View source for 孔

{{character info}}
==Translingual==
{{stroke order|strokes=4}}

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=39|rad=子|as=01|sn=4|four=12410|canj=NDU|ids=⿰子乚}}

====Derived characters====
* {{l|mul|[[吼]], [[𪣂]], [[𢗵]], [[𢪬]], [[犼]], [[𭥛]], [[𦙥]], [[𣏺]], [[𤆺]], [[𬗆]], [[𧉔]], [[𫁎]], [[𡰼]], [[芤]], [[𥥅]], [[𩫂]], [[𡵾]], [[𥤾]], [[𡦀]]}}

====References====
{{Han ref|kx=0277.090|dkj=06933|dj=0544.030|hdz=21008.040|uh=5B54}}

==Chinese==
{{zh-forms}}

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
Bronze inscriptions: {{Han compound|丿|子|ls=ic|t1=opening|t2=child}} – opening in the skull of a newborn, i.e. [[fontanelle]].

===Etymology===
; "hole":
: From {{inh|zh|sit-pro|*(g/k)uŋ||hole; orifice; inner part}}. {{och-l|孔|hole}} is probably the endoactive derivation of {{och-l|空|id=1|hollow; empty}} ({{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}}). Cognate with {{cog|bo|ཁུང||hole}}, {{cog|kac|ladi '''hku'''|tr=lədî hkū|t=nostril}}, {{cog|cdm|घाङ्‌|tr=gʰaŋ|t=hole}}, {{cog|my|အခေါင်း||hollow place; cavity}}, {{cog|nxq|kho³³||cave; hole; pit}} (STEDT).

; "peacock":
: Starostin reconstructs {{och-l|孔|tr=*khōŋ}} and compares it to {{cog|mkh-vie-pro|*k-voːŋ}}. Compare also {{cog|sea|kuwok}}, {{cog|ssm|kwɔːŋ}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
|m=kǒng,er=y
|m-s=kong3
|c=hung2
|ca=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Luilui6666-孔.wav
|c-t=huung2
|g=kung3
|h=pfs=khúng;hrs=h:kungˊ;gd=kung3
|j=kung2
|md=kūng
|mn=qz,tw,xm,zz:kháng/qz,tw,xm,zz:khóng
|mn_note=kháng - vernacular; khóng - literary
|mn-t=kong2
|w=sh:5khon
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=n,cls,pn,a,adv
}}

===Definitions===
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# [[hole]]; [[aperture]]; [[opening]]
#: {{zh-x|鼻孔|nostril}}
# {{zh-classifier|[[cave]] [[dwelling]]s, [[oil]] [[well]]s, etc.|nocap=1}}
# {{lb|zh|literary|for irrigation, drainage}} [[ditch]]; [[trench]]; [[canal]]; [[channel]]
# {{lb|zh|literary|or in compounds}} [[profound]]; [[far-reaching]]
# {{lb|zh|literary|or in compounds}} [[unimpeded]]; [[unblocked]]
# {{lb|zh|literary|or in compounds}} [[large]]
# {{lb|zh|literary|or in compounds}} [[fine]]
# {{lb|zh|literary|or in compounds}} [[very]]; [[extremely]]
# {{lb|zh|literary|or in compounds}} [[peacock]]; [[peafowl]]
# {{surname|zh}}
#: {{zh-x|^孔 ^祥-熙|{{w|H. H. Kung|H. H. '''Kung'''}} (Chinese banker and politician)}}
# {{lb|zh|specifically}} {{zh-short|孔子|[[Confucius]]}}
#: {{zh-x|祭 ^孔|worship of '''Confucius'''}}
#: {{zh-x|批 ^林 批 ^孔|{{q|historical}} {{w|Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius|Criticize Lin Biao and '''Confucius''' movement}}}}
# {{lb|zh|Quanzhou Hokkien}} {{zh-classifier|[[partitioned]] [[grid]] [[unit]]s in a [[tool]]|nocap=1}}

====Synonyms====
* {{s|hole}}
{{zh-dial|孔}}
* {{s|ditch}} {{zh-l|渠道}}, {{zh-l|水道}}
* {{s|profound}}
{{syn-saurus|zh|深遠}}
* {{s|very}}
{{syn-saurus|zh|極其}}
* {{s|peacock}} {{zh-l|孔雀}}
* {{s|Confucius}}
{{syn-saurus|zh|孔子}}

===Compounds===
{{col3|zh|孔道|孔洞|孔方兄|孔徑|孔孟之道|孔廟|孔明燈|孔雀|孔雀綠|孔雀石|孔雀舞|孔雀座|孔武有力|孔隙|孔型|孔穴|孔眼|孔子|九孔|威儀孔時|周情孔思|孔佛|孔雀王朝|孔明借箭|孔坡|彰化孔廟|孔雁|孔壁古文|孔門|一孔之見|孔夫子|孔嘉|千孔百瘡|孔版印刷|七孔|心孔|孔子家語|一孔出氣|孔章望斗|孔版畫|孔明|孔孟學會|噴氣孔|七孔流血|孔德|孔鯉過庭|孔雀開屏|孔融讓梨|孔翠|孔竅|孔目|孔林|孔方|孔教|孔急|孔席不暖|孔宙碑|孔子白|孔子廟|孔多|孔叢子|七孔生煙|孔孟|孔版|孔目房|孔懷|呼吸孔|人孔|卵孔|千瘡百孔|六案孔目|漢孔宙碑|氣孔|泌水孔|無孔不入|打孔|百孔千創|眼孔|穿孔|程孔傾蓋|祀孔|拉孔|皮孔|百孔千瘡|橋孔|毛孔|白孔六帖|生面孔|瞳孔|打孔紙帶|漏孔|祭孔|打孔機|晚娘面孔|有孔蟲|羊真孔草|面孔|隄潰蟻孔|需款孔急|針孔現象|膜孔|裂孔|臺南孔廟|胃穿孔|臉孔|顏苦孔卓|革帶移孔|腸穿孔|需才孔亟|謀夫孔多|蟲孔|鏜孔|針孔|耳孔|鼻孔|鑽孔|老面孔|孔灣|孔壠//孔垄//孔垅|椎孔|椎間孔}}

===References===
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}

{{cat|cmn|Elementary Mandarin}}

==Japanese==

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji}}

# [[cavity]]

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=く, くう
|kanon=こう
|kun=あな-, はなは-だ
}}

====Compounds====
{{der-top|Compounds}}
* {{ja-r|孔%雀|く%じゃく}}
* {{ja-r|孔%雀%石|く%じゃく%せき}}
* {{ja-r|孔%雀%妙%王|く%じゃく%みょう%おう}}
* {{ja-r|孔子|^こうし}}
* {{ja-r|孔版|こうはん}}
* {{ja-r|孔孟|^こう-^もう}}
* {{ja-r|孔門|こうもん}}
* {{ja-r|毛%孔|け%あな}}
* {{ja-r|眼孔|がんこう}}
* {{ja-r|気孔|きこう}}
* {{ja-r|空%気%孔|くう%き%こう}}
* {{ja-r|細孔|さいこう}}
* {{ja-r|鑽孔|さんこう}}
* {{ja-r|鑽孔%機|さんこう%き}}
* {{ja-r|鑚孔%機|さんこう%き}}
* {{ja-r|耳孔|じこう}}
* {{ja-r|人孔|じんこう}}: [[manhole]]
* {{ja-r|穿孔|せんこう}}
* {{ja-r|穿孔%機|せんこう%き}}
* {{ja-r|多孔|たこう}}
* {{ja-r|多%孔性|た%こうせい}}
* {{ja-r|単孔類|たんこうるい}}
* {{ja-r|通%気%孔|つう%き%こう}}
* {{ja-r|通風孔|つうふうこう}}
* {{ja-r|瞳孔|どうこう}}
* {{ja-r|排水孔|はいすいこう}}
* {{ja-r|鼻%孔|び%こう}}
* {{ja-r|噴%気%孔|ふん%き%こう}}
* {{ja-r|有孔虫|ゆうこうちゅう}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology===
{{ja-kanjitab|あな|y=k}}
{{ja-see|穴}}

==Korean==

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja|구멍|공}}

# {{hanja form of|공|[[opening]], [[hole]]}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=khổng, hỏng, hổng, khỏng, khủng|rs=子01}}

# {{rfdef|vi|sort=子01}}