冷

冷 U+51B7, 冷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51B7 ← 冶 [U+51B6] CJK Unified Ideographs 冸 → [U+51B8]

冷 U+F92E, 冷 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F92E ← 來 [U+F92D] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 勞 → [U+F92F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Traditional	冷
Simplified	冷
Japanese	冷
Korean	冷

Han character

冷 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈一人戈戈 (IMOII), four-corner 3812₇, composition ⿰冫令)

Derived characters

• 唥 𣇝 𪞠 𪞧 𪲜 𪨺
• 𫭶 𫥕 𫥖 𫥘 𫥜 𭂤 𰄇

See also

• 泠

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 132, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1622
• Dae Jaweon: page 295, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 296, character 5
• Unihan data for U+51B7

• Unihan data for U+F92E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冷
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
令	*ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
怜	*riːn, *reːŋ
零	*riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
魿	*ɡriŋ, *reːŋ
命	*mreŋs
冷	*raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
跉	*reŋ, *reːŋ
嶺	*reŋʔ
領	*reŋʔ
阾	*reŋʔ, *reːŋ
柃	*reŋʔ, *reːŋ
袊	*reŋʔ
詅	*reŋs, *reːŋ
旍	*ʔsleŋ
舲	*reːŋ
齡	*reːŋ
囹	*reːŋ
鴒	*reːŋ
蛉	*reːŋ
鈴	*reːŋ
苓	*reːŋ
伶	*reːŋ
泠	*reːŋ
瓴	*reːŋ
拎	*reːŋ
刢	*reːŋ
玲	*reːŋ
聆	*reːŋ
竛	*reːŋ
軨	*reːŋ
笭	*reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
翎	*reːŋ
閝	*reːŋ
鹷	*reːŋ
昤	*reːŋ
駖	*reːŋ
彾	*reːŋ
呤	*reːŋ
狑	*reːŋ
秢	*reːŋ
岭	*reːŋ
紷	*reːŋ
砱	*reːŋ
羚	*reːŋ
姈	*reːŋ
蕶	*reːŋ
澪	*reːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) – cold as ice.

Etymology 1

trad.		冷
simp. #		冷

A vocalic variant of 涼 (OC *ɡ·raŋ, “chilly; cold”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 冷

1. cold; cool

   寒冷  ―  hánlěng  ―  cold

   冷水  ―  lěngshuǐ  ―  cold water

2. (dialectal) to cool; to cool down; to become cold
3. cold; desolate; quiet
4. cold; indifferent
5. to dishearten
6. idle
7. disdainful; sarcastic
8. neglected; not popular

   冷門／冷门  ―  lěngmén  ―  unpopular

9. unfamiliar; rare

   冷僻  ―  lěngpì  ―  rare

10. corny; lame
11. sudden; unexpected
12. a surname

Synonyms

• (cold):

Dialectal synonyms of 冷 (“cold”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		冷, 寒冷 weather
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	冷
	Taiwan	冷
	Singapore	冷
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	冷
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	冷
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	冷
	Wanrong	冷
	Xi'an	冷
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	冷
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	冷, 凊 very cold
	Wuhan	冷, 冷凊 weather
	Guilin	冷
	Liuzhou	冷, 凊
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	冷
	Hefei	冷
Cantonese	Guangzhou	凍, 冷
	Hong Kong	凍, 冷 weather
	Taishan	冷
	Yangjiang	凍, 冷 weather
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	凍
	Singapore (Guangfu)	凍
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	凍
Gan	Nanchang	冷
	Lichuan	冷
Hakka	Meixian	冷
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	冷, 寒
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	冷, 寒人
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	冷
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	冷, 寒
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	冷, 寒
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	冷, 寒
Huizhou	Jixi	冷, 凍
Jin	Taiyuan	冷
Northern Min	Jian'ou	凊, 鎮 very cold
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	凊, 凍
Southern Min	Xiamen	冷, 凊, 寒 weather
	Quanzhou	冷, 凊, 寒
	Shishi	寒
	Zhangzhou	冷, 凊, 寒
	Zhao'an	寒
	Dongshan	寒
	Taipei	冷, 凊, 寒
	Penang (Hokkien)	冷, 寒 weather, 凊
	Singapore (Hokkien)	冷, 寒 weather
	Manila (Hokkien)	冷, 寒, 凊
	Chaozhou	凝, 寒 weather, 凊
	Shantou	凝, 寒, 凊, 冷
	Shantou (Chenghai)	凝, 凊
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	凝
	Jieyang	凝, 凊
	Singapore (Teochew)	凝
	Wenchang	寒
	Qionghai	寒
	Singapore (Hainanese)	凊, 寒 weather
Wu	Shanghai	冷
	Shanghai (Chongming)	冷
	Suzhou	冷, 凍 weather
	Danyang	冷
	Hangzhou	冷
	Ningbo	冷
	Wenzhou	冷, 凍
	Lishui	冷
	Jinhua	冷
	Yushan	凊
Xiang	Changsha	冷, 凊 very cold
	Shuangfeng	冷, 凊 very cold

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): líng (ling²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: líng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: líng
    • Wade–Giles: ling²
    • Yale: líng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
    • Palladius: лин (lin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: leng

Rime
Character	冷
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎丁切
Baxter	leng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/leŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/leŋ/
Wang Li	/lieŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ling4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冷
Reading #	2/3
No.	8317
Phonetic component	令
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	靈
Old Chinese	/*reːŋ/
Notes	冷凙

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 冷

1. Only used in 冷凙／冷𪞝.

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lǐng (ling³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lǐng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lǐng
    • Wade–Giles: ling³
    • Yale: lǐng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liing
    • Palladius: лин (lin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ²¹⁴/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 冷

1. Only used in 㓑冷.

Etymology 2

trad.		冷
simp. #		冷
alternative forms		唥 𦀬 Guangxi

Borrowed from French laine (“wool”).

Pronunciation

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): laang^5-1

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): lang²

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: laang^5-1
    • Yale: lāang
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laang^5-1
    • Guangdong Romanization: lang^5-1
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: lang²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 冷

1. (Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, Pinghua, Leizhou Min, Hainanese) woollen yarn (Classifier: 條／条 c; 嚿 c)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 毛線 (“knitting wool; wool yarn”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		毛線
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	毛線
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	毛線
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	毛線
	Wanrong	毛線
	Xi'an	毛線
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	絨線, 絨
	Guiyang	毛線, 頭繩 dated
	Liuzhou	冷
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	絨線, 頭繩 dated, 扎綆 dated
Cantonese	Guangzhou	毛冷, 冷
	Hong Kong	毛冷, 冷
	Taishan	冷
	Dongguan	冷
Gan	Nanchang	頭繩子
	Pingxiang	毛線, 洋紅繩, 毛繩, 繩子
Hakka	Meixian	羊毛索
Jin	Taiyuan	毛線
	Xinzhou	毛線子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	羊毛索
Southern Min	Xiamen	羊毛
	Tainan	膨紗
	Shantou	羊毛
	Jieyang	羊毛線, 羊毛紗, 羊毛
	Leizhou	冷
	Haikou	冷
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	冷
Wu	Shanghai	絨線, 頭繩 dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	頭繩
	Danyang	絨線
	Hangzhou	絨線
	Ningbo	絨線
	Wenzhou	絨
	Jinhua	毛線
Xiang	Changsha	洋繩子

Etymology 3

trad.		冷
simp. #		冷
alternative forms		唥

Borrowed from .

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): laang^5-1

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: laang^5-1
    • Yale: lāang
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laang^5-1
    • Guangdong Romanization: lang^5-1
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 冷

1. (Cantonese, slang, humorous) guy; person (Classifier: 條／条 c)
2. (Cantonese) Used in words related to Teochew people.

   冷話／冷话 [Cantonese]  ―  laang^5-1 waa^6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  Teochew language

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

冷

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. cool
2. cold (beer, person)
3. chill

Readings

• Go-on: りょう (ryō)^{←りやう (ryau, historical)}
• Kan-on: れい (rei, Jōyō)
• Kun: ひや (hiya, 冷や, Jōyō)、さめる (sameru, 冷める, Jōyō)、さます (samasu, 冷ます, Jōyō)、つめたい (tsumetai, 冷たい, Jōyō)、ひえる (hieru, 冷える, Jōyō)^{←ひえる (fieru, ひえる, historical)←ひ𛀁る (fyeru, ひ𛀁る, ancient)}、ひやかす (hiyakasu, 冷やかす, Jōyō)、ひやす (hiyasu, 冷やす, Jōyō)

Compounds

Derived terms

• 冷(れい)気(き) (reiki)
• 冷(れい)酷(こく) (reikoku)
• 冷(れい)戦(せん) (reisen)
• 冷(れい)蔵(ぞう) (reizō)
• 冷(れい)蔵(ぞう)庫(こ) (reizōko)
• 冷(れい)淡(たん) (reitan)
• 冷(れい)徹(てつ) (reitetsu)
• 冷(れい)凍(とう) (reitō)
• 冷(れい)房(ぼう) (reibō)
• 冷(れい)酒(しゅ) (reishu)
• 冷(れい)静(せい) (reisei)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
冷
ひや Grade: 4
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 冷 – see the following entry.

【ひや】 [noun] cold drinking water Alternative spelling 冷や

(This term, 冷, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

冷 (eumhun 찰 랭 (chal raeng), word-initial (South Korea) 찰 냉 (chal naeng))

1. hanja form^? of 랭/냉 (“cold”)

Vietnamese

Han character

冷: Hán Việt readings: lãnh
冷: Nôm readings: linh, liểng, lành, lãnh, lênh, lạnh, lảnh, rãnh, rảnh

1. chữ Hán form of lãnh (“cold; neglected”).
2. chữ Hán form of lạnh (“cold”).

Compounds

• Lãnh Cung (冷宮, “Cold Palace”)
• đông lạnh (凍冷, “frozen”)