View source for 斷

{{also|断}}
{{character info}}
==Translingual==

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=69|rad=斤|as=14|sn=18|four=22721|canj=VIHML|ids=⿰㡭斤}}

====Derived characters==== 
* {{l|mul|𨇰}}, {{l|mul|𩪽}}, {{l|mul|籪}}, {{l|mul|𱘚}}, {{l|mul|𩠹}}

====References====
* {{Han ref|kx=0480.350|dkj=13611|dj=0841.220|hdz=32028.130|uh=65B7|ud=26039|bh=C25F|bd=49759}}

==Chinese==
{{zh-forms|s=断|alt=𣃔}}

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
{{Han compound|𢇍|斤|t1=to cut|t2=axe|ls=ic}}.

Before the Qin dynasty, this character was written as {{zh-l|𠸿}} or {{zh-l|𠜷}}. According to ''{{w|Shuowen}}'', the left component is an old form of {{zh-l|*叀}}.

===Etymology===
From {{inh|zh|sit-pro|*dan||cut}}.

===Pronunciation 1===
{{zh-pron
|m=duàn
|m-s=
|c=tyun5,dyun6
|c_note=tyun5 - vernacular; dyun6 - literary
|c-t=
|g=
|h=pfs=thôn/tón
|j=duan3
|mb=
|md=dōng/duâng
|md_note=dōng - vernacular (“to snap; to cut off”); duâng - literary (“to cut off”)
|mn=xm,tp,kh,tn,hc,tc,sx,km,mg:tn̄g/qz,jj,lk:tňg/zz,yl:tūiⁿ/xm,zz,tw:toān/qz,jj:toǎn
|mn_note=tn̄g/tňg/tūiⁿ - vernacular (“to snap; to cut off”); toān/toǎn - literary
|mn-t=deng6/duang6/duêng6
|mn-t_note=deng6 - vernacular; duang6/duêng6 - literary
|w=sh,cz,nb,sz:6doe;sz,nb,sh,cz:5toe;hz:5tuon;hz:6duon;nb:2deu
|w_note=<sup>5</sup>toe, <sup>5</sup>tuon - as in {{zh-l|決斷|tr=-}}; <sup>2</sup>deu (Ningbonese) - only in {{zh-l|斷頭爛腳|tr=-}}
|x=donn3/donn4/donn5
|x_note=donn3 - to intercept; donn5 - to split(vernacular); donn4 - to split(literary)
|mc=2+1
|oc=1+2,3+1
|cat=v
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# to [[break]]; to [[snap]]; to [[cut]]
#: {{zh-x|他 說 他 的 手臂 斷 了。|He said that he'd broken his arm.}}
#: {{zh-x|枝 樹枝 斷{tyun5} 咗。|A tree branch '''broke'''.|C}}
#* {{zh-x|斷 木 為 杵，掘 地 為 臼，臼杵 之 利，萬民 以 濟。|They '''cut''' wood and fashioned it into pestles; they dug in the ground and formed mortars. Thus the myriads of the people received the benefit arising from the use of the pestle and mortar.|ref=Yijing}}
#* {{zh-x|抽 刀 斷 水 水 更 流，舉 杯 銷 愁 愁 更 愁。人生 在世 不 稱{chèn}-意，明朝{zhāo} 散髮 弄 扁{piān}舟。|I take out a knife and '''cut''' the water, but it only flows more violently; I raise my cup to drown my sorrows, but they only intensify. In my life I cannot live in the way I want; tomorrow morning I shall loosen my hair and get on a small boat.|CL|ref=[[s:zh:宣州謝朓樓餞別校書叔雲|宣州謝朓樓餞別校書叔雲]] written by {{w|Li Bai}}}}
# to [[cut off]]; to [[sever]]; to [[interrupt]]
#: {{zh-x|通話 斷 了。|The line has gone dead.}}
#: {{zh-x|斷電|to experience a power outage}}
#: {{zh-x|斷交|to sever ties}}
#* {{zh-x|我 先-后 綏 乃 祖 乃 父，乃 祖 乃 父 乃 斷 棄 汝，不 救 乃 死。|Whereas my royal predecessors made your ancestors and fathers happy, they, your ancestors and fathers, will [now] '''cut''' you '''off''' and abandon you, and not save you from death.|ref=Shujing}}
#* {{zh-x|過言 不 再，流言 不 極；不 斷 其 威，不 習 其 謀。|He does not repeat any error of speech; any rumours against him he does not pursue up to their source; he does not allow his dignity to be '''interrupted'''; he does not dread to practise [beforehand] the counsels [which he gives].|ref=Liji}}
#* {{zh-x|^@蘭芝 初 還{huán} 時，府-吏 見 丁寧，結 誓 不 別離。 今日 違 情義，恐 此 事 非 奇。自 可 斷 來信，徐徐 更 謂 之。|When I came home this time, the clerk pleaded with me again and again, and we made a vow that we'd never part. Today if I went against those feelings, I fear nothing lucky could come of it! Let us '''break off''' these negotiations, or say we need time to think it over slowly.|CL|ref=''{{w|Peacock Flies Southeast|Southeast the Peacock Flies}}'', before 6th century <small>CE</small>, translated by {{w|Burton Watson}}}}
# to [[give up]]; to [[abstain]] from; to [[quit]]
#: {{zh-x|斷 煙|to quit smoking}}
#: {{zh-x|在 孩子 三 個 月 大 時，她 給 孩子 斷 了 奶，並 開始 喂 奶粉。|She [[wean]]ed her baby when he was 3 months old and started him on powdered milk.}}
# {{lb|zh|Hokkien}} to not [[have]]; to be [[without]]; [[there]] is [[not]]

===Pronunciation 2===
{{zh-pron
|m=duàn
|m-s=
|c=dyun3,dyun6
|c_note=dyun6 - variant used in compounds
|c-t=
|g=
|h=pfs=ton
|j=
|mb=
|md=duáng
|mn=toàn/qz:toǎn
|mn-t=duang3/duêng3
|w=sh:5toe
|x=
|mc=3
|oc=3,2
|cat=v,adv
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# to [[judge]]; to [[decide]]; to [[determine]]; to [[settle]]
#: {{zh-co|判斷|to decide, to determine}}
#: {{zh-x|這 個 案子{zi} 很 難 斷。|It is hard to '''judge''' this case.}}
#* {{zh-x|忠臣 孝子 有 過，必 以 其 數 斷。|If loyal ministers and filial sons do wrong, they must be '''judged''' according to the full measure of their guilt.|CL|ref=Shangjunshu-D}}
# {{lb|zh|chiefly in the negative}} [[absolutely]]; [[definitely]]; [[decidedly]]
#* {{quote-book|yue|year=1907|title=zh:《新舊約全書·廣東話》|trans-title=Canton Colloquial Bible|publisher=聖經公會<t:British and Foreign Bible Society>|section={{lang|zh|馬太傳福音書}} [Matthew] 5:20|url=https://bible.fhl.net/new/gm.php?fn=b227/m40_005_020_006_013.jpg}}
#*: {{zh-q|我 話 你 知、倘{tong2}若 你 嘅 善義、唔 勝{sing3} 得 過 讀書人 與及 𠵽唎{lei6}㘔人 嘅 善義、斷 唔 入 得 天國。|For I tell you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the Pharisees and the teachers of the law, you will '''certainly''' not enter the kingdom of heaven. (New International Version)|C}}
# {{lb|zh|Cantonese}} to [[count]] in a certain unit
#: {{zh-x|啲 菜 係 斷 斤 計 定 斷 磅 計 㗎？|Are the vegetable's prices calculated '''based on''' catties or pounds?|C}}
# 29th [[tetragram]] of the [[Taixuanjing]]; "[[decisiveness]]" ([[𝌢]])

===Compounds===
{{col3|zh|了斷|壟斷資本|壟斷|多謀善斷|占斷|寡斷|壯士斷腕|價值判斷|一刀兩斷|判斷詞|倒斷|判斷句|壟斷市場|不斷|問斷|不斷頭|專斷|七斷八續|夢斷魂消|意斷恩絕|夢斷魂勞|慎謀能斷|喝神斷鬼|愁腸寸斷|夢斷黃粱|心疼肝斷|判斷力|乾斷|傾移斷層|割恩斷義|勾斷|平移斷層|判斷能力|下斷|優柔寡斷|切斷|專斷獨行|分釵斷帶|一筆勾斷|寸斷|宸斷|定斷|官斷|孟母斷織|剿斷|咬斷鐵|好謀善斷|割斷|公斷法院|天斷|好謀無斷|壟斷獨登|坐斷|同心斷金|恩斷意絕|恩斷義絕|審斷|剖斷|判斷|公斷|公斷人|句斷|中斷|攔前斷後|片斷|破土斷木|斷檔|文身斷髮|斷交|斷腸|機斷|斷金|斷酒|斷層掃描|源源不斷|斷水|斷代史|正斷層|斷種|斷章摘句|斷後|望斷|椎拍輐斷|斷片|殘編斷簡|斷根|斷頭食|斷事|斷絕往來|攛斷|獨斷專行|斷崖|杖斷|斷獄|折斷|斷裂|斷斷|獨行獨斷|猿腸寸斷|斷火|斷梗飛蓬|放斷鷂|斷屠|打斷|明斷|截斷眾流|斷黑|斷垣殘壁|斷長補短|目斷魂銷|斷虀畫粥|斷線|科斷|斷子絕孫|斷語|斷弦|淒斷|斷決如流|殘篇斷簡|斷層|斷脰決腹|把斷|斷井頹垣|斷根絕種|斷紙餘墨|沒斷的|投鞭斷流|斷斷續續|斷乎不可|斷念|斷頭話|斷然|斷編殘簡|柔腸寸斷|目斷飛鴻|枉斷|斷簡殘篇|斷袖分桃|斷壁殘垣|斷章取義|物理診斷|斷言|斷橋|殺伐決斷|接連不斷|水斷陸絕|斫斷|獨斷獨行|斷乎|斷臂說書|斷腸草|斷爛朝報|禁斷|斷頭將軍|斷章截句|淚乾腸斷|斷髮文身|斷定|斷配|決獄斷刑|斷幅殘紙|當斷不斷|砍斷|斷線鷂子|懸斷|斷梗飄萍|斷代|眼穿腸斷|斷煙|斷梗流萍|斷氣|沒倒斷|目斷鱗鴻|斷口|應機立斷|橫斷面|斷案|溝中斷|斷頭|房謀杜斷|當機立斷|斷非|斷除|琴斷朱弦|斷金亭子|斷電|斷線風箏|玉簫聲斷|斷長續短|斷續|柔茹寡斷|目斷魂消|扭斷|斷頭路|目斷|斷鶴續鳧|斷席|斷港絕潢|漂零蓬斷|殘章斷簡|斷掌|滔滔不斷|斷織|斷送|斷糧|斷無|斷袖之寵|斷七|斷喝|斷遣|浮萍斷梗|推斷|獨斷|無倒斷|活斷層|柔懦寡斷|決斷如流|決斷|斷絕|斷袖|斷落|斷頭臺|斷結|斷魂|橫斷|斷怪除妖|斷首捐軀|截斷|斷釵重合|斷簡殘編|有撇斷|果斷|斷難從命|斷雨殘雲|斷面|斷炊|斷腸花|斷治|斷梗飄蓬|斷尾雄雞|斷奶|斷壁頹垣|斷句|拔刀斷席|斷路|武斷|斷雁孤鴻|識文斷字|簡斷|線斷風箏|藕斷絲連|連續不斷|筆斷意連|隔斷|處斷|肝腸寸斷|論斷|預斷|續斷|道斷|阻斷|立斷|訊斷|雄斷|繩鋸木斷|臆斷|裁斷|鸞膠續斷|隔皮斷貨|魭斷|迴腸寸斷|縱斷面|路斷人稀|腸斷|診斷試劑|香火不斷|音容淒斷|買斷|間斷不繼|章決句斷|鐵口直斷|結斷|聽斷|診斷|隴斷|綿綿不斷|間斷|網路診斷|飄蓬斷梗|鋸斷|言語道斷|足謀寡斷|連綿不斷|鐵嘴直斷|逸塵斷鞅|遮斷|評斷|賣斷|紅消香斷|行權立斷|雄雞斷尾|義斷恩絕|斷正|熔斷}}

{{cat|cmn|Elementary Mandarin}}

==Japanese==
{{ja-kanji forms|断|斷}}

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=斤14|shin=断}}

# [[sever]]
# [[cut off]]
# [[interrupt]]

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=だん
|kanon=たん
|kun=た-つ, ことわ-る, さだ-める}}

==Korean==

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja|끊다|끊을|단}}

# {{hanja form of|단|[[sever]]}}
# {{hanja form of|단|[[cut off]]}}
# {{hanja form of|단|[[interrupt]]}}

====Compounds====
* {{ko-l|판단|[[judgement]], [[determination]]|判斷}}
* {{ko-l|절단|[[cutting]], [[cutting off]], [[severance]]|切斷}}
* {{ko-l|단절|{{q|geology}} [[fault]]|斷層}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=đoán, đoạn|rs=斤14}}

# {{vi-Han form of|đoán|to guess; to predict; to surmise; to divine}}
# {{vi-Han form of|đoạn|painful; broken off; to corner}}