View source for -ak

{{also|-ák|Appendix:Variations of "ak"}}
==Abenaki==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|abe|alg-pro|*-aki}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|abe|suffix}}

# {{non-gloss|A suffix used to form the plurals of animate words.}}
#: {{m|abe|sips||bird}} → {{m|abe|sipsak||birds}}
#: {{m|abe|wôbigo||he is white}} → {{m|abe|wôbigoak||they are white}}

====Usage notes====
* ''-ak'' is the most common suffix used to form the plurals of animate words. It is often used to form the plurals of words ending in letters other than the semivowel ''w'' or the vowel ''a''; it is sometimes used to form the plurals of words ending in ''w''; it is almost never used to form the plurals of words ending in ''a''.
* The other suffixes used to form the plurals of animate words are:
** ''[[-ik]]'', often used to form the plurals of words (especially nouns denoting people who have particular occupations or activities) which end in the consonant ''d'' or ''t'' (which causes the ''d'' or ''t'' to mutate into ''j'': ''[[nodabônkad]]'', "baker" → ''[[nodabônkajik]]'', "bakers"); only rarely used to form the plurals of words ending in other letters (''nodkwaag, notkwahag'', "pilot" → ''nodkwaagik, notkwahagik'', "pilots"),
** ''[[-ok]]'', used to form the plurals of many words ending in ''w'' (which it may suppress), and of some other words (which likely ended in ''w'' at an earlier stage of the language),
** ''[[-k]]'', used to form the plurals of almost all words that end in ''a'', and of some words that end in other vowels or in the semivowel ''w''; not used to form the plurals of words ending in consonants.
* The suffixes used to form the plurals of inanimate words are:
** ''[[-al]]'', the most common suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words (''paskhigan'', "gun" → ''paskhiganal'', "guns"), including most body parts and some words ending in the vowel ''a'',
** ''[[-il]]'', used to form the plurals of some words ending in the consonant ''g'' or ''k''; only rarely used to form the plurals of words ending in other letters,
** ''[[-ol]]'', used to form the plurals of some words ending in the semivowel ''w'' (which it suppresses) or other consonants (which likely ended in ''w'' at an earlier stage of the language),
** ''[[-l]]'', used to form the plurals of many words ending in vowels, including the semivowel ''w''; not used to form the plurals of words ending in consonants.

===References===
* {{R:abe:Laurent|page=203}}
* {{cite-text|abe|year=1994|author=Gordon M. Day|title=Western Abenaki Dictionary|volume=1&2}}

==Basque==

===Etymology 1===
{{unk|eu}}. As the oblique plural forms include the vowel {{m|eu||-e-}}, it has been suggested that it derives from {{inh|eu|euq-pro|*-g}}, to which the epenthetic vowel was attached before case suffixes. Then, the intervocalic {{m|euq-pro||*-g-}} would be dropped due to its position.<ref>{{R:EDB|245|-k (1)}}.</ref>

====Suffix====
{{head|eu|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}}

# {{non-gloss|Absolutive plural suffix.}}
#: {{uxi|eu|Nire guraso'''ak''' oporretan daude.|t=My parent'''s''' are on holiday.}}
#: {{uxi|eu|Txakurrak katu'''ak''' jan ditu.|t=The dog has eaten the cat'''s'''.}}

=====Declension=====
{{eu-inflectional suffixes}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{af|eu|-a|-k|pos1=singular definite article|pos2=ergative suffix|nocat=1}}.

====Suffix====
{{head|eu|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}}

# {{non-gloss|Ergative singular suffix.}}
#: {{uxi|eu|Txakurr'''ak''' katuak jan ditu.|t=The dog has eaten the cats.}}

=====Declension=====
{{eu-inflectional suffixes}}

===References===
<references/>

==Hungarian==

===Etymology===
From {{affix|hu|-a-|-k|pos1=linking vowel|pos2=plural suffix|nocat=y}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{hu-IPA}}

===Suffix===
{{head|hu|suffix}}

# {{senseid|hu|plural}} {{lb|hu|plural suffix}} [[-s]], [[-es]]
#: {{afex|hu|ház|t1=house|ház'''ak'''|t2=house'''s'''}}
#: {{afex|hu|piros|t1=red|piros'''ak'''|t2=red}}
#: {{uxi|hu|Az almák '''pirosak'''.|The apples are '''red'''.}}

====Usage notes====
{{U:hu:plural}}

====See also====
* [[:Category:Hungarian noun forms]]
* [[Appendix:Hungarian suffixes]]

==Ilocano==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|ilo|phi-pro|*ʔakúʔ}}, from {{inh|ilo|poz-pro|*(i-)aku}}, from {{inh|ilo|map-pro|*(i-)aku}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ilo|/ak/|q1=after words ending in consonants and sometimes vowels except /a/}}
* {{IPA|ilo|/ʔak/|q1=after words ending in /a/ and sometimes other vowels}}

===Pronoun===
{{head|ilo|pronoun}}

# {{n-g|First-person singular absolutive enclitic pronoun}}; [[I]], [[me]]
#: {{uxi|ilo|Pilipino'''ak'''.|'''I''' am a Filipino.}}
#: {{uxi|ilo|Kinagat'''ak''' ti aso.|The dog bit '''me'''.}}

====Usage notes====
* When attached to the enclitic {{m|ilo|-en|-(e)n}}, the pronoun becomes '''''-akon''''', reflecting its old form (see etymology above).
*: {{uxi|ilo|Nangan'''akon'''.|'''I already''' ate.}}
* The pronoun is often conflated with {{m|ilo|-nak}} in colloquial speech. See the definition of {{m|ilo|-nak}} for its proper usage.

====Derived terms====
{{col3|ilo|Igorotak}}

====See also====
{{ilo-personal pronouns}}

==Munsee==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|umu|alg-pro|*-aki}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|umu|suffix}}

# {{non-gloss|A suffix used to form the plurals of animate words.}}
#: {{m|umu|lúnuw||man}} → {{m|umu|lunúwak||men}}
#: {{m|umu|alóhkeew||he/she works}} → {{m|umu|alohkéewak||they work}}

==Polish==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*-akъ}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf--ak.wav}}

===Suffix===
{{head|pl|suffix|g=m}}

# {{ng|used to form demonyms}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|Warszawa|warszawiak}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|Kraków|krakowiak}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|Poznań|poznaniak}}
# {{ng|used to form various nouns, many of them colloquial}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|spacer|spacerniak}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|miedź|miedziak}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|buzia|buziak}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|prosty|prostak}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|pić|pijak}}
# {{ng|used to form names of dances and sports}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|szczypiorek|szczypiorniak}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|Kujawy|kujawiak}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|Kraków|krakowiak}}
# {{ng|used to form diminutives of animals}}
#: {{syn|pl|-ę|ątko}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|gęś|gęsiak}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|kaczka|kaczak}}

====Usage notes====
This suffix usually softens the preceding consonant, causing an ''i'' or '''y''' to be added.

====Declension====
Personal declension (e.g. demonyms):
{{pl-decl-noun-masc-pers|-a|k}}

Animate declension (e.g. dances, sports, some colloquial nouns):
{{pl-decl-noun-masc-ani|-a|k}}

Inanimate declension (some colloquial nouns):
{{pl-decl-noun-masc-inani|-a|k|a}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|pl}}

====See also====
* [[-ę]]

===Further reading===
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

==Serbo-Croatian==

===Etymology 1===
{{inh+|sh|sla-pro|*-ъkъ}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|sh|/ak/}}

====Suffix====
{{sh-suffix}}

# {{non-gloss|Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a performer, feature, human relation, result of an action, object, diminutive or a proper name.}}

=====See also=====
* {{l|sh|-jak}}
* {{l|sh|-njak}}

===Etymology 2===

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|sh|/ak/}}

====Suffix====
{{sh-suffix}}

# {{non-gloss|Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.}}
#* {{m|sh|gladiti|glad|to smooth}} + {{m|sh|-ak}} &rarr; {{m|sh|gladak||smooth}}.
#* {{m|sh|ljubiti|ljub|to love}} + {{m|sh|-ak}} &rarr; {{m|sh|ljubak||amiable}}.
#* Proto-Slavic {{m|sla-pro|*plyti}} + {{m|sh|-ak}} &rarr; {{m|sh|plitak||shallow}}.

=====See also=====
* {{l|sh|-ek}}
* {{l|sh|-ok}}

==Turkish==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|tr|-ek}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|tr|ota|ـاق}}, from {{inh|tr|trk-pro|*-gek|*-gak}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|tr|/ak/}}

===Suffix===
{{tr-suffix}}

# {{non-gloss|Creates nouns out of verbs.}}
#* {{m|tr|yatmak|yat-|to lie down}} + {{m|tr|-ak}} &rarr; {{m|tr|yatak||bed}}.
#* {{m|tr|taramak|tara-|to comb}} + {{m|tr|-ak}} &rarr; {{m|tr|tarak||comb}}.