View source for estar

==Aragonese==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|an|la|stāre||stand}}, present active infinitive of {{m|la|stō||stand}}, from PIE {{m|ine-pro|*steh₂-}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{an-pr}}

===Verb===
{{head|an|verb}}

# to [[be]]

====Usage notes====
Contrary to other Iberian languages, Aragonese only makes use of one verb "to be", this means that the verb "ser" is not present.

====Conjugation====
{{an-conj-estar}}

==Catalan==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|ca|la|sto|stāre|t=to stand}}. Where the velar infix that is characteristic for the second conjugation comes from is unknown.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA}}
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-estar.wav}}
* {{rhymes|ca|a(ɾ)|s=2}}

===Verb===
{{ca-verb}}

# {{lb|ca|transitive|copular}} to [[be]]; to [[currently]] [[be]] in a [[state]] or have a [[characteristic]] {{gl|Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes a temporary state of being.}}
#: {{ux|ca|'''Estic''' cansada.|I '''am''' tired.|inline=1}}
# {{lb|ca|auxiliary}} {{n-g|forms the [[continuous]] [[aspect]], together with a [[present participle]]}}
#: {{ux|ca|Ja '''està''' dormint.|He '''is''' already sleeping.|inline=1}}
# {{lb|ca|intransitive|+adverbial phrase}} to be [[located]] {{gl|to be in a place}}
#: {{ux|ca|La Torre Eiffel '''està''' a París.|The Eiffel Tower '''is''' in Paris.|inline=1}}

====Usage notes====
* This is one of two verbs that can be translated as ''to be'', the other being {{m|ca|ser}}/{{m|ca|ésser}}. ''Ser/ésser'' indicates something that is inherent and not expected to change, whereas {{m|ca|estar}} describes temporary qualities that apply only at a particular time. ''Ser/ésser'' relates to {{m|ca|estar}} as {{m|en|essence}} relates to {{m|en|state}}, etymologically as well as semantically.

====Conjugation====
{{ca-conj}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|ca|benestar}}
* {{l|ca|estada}}
* {{l|ca|estament}}
* {{l|ca|estança}}
* {{l|ca|malestar}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ca|estadant}}
* {{l|ca|estar-se}}
* {{l|ca|estaria}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:GDLC}}
* {{R:ca:DNV}}
* {{R:ca:DCVB}}

{{cln|ca|irregular first conjugation verbs}}

==Galician==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|gl|roa-opt|estar}}, from {{inh|gl|la|stāre||stand}}, present active infinitive of {{m|la|stō||stand}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{gl-pr|ėstar}}
* {{hyph|gl|es|tar}}

===Verb===
{{gl-verb|reinteg=1}}

# to [[be]]
# {{lb|gl|copulative}} to [[be]] {{gl|denotes a [[transient]] quality; a quality expected to change}} {{+obj|gl|adjective}}
# {{lb|gl|auxiliary}} to [[be]]; {{n-g|forms the [[progressive]] aspect}} {{+obj|gl|ger/:a(inf)}}
# {{lb|gl|intransitive}} to [[cost]] {{gl|to be worth a certain amount of money}}, especially of something whose price changes often {{+obj|gl|:a<price>}}
#: {{uxi|gl|Os ovos '''están a''' 2€ a ducia|Eggs '''cost''' 2€ a dozen.}}
# {{lb|gl|intransitive}} to [[be]] about to; {{n-g|indicates imminence or }} {{+obj|gl|:para(inf)}}
#* {{quote-book|gl|year=1861|translator=José Sánchez de Santa María|title=Gospel of Matthew|passage=Pois así tamén, cando vosoutros víredes todas estas cousas, tede por certo que xa o Fillo do home '''está para''' chegar, e que xa está á porta|translation=Even so you also, when you see all these things, know that the Son of Man '''is about to''' arrive, even at the doors.}}
# to [[stand]]

====Usage notes====
Like Portuguese and Spanish, Galician has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”. The verb {{m|gl|ser}} relates to essence, origin, or physical description. In contrast, the verb {{m|gl|estar}} relates to current state or position.

====Conjugation====
{{gl-conj}}
{{gl-reinteg-conj}}

===See also===
* {{l|gl|ser}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:gl:DRAG}}

==Ladino==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|lad|la|stāre||stand}}, present active infinitive of {{m|la|stō||stand}}.

===Verb===
{{lad-verb}}

# to [[be]], be [[present]]

==Old Galician-Portuguese==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|roa-opt|la|stō|stāre|stand}}, from {{inh|roa-opt|ine-pro|*steh₂-}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|roa-opt|/es.ˈtaɾ/|/ˈstaɾ/}}
* {{rhymes|roa-opt|aɾ|s=2}}

===Verb===
{{head|roa-opt|verb}}

# to [[be]]

====Conjugation====
{{roa-opt-conj (estar)}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|gl|estar}}
* {{desc|pt|estar}}

==Old Irish==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|sga|/ˈestar/}}

===Verb===
{{head|sga|verb form|head=·estar}}

# {{inflection of|sga|ithid||3|s|pres|subj|conjunct}}

===Mutation===
{{sga-mutation|e|star|p=·}}

==Portuguese==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|pt|tar||colloquial}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|pt|roa-opt|estar}}, from {{inh|pt|la|sto|stāre|t=stand}}, from {{inh|pt|ine-pro|*steh₂-}}. The stems ''estev-'' or ''estiv-'' found in some inflections likely come from {{der|pt|VL.|*stēvī}} (perfect in ''-ēv-'', used by [[:Category:Latin second conjugation verbs with perfect in -ev-|some Latin second conjugation verbs]]), hypothetical perfect stem that displaced original Classical Latin perfect {{m|la|stetī}}. The present subjunctive stem ''estej-'' is by analogy with {{m|pt|ser}}, ''sej-'' (which is from {{m+|la|sedeo|sedēre}}).

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-D6596-estar.wav|a=Brazil,Rio de Janeiro|IPA=/iʃˈtah/}}
* {{homophones|pt|está|qq1=Brazil}}
* {{hyphenation|pt|es|tar}}

===Verb===
{{pt-verb}}

# {{senseid|pt|to be in a place}} {{lb|pt|intransitive}} to [[be]] {{gl|indicates location in space}} {{+obj|pt|:em<location>/another locational preposition or adverb}}
#: {{uxi|pt|Onde '''estás'''?|Where '''are you'''?}}
#: {{uxi|pt|'''Estou''' em casa.|'''I am''' at home.}}
# {{senseid|pt|to be in a transient state}} {{lb|pt|copulative}} to [[be]] {{gl|denotes a [[transient]] quality; a quality expected to change}} {{+obj|pt|adjective}}
#: {{uxi|pt|O tempo '''estava''' frio.|The weather '''was''' cold (''at that moment'').}}
#: {{uxi|pt|'''Estás''' louco?|'''Are''' you crazy (''right now'')?}}
#: {{uxi|pt|A maçã '''está''' madura.|The apple '''is''' ripe.}}
# {{senseid|pt|forms the progressive}} {{lb|pt|auxiliary}} to [[be]]; {{n-g|forms the [[progressive]] aspect}} {{+obj|pt|ger<ll:Brazil>/:a(inf)<ll:Portugal>}}
#: {{uxi|pt|Ela '''está''' cantando? / Ela '''está''' a cantar?|'''Is''' she singing?}}
#: {{uxi|pt|'''Estavam''' trabalhando muito.|'''They were''' working a lot.}}
#: {{uxi|pt|'''Estávamos''' a ler muito.|'''We had been''' reading a lot.}}
#: {{uxi|pt|'''Estaremos''' a ler livros.|'''We will be''' reading books.}}
# {{senseid|pt|to cost}} {{lb|pt|intransitive}} to [[cost]] {{gl|to be worth a certain amount of money}}, especially of something whose price changes often {{+obj|pt|:a<price>}}
#: {{syn|pt|custar}}
#: {{ux|pt|O quilo de maçã '''está''' a dois euros.|t=A kilogram of apples '''costs''' two euros.}}
# {{senseid|pt|to look}} {{lb|pt|copulative}} to [[look]], to [[appear]] {{gl|to give an appearance of being}} {{+obj|pt|adjective}}
#: {{ux|pt|Você '''está''' bonita.|You '''look''' pretty.}}
# to [[stand]]
#: {{ux|pt|Aqui '''estou'''.|Here I '''stand'''.}}

====Usage notes====
* See {{m|pt|ser}}.
* For most speakers the first syllable (es-) is usually ommited in colloquial language and the full pronunciation is somewhat formal.

====Conjugation====
{{pt-conj}}

====Quotations====
{{seeCites|pt}}

====Derived terms====
{{der4
|pt|está bem
|estar a fim
|estar com
|estar fora de si
|estar frito
|estar para
|estar para nascer
|estar por
|estar por dentro
|estar por fora
|não estar com nada
|não estar nem aí
}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|pt|estábulo}}

===See also===
* {{l|pt|ser}}
* {{l|pt|ter}}
* {{l|pt|haver}}

==Spanish==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|es|tar||Latin America|nonstandard}}

===Etymology===
{{inh+|es|osp|estar}}, inherited from {{inh|es|la|stō|stāre|stand}}, from {{inh|es|ine-pro|*steh₂-}} (compare {{cog|en|stand}}). The preterite's origin is unclear, most likely generalized from the preterite of {{m|es|haber||to have}}, ''hub-'' (note that ''b'' and ''v'' are pronounced identically; compare the same development in {{m|es|andar}} and {{m|es|tener}}). Cognate with {{cog|en|state}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr|+<audio:es-us-estar.ogg<a:US>>}}

===Verb===
{{es-verb}}

# {{lb|es|intransitive}} to [[be]] {{gl|have a temporary or permanent location in space}}
#: {{ux|es|¿Dónde '''estás'''?|Where '''are''' you?}}
#: {{ux|es|'''Estoy''' en casa.|I '''am''' at home.}}
# {{lb|es|intransitive}} to [[be]] {{q|denotes a copula, in a [[transient]] fashion}}
#: {{ux|es|El tiempo '''estaba''' frío/caliente.|The weather '''was''' cold/hot [back then].}}
#: {{ux|es|¿'''Estás''' feliz?|'''Are''' you happy [right now]?}}
# to [[be]] {{gl|auxiliary verb for the [[progressive]]/[[continuous]] [[aspect]], preceding the [[gerund]] of the verb}}
#: {{ux|es|Ella '''está''' cantando.|She '''is''' singing.}}
# {{lb|es|intransitive}} to [[be]] in a [[state]] (in a passive voice sense)
#: {{ux|es|Los vasos '''están''' rotos.|The vases '''are''' broken. (In passive voice with ''estar'', unlike ''haber'', its past participle agrees with number and gender of the subject)}}
#: {{ux|es|Llegaron y vieron que el hotel '''estaba''' abandonado.|They arrived and saw the hotel '''was''' abandoned.}}
# {{lb|es|reflexive|followed by adjective}} to [[be]], [[stay]] {{gl|denotes a copula, in a [[transient]] fashion}}
#: {{ux|es|'''Esten'''se callados y quietos.|'''Stay''' quiet and not moving.}}
# {{lb|es|intransitive}} to [[be]] (still) {{+obj|es|:por(inf)<to be done>}}
#: {{ux|es|Esto todavía '''está''' por hacer.|This is still to be done.}}
#: {{ux|es|Lo peor '''está''' por llegar.|The worst part '''is yet''' to come.}}
# {{lb|es|intransitive}} to [[be]] in a [[long-term]] state {{gl|in specific idioms}}
#: {{ux|es|'''estar''' muerto/a|'''to be''' dead|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|es|'''estar''' casado/a|'''to be''' married (can also be {{m|es||ser casado}})|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|es|'''estar''' chico/a|'''to be''' short (colloquially)|inline=1}}

====Usage notes====
* See {{m|es|ser#Spanish}}. Contrast also with {{m|es|quedar}}.

====Conjugation====
Despite having a vowel in the root, estar's conjugation matches {{m|es|dar}} in the present indicative and present subjunctive tenses, with none of the forms in those tenses being stressed on the root.
{{es-conj}}
{{es-conj|estarse|nocomb=1}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|es
|aquí estamos
|cuarto de estar
|estar para
|sala de estar
|ya está
|ya que estamos}}

====Related terms====
{{col-auto
|es|estado
|estadía
|estancia
|estación
}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|bcl|istar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hil|istar|bor=1}}

====See also====
* {{l|es|ser}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}