蜃

See also: 蜄

蜃 U+8703, 蜃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8703 ← 蜂 [U+8702] CJK Unified Ideographs 蜄 → [U+8704]

Translingual

Han character

蜃 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一女中一戈 (MVLMI), four-corner 7113₆, composition ⿸辰虫(G) or ⿱辰虫(HTJK))

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1084, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33089
• Dae Jaweon: page 1552, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2854, character 6
• Unihan data for U+8703

Chinese

trad.		蜃
simp. #		蜃
alternative forms		蜄 𧒏 𪓧

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (辰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
辴	*tʰɯl, *tʰɯnʔ, *tʰɯn
屒	*tɯnʔ, *djɯn
振	*tjɯn, *tjɯns
侲	*tjɯn, *tjɯn
桭	*tjɯn, *djɯn
唇	*tjɯn, *ɦljun
帪	*tjɯn
賑	*tjɯnʔ, *tjɯns
裖	*tjɯnʔ
敐	*tjɯnʔ, *djɯn
震	*tjɯn
娠	*tjɯns, *hljɯn
蜃	*djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins
辰	*djɯn
晨	*djɯn, *ɦljɯn
宸	*djɯn
鷐	*djɯn
麎	*djɯn
祳	*djɯnʔ
脤	*djɯnʔ
鋠	*djɯnʔ
磭	*ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
陙	*djun
脣	*ɦljun
漘	*ɦljun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins) : phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) + semantic 虫 (“insect”).

May also be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) , with 辰 possibly being an agricultural tool made from clam, see there for more.

Etymology

Possibly related to 辰 (OC *djɯn, “5th earthly branch; dragon”) (Schuessler, 2007); see there for more.

Carr (1990) organizes characters in the 辰 phonetic series into two groups, one of which is "dragon", which includes 蜃 as well as 晨 (OC *djɯn, “dragon star”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shèn (shen⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁵ / san⁶ / san⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sīn / sǐn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sing⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
    • Wade–Giles: shên⁴
    • Yale: shèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
    • Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: san⁵ / san⁶ / san⁴
    • Yale: sáhn / sahn / sàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san⁵ / san⁶ / san⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sen⁵ / sen⁶ / sen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn¹³/, /sɐn²²/, /sɐn²¹/

Note:

• san5 - colloquial;
• san6, san4 - variant.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn
    • Tâi-lô: sīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sin
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sin³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐn
    • Tâi-lô: sǐn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sin²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sing⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sîng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyinX, dzyinH

Rime
Character	蜃	蜃
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	時忍切	時刃切
Baxter	dzyinX	dzyinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪnX/	/d͡ʑiɪnH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑinX/	/d͡ʑinH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjenX/	/d͡ʑjenH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑinX/	/d͡ʑinH/
Li Rong	/ʑiĕnX/	/ʑiĕnH/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕnX/	/ʑĭĕnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ĕnX/	/ʑi̯ĕnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèn	shèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san6	san6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ərʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djɯns/, /*djɯnʔ/, /*djins/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蜃
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyinX ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ərʔ/
English	clam, oyster
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蜃	蜃	蜃
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	1371	1380	1384
Phonetic component	辰	辰	辰
Rime group	文	文	文
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	愼	腎	愼
Old Chinese	/*djɯns/	/*djɯnʔ/	/*djins/

Definitions

蜃

1. a type of large shellfish; a type of large bivalve; clam

   • 雉入大水為蜃 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     雉入大水为蜃 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     zhì rù dàshuǐ wèi shèn [Pinyin]

     Pheasants enter the great water and become large clams

2. (mythology) the shen, a shapeshifting aquatic monster originally imagined as a clam and later as a type of dragon

   蜃景  ―  shènjǐng  ―  mirage

   • 海旁蜃氣象樓臺，廣野氣成宮闕然。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     海旁蜃气象楼台，广野气成宫阙然。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

     Hǎipáng shènqì xiàng lóutái, guǎngyě qì chéng gōngquè rán. [Pinyin]

     By the sea, the clamʼs mist resembles towers; in the wild expanse, mist becomes palaces thus.

   • 門前蛟蜃氣，蓑上蕙蘭馨。 [MSC, trad.]
     门前蛟蜃气，蓑上蕙兰馨。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 齊己 (Qí Jǐ) 《湘江漁父》 "The Fisherman on Xiang River", in 《全唐詩》 Quan Tangshi.

     Ménqián jiāoshèn qì, suōshàng huìlán xīn. [Pinyin]

     Before the door, the drakes blow mist; on the coir, the orchids emit fragrance.

3. (historical) ritual vessel painted with images of clam
4. (historical) Short for 蜃炭.

Compounds

• 文蜃
• 歸蜃／归蜃
• 海市蜃樓／海市蜃楼 (hǎishìshènlóu)
• 海蜃
• 火蜃
• 白蜃
• 白蜃雲／白蜃云
• 蚌蜃
• 蛟蜃
• 蛤蜃
• 蜃器
• 蜃壁
• 蜃女
• 蜃市
• 蜃景 (shènjǐng)
• 蜃樓／蜃楼 (shènlóu)
• 蜃樓山市／蜃楼山市
• 蜃樓海市／蜃楼海市
• 蜃母樓／蜃母楼
• 蜃氛
• 蜃氣／蜃气
• 蜃氣樓／蜃气楼
• 蜃海
• 蜃浪
• 蜃灰
• 蜃灶
• 蜃炭
• 蜃牆／蜃墙
• 蜃珧
• 蜃窗
• 蜃精
• 蜃綍／蜃𰬘
• 蜃臺／蜃台
• 蜃蛤
• 蜃衛／蜃卫
• 蜃貝／蜃贝
• 蜃車／蜃车
• 蜃輅／蜃辂
• 蜃醢
• 蜃閣／蜃阁
• 蜃闕／蜃阙
• 蜃雲／蜃云
• 蜃霓
• 蜃風／蜃风
• 蠯蜃
• 赤蜃
• 黑蜃

 

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03647
• “蜃”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

蜃

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: じん (jin)
• Kan-on: しん (shin)
• Kun: おおはまぐり (ōhamaguri, 蜃)

Compounds

• 蜃気楼
• 蜃蛤

Korean

Hanja

蜃 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

蜃: Hán Nôm readings: thận, thẩn, thằn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.