斯: difference between revisions

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# {{surname|zh}}
# {{surname|zh}}
# {{zh-used2|t}}
# {{zh-used2|t}}
#: {{zh-x|^斯洛伐克|'''S'''lovakia}}
⚫
# {{C|zh|Individuals}} {{lb|zh|Mainland China}} {{zh-abbrev|斯大林|Stalin}}
#: {{zh-x|^巴基斯坦|Paki'''s'''tan}}
#: {{zh-x|^拉各斯|Lago'''s'''}}
#: {{zh-x|^莫斯科|Mo'''s'''cow}}
#: {{zh-x|^堪薩斯|Kansa'''s'''}}
#: {{zh-x|^穆斯林|Mu'''s'''lim}}
#: {{zh-x|法西斯|fasci'''s'''t}}
#: {{zh-x|^@斯伯遜|'''Se'''bastian}}
#: {{zh-x|^斯拉夫|'''S'''lav}}
#: {{zh-x|迪斯科|di'''s'''co}}
⚫
## {{C|zh|Individuals}} {{lb|zh|Mainland China}} {{zh-abbrev|斯大林|Stalin}}


====Usage notes====
====Usage notes====

Revision as of 21:33, 19 September 2024

斯 U+65AF, 斯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65AF
← 斮
[U+65AE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 新 →
[U+65B0]

Translingual

Han character

斯 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿金竹一中 (TCHML), four-corner 42821, composition ⿰其斤)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 480, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13563
  • Dae Jaweon: page 839, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2025, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+65AF

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 斯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 斯
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (斯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嘶 *seː
撕 *seː, *se
斯 *se
廝 *se
蟴 *se
燍 *se
鐁 *se
凘 *se
澌 *ses

Etymology 1

Cognate with 此 (OC *sʰeʔ, “this”) (Schuessler, 2007).

STEDT compares 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) and 斯 (OC *se) to Proto-Tani *si (“this”).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 斯
Mandarin Beijing /sz̩⁵⁵/
Harbin /sz̩⁴⁴/
Tianjin /sz̩²¹/
Jinan /sz̩²¹³/
Qingdao /sz̩²¹³/
Zhengzhou /sz̩²⁴/
Xi'an /sz̩²¹/
Xining /sz̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /sz̩⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /sz̩³¹/
Ürümqi /sz̩⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sz̩⁵⁵/
Chengdu /sz̩⁵⁵/
Guiyang /sz̩⁵⁵/
Kunming /sz̩⁴⁴/
Nanjing /sz̩³¹/
Hefei /sz̩²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /sz̩¹¹/
Pingyao /sz̩¹³/
Hohhot /sz̩³¹/
Wu Shanghai /sz̩⁵³/
Suzhou /sz̩⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sz̩³³/
Wenzhou /sz̩³³/
Hui Shexian /sz̩³¹/
Tunxi /sz̩¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sz̩³³/
Xiangtan /sz̩³³/
Gan Nanchang /sz̩⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sz̩⁴⁴/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /si⁵³/
Nanning /sz̩⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /si⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /su⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sy⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /su⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /sɯ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /si²³/
Rime
Character 斯
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息移切
Baxter sje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/siə̆/
Li
Rong 		/sie/
Wang
Li 		/sǐe/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/sie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		si1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 斯 斯
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sī sī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sje › ‹ sje ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]e/ /*se/
English this 斯須 a short time

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 斯
Reading # 1/1
No. 11995
Phonetic
component 		斯
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		斯
Old
Chinese 		/*se/
Notes 朱駿聲雲斯爲會意字，
非其聲

Definitions

斯

  1. (Classical) this; these; here
    生於斯，長於斯 [MSC, trad.]
    生于斯，长于斯 [MSC, simp.]
    shēng yú sī, zhǎng yú sī [Pinyin]
    to have been born and raised here
  2. (Classical) then; thus
  3. † emphatic particle (clarification of this definition is needed)
  4. a surname
  5. Used in transcription.
    斯洛伐克  ―  Sīluòfákè  ―  Slovakia
    巴基斯坦  ―  Bājīsītǎn  ―  Pakistan
    拉各斯  ―  Lāgèsī  ―  Lagos
    莫斯科  ―  Mòsīkē  ―  Moscow
    堪薩斯／堪萨斯  ―  Kānsàsī  ―  Kansas
    穆斯林  ―  Mùsīlín  ―  Muslim
    法西斯  ―  fǎxīsī  ―  fascist
    斯伯遜／斯伯逊  ―  Sībóxùn  ―  Sebastian
    斯拉夫  ―  Sīlāfū  ―  Slav
    迪斯科  ―  dísīkē  ―  disco
    1. (Mainland China) Short for 斯大林 (Sīdàlín, “Stalin”).

Usage notes

  • In modern Chinese, this character is almost entirely used for phonetic translations. The character mainly represents the phoneme /s/ or /θ/ in word-final and preconsonantal positions.

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 斯
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息移切
Baxter sje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/siə̆/
Li
Rong 		/sie/
Wang
Li 		/sǐe/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/sie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		si1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 斯
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sje ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]e/
English split (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 斯
Reading # 1/1
No. 11995
Phonetic
component 		斯
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		斯
Old
Chinese 		/*se/
Notes 朱駿聲雲斯爲會意字，
非其聲

Definitions

斯

  1. † Original form of 撕 (sī, “to lop off”).

References

Japanese

Kanji

斯

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. this, here
  2. thus
  3. like this, in this manner
  4. used phonetically[1]

Readings

  • Go-on: し (shi)
  • Kan-on: し (shi)
  • Tō-on: す (su)
  • Kun: か (ka, 斯)、こう (kou, 斯う)、この (kono, 斯)、これ (kore, 斯)、かく (kaku, 斯く)、ここに (kokoni, 斯)

References

  1. ^ “斯”, in 漢字ぺディア‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

Hanja

斯 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

斯: Hán Việt readings: tư[1][2][3][4][5]
斯: Nôm readings: tư[1][2]

  1. chữ Hán form of Tư (“a surname”).
  2. chữ Hán form of tư (“this (compounds), also a syllable used for the Sino-Vietnamese readings of foreign names (mainly the /s/ phoneme) transcripted into Chinese characters”).

Compounds

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trần (2004).
  3. ^ Trần (1999).
  4. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  5. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
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