻由美]]|transliteration=...iranake<sub>1</sub>ku so<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub> ni omo<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>de kanasike<sub>1</sub>ku ko<sub>2</sub>ko<sub>2</sub> ni omo<sub>2</sub>pi<sub>1</sub>de iki<sub>1</sub>razu so '''kuru''' adusayumi<sub>1</sub> mayumi<sub>1</sub>}}
#* {{RQ:Manyoshu|4|527|passage='''將來'''云毛'''不來'''時有乎'''不來'''云乎'''將來'''常&#64091;不待'''不來'''云物乎|transliteration='''ko<sub>2</sub>mu''' to<sub>2</sub> ipu mo '''ko<sub>2</sub>nu''' to<sub>2</sub>ki<sub>1</sub> aru wo '''ko<sub>2</sub>zi''' to<sub>2</sub> ipu wo '''ko<sub>2</sub>mu''' to<sub>2</sub> pa matazi '''ko<sub>2</sub>zi''' to<sub>2</sub> ipu mono<sub>2</sub> wo}}
# to [[go]] {{gl|to a [[direction]] or [[place]] far from the speaker but near the [[listener]]}}
#* {{RQ:Manyoshu|15|3589|passage=[[夕されば|由布佐禮婆]]比具良之伎奈久伊故麻山古延弖曾安我'''久流'''伊毛我目乎保里|transliteration=yupu sareba pi<sub>1</sub>gurasi ki<sub>1</sub>naku Iko<sub>2</sub>ma-yama ko<sub>1</sub>yete so<sub>2</sub> a ga '''kuru''' imo ga me<sub>2</sub> wo pori}}
# {{lb|ojp|[[suffix]]ed to the {{m|ja|連用形|tr=ren'yōkei||stem form}} of a verb}} to [[gradually]] [[begin]] to [verb]
#* {{RQ:Manyoshu|14|3453|passage=可是能等能登抱吉和伎母賀吉西斯伎奴多母登乃久太利麻欲比'''伎爾家利'''|transliteration=kaze no<sub>2</sub> to<sub>2</sub> no<sub>2</sub> kaze no<sub>2</sub> to<sub>2</sub>poki<sub>1</sub> wagi<sub>1</sub>mo ga ki<sub>1</sub>sesi ki<sub>1</sub>nu tamoto<sub>2</sub> no<sub>2</sub> kudari mayo<sub>1</sub>pi'''ki<sub>1</sub>nike<sub>1</sub>ri'''}}

=====Conjugation=====
{{ja-conj-bungo||irreg-k|sik=來}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{m|ojp|來る|tr=ki<sub>1</sub>taru}}
* {{m|ojp|來鳴く|tr=ki<sub>1</sub>naku}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|ja|来る|tr=kuru}}

===Etymology 2===
Eastern {{cog|ojp|-}} form of the {{m|ja|連用形|tr=ren'yōkei||stem or continuative form}} of verb {{m|ojp||來|tr=ku}} above.

====Verb====
{{head|ojp|verb form|tr=ke<sub>1</sub>|kana|け|sort=け}}

# {{inflection of|ojp|來|tr=ku|t=to come||stem or continuative conjugation}} {{lb|ojp|sort=け|regional|Southern Eastern {{cog|ojp|-}}}}
#* {{RQ:Manyoshu|20|4337|passage=美豆等利乃多知能已蘇岐爾父母爾毛能波須'''價'''爾弖已麻叙久夜志伎|transliteration=miduto<sub>2</sub>ri no<sub>2</sub> tati no<sub>2</sub> iso<sub>1</sub>gi<sub>1</sub> ni titipapa ni mono<sub>2</sub>pazu '''ke<sub>1</sub>'''nite ima zo kuyasiki<sub>1</sub>}}

===References===
<references/>

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=lai, lay, lơi, ray, rơi, rời|rs=人06}}

# {{rfdef|vi|sort=人06}}

====References====
* [http://nomfoundation.org/common/nom_details.php?codepoint=4f86 Nom Foundation]