View source for ch

{{also|Appendix:Variations of "ch"}}
==Translingual==
{{wikipedia}}

===Letter===
{{mul-letter}}

# A [[digraph]] from [[c]] and [[h]], considered an individual letter in some languages.

===Symbol===
{{mul-symbol}}

# {{alt form|mul|cosh|gloss=hyperbolic cosine}}
# {{ISO 639|1}}

==English==

===Etymology 1===

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~|chs}}

# {{abbreviation of|en|chain|nodot=1}}, a unit of measurement equal to 22 [[yard]]s
# {{abbreviation of|en|chapter|nodot=1}}, main section of a [[book]]
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2007|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books|page=143|text='''Ch''' 2 secondarily interrupts the flow between '''chs''' 1 and 3 (see 2.1–16n.).}}
# {{abbreviation of|en|chestnut|nodot=1}}, a dark reddish-brown colored [[horse]]
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2014|author=Kenneth Hinchcliff; Andris Kaneps; Raymond Geor|title=Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery|page=675|text=NAME OF HORSE (COLOR, SEX, YEAR BORN)<br/>Secretariat ('''ch'''.s. 1970)}}
# {{abbreviation of|en|channel|nodot=1}}, in reference to telephones, audio, radio, and television
#: {{usex|en|5.1 '''ch''' surround sound}}

===Etymology 2===
Aphetic form of {{m|en|ich}}, {{m|en|utch}}, ultimately from {{inh|en|ang|iċ|t=I}}. Compare {{cog|nl|'k}}, an aphetic variant of {{m|nl|ik|t=I}}. More at {{l|en|ich}}, {{l|en|I}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|en|/t͡ʃ/}}

====Pronoun====
{{en-pron}}

# {{lb|en|obsolete|dialectal}} {{alternative form of|en|I}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=ch|h/c|hc|H/C|H.C.|HC|H&C}}

{{cln|en|aphetic forms|two-letter words}}

==Blin==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|byn|/tʃʼ/}}

===Letter===
{{head|byn|letter|uppercase|Ch|sc=Latn}}

# {{ng|A [[letter]] of the [[Bilen]] Latin alphabet.}}

==Central Mazahua==

===Pronunciation===
*{{IPA|maz|/tʃ/}}

===Letter===
{{head|maz|letter|upper case|Ch}}
# {{ng|A letter of the [[Mazahua]] alphabet.}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/maz}}

==Chipewyan==

===Pronunciation===
# {{IPA|chp|/t͜ʃʰ/}}

===Letter===
{{head|chp|letter|upper case|Ch}}

# {{Latn-def|chp|letter|indef=a}}

==Czech==

===Letter===
{{head|cs|letter|lower case||upper case|CH|mixed case|Ch}}

# a [[digraph]], the fourteenth letter of the [[w:Czech alphabet|Czech alphabet]], after {{m|cs|h}} and before {{m|cs|i}}

====Usage notes====
In names or at the beginning of a sentence the mixed case ''Ch'' is used (e. g. [[Chrudim]]).

==Esperanto==

===Letter===
{{head|eo|letter}}

# A digraph used in the [[h-sistemo]] to represent [[ĉ]].

====See also====
* {{l|eo|gh}}, {{l|eo|hh}}, {{l|eo|jh}}, {{l|eo|sh}}
* {{l|eo|cx}}, {{l|eo|gx}}, {{l|eo|hx}}, {{l|eo|jx}}, {{l|eo|sx}}, {{l|eo|ux}}

==French==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|fr|ch.}}

===Etymology 1===
{{abbrev|fr|chaque||each}}.

====Adjective====
{{fr-adj|inv=y}}

# [[ea]] {{gloss|[[each]]}}

===Etymology 2===
{{abbrev|fr|cheval-vapeur||horsepower}}.

====Noun====
Added {{wikipedia|Metric horsepower}}
{{fr-noun|m|#}}

# [[hp]] {{gloss|horsepower}}

=====Usage notes=====
The abbreviation ''ch'' is used for all types of (metric) horsepower except ''tax horsepower'', which uses the initialisms [[cv]] or [[CV]].

==Hadza==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|hts|/ᵏǀʰ/}}

===Letter===
{{head|hts|letter|upper case|Ch|sc=Latn}}

# {{ng|A letter of the practical [[Hadza]] alphabet.}}

==Hungarian==
{{swp|lang=hu|Ch (digráf)}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{q|on its own}} {{hu-IPA|céhá}}
* {{q|within words}} {{IPA|hu|/xː/|/t͡ʃ/|/ç/|/çː/|/h/|/k/|/ʃ/}} {{q|depending on the word}}

===Letter===
{{hu-letter|upper=Ch|lower=ch}}

# {{n-g|A digraph used in several Hungarian words, as well as in some surnames, given names, and geographical names.}}

====Usage notes====
It is used (among others) in the following words, along with their derivations and compounds: {{m|hu|[[Achilles-ín]], [[allochton]], [[acháj]], [[achát]], [[akrosztichon]], [[almanach]], [[anarchia]]/[[anarchikus]]/[[anarchista]]/[[anarchizmus]], [[archaikus]]/[[archaizál]]/[[archaizmus]], [[archeológia]]/[[archeológus]], [[archimandrita]], [[architektúra]], [[archivál]]/[[archivális]]/[[archívum]], [[autochton]], [[bacchanália]], [[bacchánsnő]], [[baldachin]], [[barchesz]], [[barkochba]]/[[barkochbázik]], [[bronchitisz]], [[cech]], [[chanti]], [[charleston]], [[charta]], [[charter]], [[chartizmus]], [[chata]], [[chianti]], [[chorijambus]], [[chripka]], [[couchette]], [[disztichon]], [[durchmars]], [[echó]], [[echt]], [[eucharisztia]]/[[eucharisztikus]], [[eunuch]], [[exarcha]], [[fach]], [[franchise]], [[gaucho]], [[gouache]], [[guttapercha]], [[hierarchia]]/[[hierarchikus]], [[hipochonder]]/[[hipochondria]], [[ichtioszaurusz]], [[jacht]], [[kapitälchen]], [[krach]], [[lichthóf]], [[macher]], [[machiavellizmus]], [[machináció]]/[[machinál]], [[malachit]], [[mannlicher]],  [[matriarchátus]], [[mazochista]]/[[mazochizmus]], [[mechanika]]/[[mechanikus]]/[[mechanisztikus]]/[[mechanizál]]/[[mechanizmus]], [[mettlachi]], [[moloch]], [[monarchia]]/[[monarchikus]]/[[monarchista]], [[oligarcha]]/[[oligarchia]]/[[oligarchikus]], [[orchidea]], [[patriarcha]]/[[patriarchális]]/[[patriarchátus]], [[pech]]/[[peches]], [[poncho]], [[poncichter]], [[psziché]]/[[pszichiáter]]/[[pszichiátria]]/[[pszichikai]]/[[pszichikum]]/[[pszicho-]]/[[pszichózis]], [[richtig]], [[rizskoch]], [[sarlach]], [[stich]], [[strichel]], [[szacharin]], [[szinekdoché]], [[sztrichnin]], [[technika]]/[[technikum]]/[[technikus]]/[[technokrácia]]/[[technokrata]]/[[technológia]]/[[technológus]], [[trachoma]], [[trocheus]], [[vlach]], [[winchester]]}}.

Officially recognized given names: {{m|hu|[[Achilles]], [[Achillesz]], [[Áchim]], [[Archibald]], [[Joachim]], [[Melchior]], [[Orchidea]], [[Psziché]], [[Ráchel]], [[Richárd]]}}.<ref>{{R:Utonev}}</ref>

Surnames (a selection from notable people<ref>[http://mek.niif.hu/02100/02133/02133.pdf Személyekről elnevezett budapesti utcanevek évfordulók tükrében] (’Street names in Budapest named after persons, as reflected in anniversaries’) by György Mészáros</ref>): {{m|hu|[[Aulich]], [[Damjanich]], [[Forgách]], [[Keglevich]], [[Knézich]], [[Kovách]], [[Laczkovich]], [[Madách]], [[Maderspach]], [[Orlay Petrich]], [[Széchenyi]], [[Széchényi]], [[Zách]], [[Zichy]]}}.

Geographical names (along with their derivations, e.g. {{m|hu|chilei}}): {{m|hu|[[Charlestown]], [[Chatham-szigetek]], [[Chile]], [[Chișinău]], [[Déli-Georgia és Déli-Sandwich-szigetek]],  [[Liechtenstein]], [[Nouakchott]], [[Seychelle-szigetek]]}} as well as two settlements in Hungary, {{m|hu|Chernelházadamonya}} and {{m|hu|Zichyújfalu}}, a hill in Budapest, {{m|hu|Széchenyi-hegy}} (named after [[w:István Széchenyi|István Széchenyi]]) and a neighborhood in Budapest, {{m|hu|Széchenyihegy}} (named after the hill).

====Declension====
{{hu-infl-nom|ch-|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|ch-}}

===See also===
* {{list:Latin script letters/hu}}

===References===
<references/>

==Irish==

===Pronunciation===
# {{IPA|ga|/x/}}, {{IPAfont|/ç/}}

===Letter===
{{head|ga|letter|upper case|Ch}}

# {{ng|A [[digraph]] in Irish orthography}}

==Khoekhoe==

===Letter===
{{head|naq|letter|upper case|Ch}}

# {{lb|naq|obsolete|Tindall orthography}} {{ng|A letter of the Khoekhoe alphabet; modern ''[[ǀh]]''.}}

==Latvian==

===Letter===
{{head|lv|letter|lower case||upper case|CH|mixed case|Ch}}

# {{lb|lv|obsolete}} a letter used in older, pre-World-War-II Latvian spelling, but now replaced everywhere by [[h]] (upper case [[H]])

====Usage notes====
This letter can still be found in older books, or in books written by the Latvian diaspora prior to the fall of the Soviet Union. It used to represent the sound of IPA symbol /x/, as distinct from /h/; but since these sounds have merged as /x/ in current Latvian pronunciation, <nowiki><h> (= /x/)</nowiki> is now used in all cases.

==Lower Sorbian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|dsb|/x/}}

===Letter===
{{dsb-letter|mixed=Ch|upper=CH}}

# {{Latn-def|dsb|letter|12|cha}}

====Usage notes====
Alphabetized between H and I.

===See also===
* {{list:Latin script letters/dsb}}

==Mam==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|mam|/tʃʰ/}}

===Letter===
{{head|mam|letter|uppercase|Ch|sc=Latn}}

# {{ng|A [[letter]] of the [[Mam]] alphabet.}}

==Osage==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|osa|[t͜sʰ]}}

===Letter===
{{osa-letter}}

# A letter of the [[Osage]] Latin alphabet. Osage script [[𐓴]].

==Slovak==

===Pronunciation===
* {{qualifier|phoneme}} {{IPA|sk|/x/}}

===Letter===
{{head|sk|letter|upper case|Ch}}

# {{Latn-def|sk|letter|16}}

===See also===
* {{list:Latin script letters/sk}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:sk:SDK}}

==Spanish==

===Letter===
{{head|es|letter|lower case||upper case|CH|mixed case|Ch}}

# ''[[che]]'', the former fourth letter of the Spanish alphabet, after {{m|es|c}} and before {{m|es|d}}

====Usage notes====
* Since 1994, this letter has been treated as {{m|es|c}} followed by {{m|es|h}} for collation (sorting) purposes only. In 2010, this letter was officially removed by the [[RAE]] from the Spanish alphabet.

===Further reading===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}

==Tagalog==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|tl|es|ch}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{tl-pr
|ché<qq:letter name, chiefly upper class>
|t_sé<qq:letter name>
|sé<qq:letter name>
|+<qq:phoneme, chiefly upper class>
|t_s<qq:phoneme>
|s<qq:phoneme>
}}

===Letter===
{{tl-letter|b=che}} {{tlb|tl|historical}}

# {{tl-letter-def|4|che|alph=abec}}

==Tlingit==

===Pronunciation===
*{{IPA|tli|/tʃʰ/}}

===Letter===
{{head|tli|letter|upper case|Ch}}

# {{Latn-def|tli|letter|indef=a}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/tli}}

==Uzbek==

===Pronunciation===
* {{qualifier|phoneme}} {{IPA|uz|/tʃ/}}

===Letter===
{{head|uz|letter|upper case|Ch}}

# {{Latn-def|uz|letter|28}}

===See also===
* {{list:Latin script letters/uz}}

==Vietnamese==

===Pronunciation===
{{vi-IPA|xê hát|chờ|chờ nhẹ}}

===Letter===
{{vi-letter|lower=ch|upper=CH|mixed=Ch}}

# {{lb|vi|dated}} {{n-g|Traditionally the sixth {{l|en|letter}} of the Vietnamese {{l|en|alphabet}}, called {{l|vi|xê hát}}, {{l|vi|chờ}} or {{l|vi|chờ nhẹ}} and written in the [[Appendix:Latin script|Latin script]].}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/vi}}

==Welsh==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|cy|/ɛχ/|a=standard}}
** {{IPA|cy|/χ(ː)/|a=informal}}

===Letter===
{{cy-letter|upper=Ch|lower=ch}}

# {{Latn-def|cy|letter|4|èch}} ''It is preceded by {{l|cy|C}} and followed by {{l|cy|D}}.''

====Usage notes====
Like the other Welsh digraphs, {{m|cy|ch}} is considered a distinct letter of the Welsh alphabet for all purposes, including collation. Thus, {{m|cy|chwech}} is alphabetically sorted '''after''' {{m|cy|cyllell}}.

===Mutation===
* {{m|cy|ch}} cannot be mutated in Welsh.

===See also===
* {{list:Latin script letters/cy}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:cy:GPC}}

==Xhosa==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|xh|/ᵏǀʰ/}}

===Letter===
{{head|xh|letter|upper case|Ch}}

# {{ng|A digraph in [[Xhosa]] orthography.}}

==Yele==

===Pronunciation===
*{{IPA|yle|/t̪ʲ/}} (pronounced {{IPAfont|[t͡ɕ]}})

===Letter===
{{head|yle|letter|upper case|Ch}}

# {{ng|A letter of the [[Yele]] alphabet.}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/yle}}