View source for 時間

{{also|时间}}
==Chinese==
{{zh-forms|s=时间}}

===Etymology===
For the modern sense of {{m-g|time}} (as opposed to {{m-g|space}}), [[Appendix:Glossary#twice-borrowed|reborrowed]] from {{der|zh|ja|時間|tr=jikan||time}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
|m=shíjiān
|m-s=si2jian1
|m-x=síjiǎn
|c=si4 gaan3,si4 gaan1
|c-t=si3 gan1
|g=si4 gan
|h=pfs=sṳ̀-kiên;hrs=h:shi gienˋ
|md=sì-găng
|mn=kh,qz,tw,zz:sî-kan
|mn-t=si5 gang1
|px=pt,xy:si2 gang1
|mc=y
|w=sh:6zy ci
|x=shr2 gan1
|x-h=sr2 jian1
|ma=y
|cat=n
}}

===Noun===
{{head|zh|noun}}

# {{lb|zh|uncountable}} [[time]] {{gl|the inevitable passing of events from future to present then past}}
#: {{zh-x|愛惜 時間|to treasure '''time'''}}
#: {{zh-x|浪費 時間|to waste '''time'''}}
#: {{zh-x|打發{fa} 時間|to [[kill time|kill '''time''']]}}
#: {{zh-x|合理 支配 時間|to manage '''time''' reasonably; reasonable '''time''' management}}
#: {{zh-x|時間 不 等人。|'''Time''' waits for no one.}}
#: {{zh-x|時間 催 人 老。|'''Time''' ages us.}}
#: {{zh-x|時間 還 來得{de}及。|All in good '''time'''.}}
#: {{zh-x|抓緊 時間！|[[get a move on|Get a move on]]!}}
# {{lb|zh|countable}} time {{gl|a measurement of a quantity of time; a numerical indication of a length of time}} {{zh-mw|m:段}}
#: {{zh-x|辦公 時間|office hours}}
#: {{zh-x|我們 還 有 多少{shao} 時間 呢？|How much '''time''' do we have left?}}
#: {{zh-x|別 在 他 身上 浪費 時間 了。|Don't waste '''time''' on him.}}
#: {{zh-x|^地球 自轉{zhuàn} 一 周 的 時間 是 @23 小時 @56 分 @4 秒。|The '''time''' taken for the Earth to make one rotation is 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds.}}
# a [[point]] in [[time]]
#: {{zh-x|現在 的 時間 是 一點 零 五 分。|The '''time''' now is five minutes past one.}}
# {{lb|zh|uncountable}} [[free time]]; [[leisure]]; [[spare time]]
#: {{zh-x|不知 您 是否 有 時間。|I wonder if you might have '''time'''.}}
#: {{zh-x|我 想 約 你 明天 一起 去 吃飯，不 知道 你 有 沒有 時間。|I'd like to invite you out to have a meal tomorrow, if you have '''time'''.}}

====Synonyms====
* {{s|time}} {{zh-l|年數}}, {{zh-l|年代}}, {{q|archaic}} {{zh-l|年紀}}, {{zh-l|時候}}, {{q|Hokkien|Teochew}} {{zh-l|時陣|sî-chūn}}, {{q|Wu}} {{zh-l|辰光|tr=zen kuaan (T3)}}
{{zh-dial|時候}}
* {{s|free time}}
{{syn-saurus|zh|閒暇}}

====Coordinate terms====
* {{zh-l|空間|space}}

====Derived terms====
{{col3|zh|標準時間|本地時間|當地時間|第一時間|趕時間|黃金時間|開放時間|時間表|時間差|時間詞|時間膠囊|時間囊|時間軸|時間性|營業時間|時間序列|時間管理|nan:春天後母面，欲變一時間<tr:chhun-thiⁿ āu-bú bīn, beh piàn chi̍t sî-kan>|時間複雜度|時間戳|時間能治癒一切創傷|社會必要勞動時間|抽時間|北京時間|時間點|挨時間|殺時間}}

===Further reading===
* {{thcwd|6050}}

{{cat|cmn|Beginning Mandarin}}
{{C|zh|Time}}

==Japanese==

===Etymology 1===
{{ja-kanjitab|じ|かん|yomi=goon,kanon}}
{{swp|lang=ja}}
Probably originally borrowed from {{bor|ja|ltc|-|sort=じかん}} compound {{m|ltc|時間|tr=dzyi kɛn|lit=time interval}}. Repurposed in the early {{w|Meiji period}} as a translation of the western term {{m|en|time}} in relation to [[philosophy]] in the 1881 publication of {{m|ja|[[哲学]][[字彙]]|tr=''Tetsugaku Jii''||Philosophy Dictionary}} compiled by {{w|Inoue Tetsujirō}}.<ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref><ref>{{R:Tetsugaku Jii|page=93}}</ref> The meaning "hour" can be analyzed as a compound of {{ja-compound|時|-じ|t1=o'clock|間|-かん|pos2=time interval suffix}}. Compare other terms formed with the suffix {{ja-r|間|-かん}} like {{ja-r|三%分%[[間]]|さん%ぷん%かん}} and {{ja-r|[[三日]]%[[間]]|みっか%かん}}.

The reading is a mix of the [[呉音#Japanese|''goon'']] reading ''ji'' and the [[漢音#Japanese|''kan'on'']] reading ''kan'', suggesting either that the reading changed after borrowing (from the expected ''goon'' pronunciation of ''jiken'' or the expected ''kan'on'' pronunciation of ''shikan''), or that this term was independently coined in Japanese after the constituent terms {{ja-r|時|じ}} and {{ja-r|間|かん}} were borrowed.

====Alternative forms====
* {{q|honorific}} {{ja-r|お時間|お-じかん}}

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|じかん|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR|a=Ja-jikan-anglonative.oga}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|じかん}}

# [[time]]
#: {{ja-usex|'''時%間''' は [[ある|あり]]ます か？|'''じ%かん''' は あります か？|Do you have any '''time'''?}}
#: {{ja-usex|'''時%間''' は [[いつ で も]] [[大%丈%夫]] です。|'''じ%かん''' は いつ で も だい%じょう%ぶ です。|Any '''time''' works for me.|lit=As for '''time''', whenever is fine.}}
#: {{ja-usex|[[もう]] [[こんな]] '''時%間'''！|もう こんな '''じ%かん'''！|My, will you look at the time!|lit=[it's] already this sort of '''time'''!}}
#: {{ja-usex|'''時%間''' に [[ルーズ]]|'''じ%かん''' に ルーズ|never on time|lit=lax about '''time'''}}
#: {{ja-usex|'''時%間''' と [[空%間]] の [[関%係]]|'''じ%かん''' と くう%かん の かん%けい|the relationship between '''time''' and space}}
# [[hour]]
#: {{ja-usex|1%'''時%間''' は 60%分 です。|いち%-'''じ%かん''' は ろくじっ%ぷん です。|One '''hour''' is 60 minutes.}}
# the [[hour]]s or [[time]] when something happens
#: {{ja-usex|[[試%験]] '''時%間''' に [[遅れる|遅れた]]|し%けん '''じ%かん''' に おくれた|was late for the exam|lit=late to the '''time''' of the exam}}
#: {{ja-usex|[[営%業]] '''時間''' は 月%火%水、[[午%前]] ９%時 から [[午%後]] ２%時 まで です。|えい%ぎょう '''じかん''' は げつ-%か%-すい、ご%ぜん く%-じ から ご%ご に-%じ まで です。|Business '''hours''' are Monday to Wednesday, 9 AM to 2 PM.}}
#: {{ja-usex|[[開%館]] '''時%間'''|かい%かん '''じ%かん'''|'''hours''' of operation}}
#: {{ja-usex|'''時%間''' です！|'''じ%かん''' です！|Time's up!|lit=It's '''time'''!}}
#: {{ja-usex|[[閉%園]] の '''時%間''' です！|へい%えん の '''じ%かん''' です！|We're closing now!|lit=It's '''time''' for our closing!}}
#: {{ja-usex|[[あまり]] '''時%間''' が なくて [[すみません]]|あまり '''じ%かん''' が なくて すみません|sorry for not having the '''time''' [to do something]}}
#* {{quote-book|ja
|author={{w|lang=ja|真柴真|Mashiba, Shin}}
|title={{ruby|{{lw|ja|夢喰見聞|[夢](ゆめ)[喰](くい)[見](けん)[聞](ぶん)}}}}
|page=21
|chapter={{lang|ja|{{ruby|[第](だい)[壱](いち)[夜](や)　[下](クダ)リ[階](カイ)[段](ダン)}}}}
|trans-chapter=Night 1: Downward Stairway
|trans-title={{w|Yumekui Kenbun: Nightmare Inspector|The Dream-Eating Inspector}}
|genre=fiction
|location=Tokyo
|publisher=w:Square Enix
|date=Jul 27 2002
|volume=1}}
#*: {{ja-usex|目%覚めの'''時%間'''だ|^め%ざめ の '''じ%かん''' だ|It’s time to wake up}}

=====Usage notes=====
The more general word for {{m|en|time}}, as in "when something happens", is {{m|ja|時|tr=toki}}.
* {{ja-usex|海%辺に行った'''時'''|うみ%べ に いった '''とき'''|the '''time''' I went to the beach, '''when''' I went to the beach}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|時%間%切れ|じ%かん%ぎれ}}: [[out of time]], [[past]] the [[deadline]]
* {{ja-r|時%間%帯|じ%かん%たい}}: [[time zone]]; time [[slot]] {{qualifier|such as for a TV program}}
* {{ja-r|時%間つぶし|じ%かん つぶし}}: [[wasting]] time; [[kill time|killing time]]
* {{ja-r|時%間%割|じ%かん%わり}}: [[timetable]]
* {{ja-r|営%業 時%間|えい%ぎょう じ%かん}}: business hours
* {{ja-r|所%要 時%間|しょ%よう じ%かん}}: required time
{{der-bottom}}

=====Related terms=====
* {{ja-r|期%間|き%かん}}: [[duration]], [[period]]

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|bor=y|zh|時間}}
* {{desc|bor=y|ko|시간(時間)}}
* {{desc|bor=y|vi|thời gian}}

=====See also=====
* {{ja-r|時%空|じ%くう}}: [[time]] and [[space]]
* {{ja-r|空%間|くう%かん}}: [[space]], a [[space]]
* {{ja-r|時%空%間|じ%くう%かん}}: [[spacetime]]
* {{ja-r|日%数|にっ%すう}}: number of [[days]] (duration)

====Counter====
{{ja-pos|counter|じかん}}

# an hour-long period
#: {{ja-usex|一'''時%間'''、二'''時%間'''、五'''時%間'''半|いち-'''じ%かん'''、に-'''じ%かん'''、ご-'''じ%かん''' はん|one '''hour''', two '''hours''', five and a half '''hours'''}}
#: {{ja-usex|何'''時%間'''も[[かかる|かかり]]そうです。|なん-'''じ%かん''' も かかり そう です。|Apparently it will take many '''hours'''.}}

=====See also=====
{{ja-number-counter:時間}}

===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|じ|k1=ち|かん|yomi=irr,kanon}}

Pronunciation shift to a [[devoice]]d initial consonant in certain dialects.

{{IPAchar|/d͡ʑikaɴ/}} → {{IPAchar|/t͡ɕikaɴ/}}

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|ちかん}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|ちかん}}

# {{lb|ja|Ibaraki}} [[time]]
# {{lb|ja|Ibaraki}} [[hour]]
# {{lb|ja|Ibaraki}} the [[hour]]s or [[time]] when something happens

====Counter====
{{ja-pos|counter|ちかん}}

# {{lb|ja|Ibaraki}} an hour-long period

===References===
<references/>
:* {{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}

{{C|ja|Time|sort=しかん'}}
{{C|ja|Units of measure|sort=しかん'}}

==Korean==
{{ko-hanjatab}}

===Noun===
{{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=시간}}

# {{hanja form of|시간|[[time]], an hour or hours}}

==Vietnamese==
{{vi-hantutab}}

===Noun===
{{vi-noun|sc=Hani}}

# {{vi-Han form of|thời gian|[[time]]}}