瞎

瞎 U+778E, 瞎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-778E ← 瞍 [U+778D] CJK Unified Ideographs 瞏 → [U+778F]

Translingual

Han character

瞎 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月山十手口 (BUJQR), four-corner 6306₁, composition ⿰目害)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 814, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23586
• Dae Jaweon: page 1228, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2507, character 15
• Unihan data for U+778E

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Chinese

trad.		瞎
simp. #		瞎
alternative forms		⿰目下 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (害) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
轄	*kʰaːds, *ɡraːd
害	*ɡaːds
犗	*kraːds
幰	*qʰanʔ
攇	*qʰanʔ
憲	*hŋans
瀗	*qʰans
割	*kaːd
磍	*kreːd, *kʰraːd
瞎	*qʰraːd
鎋	*ɡraːd
鶷	*ɡraːd
縖	*ɡraːd
豁	*qʰʷaːd

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xiā (xia¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ха (ha, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hat⁶
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): had⁵
• Northern Min (KCR): hăi
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hat / khoeh

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hag⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiā
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sia
    • Wade–Giles: hsia¹
    • Yale: syā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shia
    • Palladius: ся (sja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ха (ha, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xa²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hat⁶
    • Yale: haht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hed⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: had⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /hat̚¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hăi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xai²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hat
    • Tâi-lô: hat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: had
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hat̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoeh
    • Tâi-lô: khueh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoeq
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kʰueʔ³²/

Note:

• hat - literary;
• khoeh - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: hag⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hak
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hak̚²/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 瞎
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕia⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕia⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕiɑ²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕia²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ɕia⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕia²⁴/
	Xi'an	/xa²¹/
	Xining	/ɕia⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕia¹³/ ～子 /xa¹³/ ～倯
	Lanzhou	/xa¹³/
	Ürümqi	/xa²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕia²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕia³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕia²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕia̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕiɑʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ɕiɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xaʔ²/ /ɕiaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/xʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕiaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/haʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/haʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ha²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/xaʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/xɔ⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕia²⁴/ /xa²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/hɒ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/haʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/hat̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/hɑt̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐt̚²/
	Nanning	/hɐt̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/hɐt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hap̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hɑʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xai²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hak̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hai³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: xaet

Rime
Character	瞎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	黠 (71)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	許鎋切
Baxter	xaet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠat̚/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚat̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨt̚/
Li Rong	/xat̚/
Wang Li	/xat̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xăt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xia
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haat3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰraːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瞎
Reading #	1/1
No.	4854
Phonetic component	害
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	瞎
Old Chinese	/*qʰraːd/
Notes	見釋名

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 瞎

1. blind
2. at random

   瞎走  ―  xiāzǒu  ―  to walk around aimlessly

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 瞎眼 (“(to be) blind”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		瞽, 盲
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		失明, 瞎眼, 瞎
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	瞎眼
	Malaysia	瞎, 盲
	Singapore	瞎, 盲
Cantonese	Guangzhou	盲, 盲眼
	Hong Kong	盲, 盲眼
	Singapore (Guangfu)	盲
Hakka	Meixian	瞎, 盲
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	眼瞎
	Luhe	目瞎
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	目瞨, 目瞎, 青盲, 瞎目
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	青盲
Northern Min	Jian'ou	瞎
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	青盲
Southern Min	Xiamen	青盲
	Quanzhou	青盲
	Zhangzhou	青盲
	Taipei	青盲
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	青盲
	Kaohsiung	青盲
	Yilan	青盲
	Changhua (Lukang)	青盲
	Taichung	青盲
	Tainan	青盲
	Hsinchu	青盲
	Kinmen	青盲
	Penghu (Magong)	青盲
	Penang (Hokkien)	青盲
	Singapore (Hokkien)	青盲
	Manila (Hokkien)	青盲
	Pingnan (Pingtian)	青盲
	Chaozhou	青盲
	Shantou	青盲
	Shantou (Chenghai)	青盲
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	青盲
	Jieyang	青盲
	Haifeng	青盲
	Leizhou	青盲
	Wenchang	青盲
	Singapore (Hainanese)	青盲
Puxian Min	Putian	青盲
Central Min	Yong'an	瞎
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	盲

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

瞎

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: けち (kechi)
• Kan-on: かつ (katsu)
• Kun: かため (katame)、めくら (mekura)

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Korean

Hanja

瞎 (eumhun 애꾸눈 할 (aekkunun hal))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

瞎: Hán Nôm readings: hạt

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.