View source for Arctic

{{also|arctic}}
==English==
{{wikipedia}}

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|en|arctic}}

===Etymology===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*h₂retḱ-}}
{{etymon|en|id=pertaining to the North Pole|bor|frm>artique>pertaining to the North Pole}}
From {{der|en|frm|artique}} (with ''-c-'' reintroduced after Latin in the 17th century), from {{der|en|la|arcticus}}, from {{der|en|grc|ἀρκτικός|t=northern, of the (Great) Bear}}, from {{m|grc|ἄρκτος|t=bear, Ursa Major}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*h₂ŕ̥tḱos|t=bear}}. Cognate with {{cog|la|ursus}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈɑː(k)tɪk/|a=RP}} {{qualifier|see [[#Usage notes|usage notes]]}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈɑɹ(k)tɪk/|a=GA}} {{qualifier|see [[#Usage notes|usage notes]]}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-Arctic.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɑː(ɹ)tɪk|ɑː(ɹ)ktɪk|s2=2}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj|-}}

# {{lb|en|astronomy|now only in compounds}} Pertaining to the [[celestial]] [[north pole]], or to the [[pole star]]. {{defdate|from 14th c.}}
# {{lb|en|geography}} Pertaining to the northern polar region of the [[planet]], characterised by extreme [[cold]] and an icy landscape. {{defdate|from 16th c.}}
#* {{RQ:Marlowe Edward 2|year=1622|text=What neede the '''artick''' people loue star-light,<br>To whom the sunne shines both by day and night.}}
#* {{RQ:Milton Paradise Lost|edition=1668|book=2|lines=706-711|text={{...}} on th’ other side<br>Incenc’t with indignation ''Satan'' stood<br>Unterrifi’d, and like a Comet burn’d,<br>That fires the length of ''{{w|Ophiucus}}'' huge<br>In th’ '''Artick''' Sky, and from his horrid hair<br>Shakes Pestilence and Warr.|year=1873}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1788|author=w:Samuel Jackson Pratt|title=Humanity, or the Rights of Nature|location=London|publisher=T. Cadell|section=Book 2, p. 96|url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/004804259.0001.000
|passage=See <small>FREEDOM</small> smiling thro’ the realms of frost,<br>And glow on Labradore’s inclement coast,<br>Tho’ darkness sheds deep night thro’ half the year,<br>And snow invests the clime,—that clime is dear,<br>For there fair <small>LIBERTY</small> resides, and there<br>At large the native breasts the searching air,<br>Where blows the '''arctic''' tempests icy gale,<br>And famine seizes on the spermy whale,}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1968|author=w:Robert Conquest|chapter=A Nation in Torment|title={{w|The Great Terror (book)|The Great Terror: Stalin's Purge of the Thirties}}|url=https://archive.org/details/greatterrorstali0000conq/
|publisher=w:Macmillan Company|LCCN=68-17513|OCLC=1169910711|OL=21272570M|page=327|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/greatterrorstali0000conq/page/327/
|text=A medical examination determined who was to be sent on to Norilsk in the '''Arctic'''.}}
# Extremely [[cold]], [[snowy]], or having other properties of extreme [[winter]] associated with the Arctic. {{defdate|from 16th c.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1979|author=w:John Le Carré|title=Smiley's People|page=45|publisher=Folio Society|year_published=2010
|passage=‘Could you close that window, please!’ Strickland called, dialling again. ‘It's bloody '''arctic''' down this end.’}}
# Designed for use in very cold conditions. {{defdate|from 19th c.}}

====Usage notes====
* Similarly to {{m|en|Antarctic}}, the English word was originally pronounced without {{IPAchar|/k/}}, but the spelling pronunciation has become the more common one. The "c" was originally added to the spelling for etymological reasons, and its pronunciation followed thereafter.<!--Information here accords with [[w:Arctic#cite_note-3]] as of 2023-02-21; changes to either place should accord with the other and with the references cited at the WP note.-->

====Translations====
{{trans-top|pertaining to the northern polar region of the planet}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|قُطْبِيّ شَمَالِيّ}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|аркты́чны}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|аркти́чен}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|အာတိတ်}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|àrtic}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|arktický}}
* Danish: {{t|da|arktisk}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|arkta}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|arktinen}}
* French: {{t+|fr|arctique}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|ártico}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|არქტიკული}}, {{t|ka|არქტიკის}}
* German: {{t+|de|arktisch}}
* Greenlandic: {{t|kl|issittoq}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|arktískur|m}}, {{t|is|hánorrænn|m}}, {{t|is|norðurheimskauts-}}, {{t|is|norðurskauts-}}, {{t|is|norðurpóls-}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|Arktika}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|Artach}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|artico}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|អាកទិក}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ອາກຕິກ}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|арктички}}
* Manx: {{t|gv|arctagh}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|arktisk}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|arktisk}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|arktyczny|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|ártico}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|arctic}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|аркти́ческий}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|а̀рктичкӣ}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|àrktičkī}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|arktický}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|arktičen}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|ártico}}, {{t+|es|árctico}} {{qualifier|obsolete}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|arktisk}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|Artiko}}
* Thai: {{t|th|อาร์กติก}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|arktik}} {{qualifier|loanword}}, {{t+|tr|Kuzey Kutbu}} {{qualifier|adjectival noun}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|аркти́чний}}
* Vietnamese: {{t|vi|vùng Bắc Cực}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|cold, snowy, or having other properties of extreme winter associated with the Arctic}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|բևեռային}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|аркти́чен}}
* Danish: {{t|da|arktisk}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|arktinen}}, {{t+|fi|jääkylmä}}
* French: {{t+|fr|arctique}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|არქტიკული}}
* German: {{t+|de|arktisch}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|αρκτικός}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|Artach}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|artik}}
* Manx: {{t|gv|arctagh}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|mātaratara}}
* Northern Sami: {{t|se|arktalaš}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|arktyczny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|ártico}}, {{t+|pt|glacial}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|arctic}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|аркти́ческий}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|glacial}}, {{t+|es|árctico}} {{qualifier|obsolete}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|arktisk}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|buzul}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Proper noun===
{{en-proper noun}}

# {{lb|en|obsolete}} The north [[celestial pole]]. {{defdate|15th|17th c.}}
# {{lb|en|geography}} The region of the [[Earth]] above the [[Arctic Circle]], containing the [[North Pole]]. {{defdate|from 17th c.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1772|author={{w|Richard Cumberland (dramatist)|Richard Cumberland}}|title=w:The Fashionable Lover|location=London|publisher=W. Griffin|section=act IV|page=46|url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/004781973.0001.000
|passage=I’ve visited the world from '''arctic''' to ecliptic, as a surgeon does a hospital, and find all men sick of some distemper {{...}}}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|en|Arctic blue|Arctic blues|Arctic ground squirrel|Arctic warbler|Arctic dog disease|Arctic haze
|[[Arctic char]] ({{taxfmt|Salvelinus alpinus|species}})
|[[Arctic cod]] ({{taxlink|Arctogadus glacialis|species}}, {{taxlink|Boreogadus saida|species}})
|[[Arctic loon]] ({{taxfmt|Gavia arctica|species}})
|[[Arctic Sea]]
|[[Arctic Ocean]]
|[[Arctic skua]] ({{taxfmt|Stercorarius parasiticus|species}})
|[[Arctic wolf spider]] ({{taxfmt|Pardosa glacialis|species}})
|[[Arctic Circle]]
|[[Arctic conditions]]
|[[Arctic fox]] ({{taxfmt|Vulpes lagopus|species}})
|[[Arctic hare]] ({{taxfmt|Lepus arcticus|species}})
|{{vern|Arctic tern}} ({{taxfmt|Sterna paradisaea|species}})
|[[Northwest Arctic Borough]]
|[[subarctic]]
}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|a region of the Earth}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|Arktika}}
* Albanian: {{t|sq|Arktik}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|أَرْكِتِيك}}, {{t|ar|القُطْب الشَمَالِيّ|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|Արկտիկա|sc=Armn}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|Arktika}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|А́рктыка|f|sc=Cyrl}}
* Bengali: {{t|bn|সুমেরু অঞ্চল}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|А́рктика|f}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|အာတိတ်|sc=Mymr}}
* Catalan: {{t|ca|Àrtida|f}}, {{t|ca|Àrtic|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|北極|tr=běijí}}
* Chukchi: {{t|ckt|Эйгысӄын|tr=Ėjgysqyn}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|Arktida|f}}
* Danish: {{t|da|Arktis}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|Arkto}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|Arktika}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[arktinen]] [[alue]]}}
* French: {{t+|fr|Arctique|f}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|არქტიკა|sc=Geor}}
* German: {{t+|de|Arktis|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|Αρκτική|f}}
* Greenlandic: {{t|kl|Issittoq}}
* Hebrew: {{t|he|האזור הארקטי|sc=Hebr}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|आर्कटिक}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|Arktisz}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|Norðurslóðir|f-p}}, {{t|is|Norðurskautssvæðið|n}}, {{t|is|Norðurheimskautssvæðið|n}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|arktiko}}
* Indonesian: {{t|id|Arktik}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|Artach|m}}
* Italian: {{t|it|Artide|m}}, {{t|it|Artico|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|北極|tr=ほっきょく, hokkyoku}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|Арктика|sc=Cyrl}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|អាកទិក}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|북극(北極)}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t|ky|Арктика|sc=Cyrl}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ແຖບຂົ້ວໂລກເຫນືອ}}, {{t|lo|ອາກຕິກ}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|Arktika|f}}
* Lithuanian: {{t+|lt|Arktis|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|А́рктик|m}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|Artik}}
* Manx: {{t|gv|Arctagh|alt=Yn Arctagh|m}}
* Mongolian: {{t|mn|хойд туйл|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|mn|Арктик|sc=Cyrl}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|Arktis}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|Arktis}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|شمالگان|tr=šomâlegân}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|Arktyka|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|ártico|m}}
* Romanian: {{t|ro|Arctica|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|А́рктика|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|Арктик|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|Arktik|m}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|Arktída|f}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|Arktika|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|ártico|m}}, {{t+|es|árctico}} {{qualifier|obsolete}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|Aktiki}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|Arktis|n}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|Artiko}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|Арктика|sc=Cyrl}}
* Thai: {{t|th|อาร์กติก}}
* Tigrinya: {{t|ti|ኣርክቲክ}}
* Tongan: {{t|to|ʻĀketika}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|Arktika}}, {{t+|tr|Kuzey Kutbu}}
* Turkmen: {{t+|tk|Arktika}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|А́рктика|f|sc=Cyrl}}
* Uzbek: {{t|uz|Arktika}}
* Vietnamese: {{t|vi|vùng Bắc Cực}}, {{t|vi|phương bắc}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|US|now|_|chiefly|historical}} A warm [[waterproof]] [[overshoe]]. {{defdate|from 19th c.}}
# Any of various [[butterfly|butterflies]] of the genus {{taxfmt|Oeneis|genus}}. {{defdate|from 20th c.}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|butterfly of the genus ''Oeneis''}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|kylmänperhonen}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=accirt|-cratic|cratic}}

{{C|en|Footwear|Satyrine butterflies|Temperature}}