View source for formal

{{also|formál|formål}}
==English==
{{wikipedia|lang=en}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|en|enm|formel}}, borrowed from {{der|en|fro|formel}}, from {{der|en|la|fōrmālis}}, from {{m|la|fōrma||[[form]]}}; equivalent to {{suf|en|form|al}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|en|/ˈfɔɹməl/|a=GA}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈfɔːməl/|a=RP}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɔː(ɹ)məl|s=2}}
* {{hyph|en|for|mal}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-formal.ogg|a=US}}

====Adjective====
{{en-adj}}

# Being in accord with established [[forms]].
#: {{ux|en|She spoke '''formal''' English, without any dialect.}}
# [[official|Official]].
#: {{ux|en|I'd like to make a '''formal''' complaint.}}
#: {{attn|en|Is this a separate sense, “unambiguous”?}}{{ux|en|Despite efforts by limnologists and freshwater biologists to create a '''formal''' definition of “pond”, there is still no universal distinction between a “pond” and a “lake.”}}
# Relating to the [[form]] or [[structure]] of something.
#: {{ux|en|'''Formal''' linguistics ignores the vocabulary of languages and focuses solely on their grammar.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Heikki Seppä|title=Form Emphasis for Metalsmiths|location=[Kent, Oh.]|publisher=[[w:Kent State University#University Press|Kent State University Press]]|year=1978|page=1|isbn=978-0-87338-212-0|passage=THE THREE DOMINANT FORMS IN METALSMITHING {{...}} At present, there are but three basic volumetric forms dominating the work of metalsmiths, the ''spherical'' (usually in its most practical form, the ''domical''), the ''cylindrical'', and the ''cubical''. {{...}} The possibilities for further variations on them are all but exhausted, there being little chance to express new and unusual ideas within the framework of such limited choices. As a result, much of twentieth-century metalsmithing has relied on surface enrichment rather than '''formal''' development for its originality.}}
# Relating to [[formation]].
#: {{ux|en|The '''formal''' stage is a critical part of any child's development.}}
# [[ceremonial|Ceremonial]] or [[traditional]].
#: {{ux|en|'''Formal''' wear ''must'' be worn at my wedding!}}
# [[proper|Proper]], according to strict [[etiquette]]; not [[casual]].
#: {{ux|en|He's always very '''formal''', and I wish he'd relax a bit.}}
# [[organized|Organized]]; [[well]]-[[structured]] and [[planned]].
#: {{ux|en|When they became a '''formal''' club the rowers built a small boathouse.}}
# {{lb|en|especially|sciences|mathematics|linguistics}} In accordance with a [[methodological]] framework with well-defined [[rule]]s or [[law]]s; [[rigorous]].
#: {{ux|en|A set of words can be '''formal''' cognates only if they can be derived from a common ancestor by regular sound laws.}}
#: {{ux|en|Only '''formal''' proofs, which derive theorems logically from their given axioms, are considered satisfactory in modern mathematics.}}
# {{lb|en|mathematics|philosophy}} Relating to mere manipulation and construction of strings of [[symbol]]s, without regard to their meaning.
#: {{ux|en|'''Formal''' series are defined without any reference to convergence.}}

=====Antonyms=====
* {{l|en|informal}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{der3|en|formal education|formal fallacy|formal heresy|formal logic|formal ontology|formal power series|formal science|formal semantics|essive-formal|formal validity|formal sum|formal wear
|formal cause|formal charge|formal equivalence|formal sociology
|formal grammar
|formalism
|formalist
|formality|non-formal learning
|formalize
|formal language
|formal linguistics
|formal mathematics
|formally
|formal series|formalese|formalesque|formalish|formalization|formalness|formalwear|hyperformal|microformal|nonformal|omniformal|overformal|postformal|pseudoformal|semiformal|superformal|ultraformal|unformal
|formal system
}}

=====Related terms=====
* {{l|en|form}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|being in accord with established forms}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|formeel}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|رَسْمِيّ}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|фарма́льны}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|формален|sc=Cyrl}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|formal}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|正式|tr=zhèngshì}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|formální}}
* Danish: {{t|da|formel}}
* Dhivehi: {{t+|dv|ރަސްމީ|sc=Thaa}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|formeel}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kaavamainen}}, {{t+|fi|formaali}}
* French: {{t+|fr|formel}}, {{t+|fr|soutenu}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|formal}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ფორმალური}}
* German: {{t+|de|formal}}, {{t+|de|formell}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|επίσημος}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|formlegur}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|正式|tr=せいしき, seishiki|sc=Jpan}}, {{t+|ja|公式|tr=こうしき, kōshiki|sc=Jpan}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|формален|m}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|formal}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|ōkawa}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|formell}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|صوری|tr=suri}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|formalny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|formal}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|formal|m|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|форма́льный}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+|sh|fòrmālan}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|formálny}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|formal}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|formell}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|maanyo}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|форма́льний}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|official}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|formeel}}, {{t+|af|amptelik}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|رَسْمِيّ}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|рәсми|sc=Cyrl}}
* Belarusian: {{t+|be|афіцы́йны}}, {{t|be|офіцыя́льны}}, {{t|be|фарма́льны}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|официален|sc=Cyrl}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|正式|tr=zhèngshì}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|formeel}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|virallinen}}, {{t+|fi|formaali}}
* French: {{t+|fr|officiel}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|oficial|m|f}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ოფიციალური}}, {{t|ka|ფორმალური}}
* German: {{t+|de|förmlich}}, {{t+|de|formell}}, {{t+|de|offiziell}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|επίσημος|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|hivatalos}}, {{t+|hu|formális}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|formlegur}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|официјален|m}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|formal}}, {{t|ms|rasmi}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|oficjalny}}, {{t+|pl|formalny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|formal}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|oficial|m|n}}, {{t+|ro|formal|m|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|официа́льный}}, {{t+|ru|форма́льный}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+|sh|fòrmālan}}, {{t+|sh|slȕžben}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|maanyo}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|formel}}, {{t+|tr|resmî}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|офіці́йний}}, {{t|uk|офіціа́льний}}, {{t+|uk|форма́льний}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|relating to the form or structure of something}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|formeel}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|формен|sc=Cyrl}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|formal}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|muodollinen}}, {{t+|fi|formaali}}
* French: {{t+|fr|formel}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|formal}}
* German: {{t|de|Form-}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|formai}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|formale}}
* Kurdish:
*: Central Kurdish: {{t|ckb|پەتی}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|формален|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|formal}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+|sh|fòrmālan}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|formal}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|biçimsel}}, {{t+|tr|formel}}, {{t+|tr|şeklî}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|ceremonial}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|церемониален|sc=Cyrl}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|solemne}}, {{t+|ca|convencional}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|juhlallinen}}, {{t+|fi|formaali}}
* German: {{t+|de|formell}}, {{t+|de|förmlich}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|τυπικός|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|正式|alt=正式の|tr=seishiki no}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|церемонијален|m}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|formal}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|høytidelig}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|formal}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+|sh|cȅremonijālan}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|protocolario}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|mathematics, logic: relating to mere manipulations of symbols}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|формален|sc=Cyrl}}
* Dhivehi: {{t+|dv|ރަސްމީ|sc=Thaa}}
* German: {{t+|de|formal}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|formális}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|formal}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Esperanto: {{t-check|eo|formala}}
* Ido: {{t+check|io|formala}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|clothing}} An evening [[gown]].
#* {{quote-song|en|year=1965|author=w:Shadow Morton|title=Sophisticated Boom Boom|artist=The Shangri-Las|passage=Well, I open up the door / And much to my surprise / The girls were wearin' '''formals''' / And the boys were wearin' ties}}
# An event with a formal [[dress code]].
#: {{ux|en|Jenny took Sam to her Year 12 '''formal'''.}}
# {{lb|en|programming}} A [[formal parameter]].
# {{lb|en|Oxbridge slang}} {{ellipsis of|en|formal hall}}.

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|formal swap}}

===Etymology 2===
See {{m|en|formo-}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|uncountable}} [[formalin|Formalin]].
# An [[acetal]] formed from [[formaldehyde]].

=====Related terms=====
* {{l|en|hemiformal}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-see|formalin}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aflmor|Folmar}}

{{cln|en|autological terms}}

==Catalan==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ca|la|fōrmālis}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA}}
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-formal.wav}}

===Adjective===
{{ca-adj}}

# {{l|en|formal}}
#: {{ant|ca|informal}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|ca|formalitzar}}
* {{l|ca|formalment}}
* {{l|ca|informal}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ca|forma}}
* {{l|ca|formalitat}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:GDLC}}
* {{R:ca:DNV}}
* {{R:ca:DCVB}}

==Crimean Tatar==

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|crh|la|formalis}}, from {{m|la|forma||form}}.

===Adjective===
{{head|crh|adjective}}

# {{l|en|formal}}

===References===
* {{R:Useinov-Mireev 2002}}

==Galician==

===Etymology 1===
Inherited from {{inh|gl|la|formalis}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|gl|/foɾˈmal/}}

====Noun====
{{gl-noun|m}}

# [[site]], [[plot]]
#* '''1290''', M. Lucas Álvarez P. Lucas Domínguez (eds.), ''El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos''. Sada / A Coruña: Edicións do Castro, page 415:
#*: {{quote|gl|''damos a uos que tenades de nos essa cassa en que uos ora morades en Eyres, con seu saydo et con todo o '''formal''' dessa casa, asi como esta çerrada de muro ao tenpo da era desta carta.''
|translation=we give you, for you to have, that house where you now dwell in Eires, with its garden and with the whole '''plot''' of that house, as it is enclosed with a wall at the time of this charter}}
#: {{syn|gl|sesego}}
# [[foundation]], [[ruin]]
# [[mould]] for the production of [[tiles]]

===Etymology 2===
{{lbor|gl|la|formalis}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|gl|/foɾˈmal/}}

====Adjective====
{{gl-adj}}

# {{l|en|formal}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|gl|formalmente}}

=====Related terms=====
* {{l|gl|forma}}
* {{l|gl|formalidade}}
* {{l|gl|informal}}

=====Further reading=====
* {{R:gl:DRAG}}

===References===
* {{R:gl:DDGM}}
* {{R:gl:CX}}
* {{R:gl:DDLG}}
* {{R:gl:TILG}}
* {{R:TLPGP}}

==German==

===Etymology===
{{suffix|de|Form|al}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|de|/fɔʁˈmaːl/}}
* {{rhymes|de|aːl|s=2}}
* {{audio|de|De-formal.ogg}}

===Adjective===
{{de-adj|comp}}

# [[#English|formal]] {{qualifier|being in accord with established forms}}

====Usage notes====
Not to be confused with {{m|de|formell}}.
The adjectives {{m|de|formell}} and {{m|de|informell}} express the presence or absence of ceremonies: ''ein informelles Treffen'' is a meeting in a near-private context.
The adjective ''formal'' stresses the outward appearance ([[pro forma]]) as opposed to the content or the spirit.

====Declension====
{{de-adecl|comp}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Duden}}
* {{R:DWDS}}

==Indonesian==

===Adjective===
{{id-noun}}

# [[formal]]

====Alternative forms====
* [[formil]]

==Malay==

===Etymology===
From {{bor|ms|en|formal}}, from {{der|ms|enm|formel}}, from {{der|ms|fro|formel}}, from {{der|ms|la|fōrmālis}}, from {{m|la|fōrma||[[form]]}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ms|[fɔ(r).məl]|[fo(r).mal]}}
* {{rhymes|ms|əl|al|s=2}}
* {{hyph|ms|for|mal}}

===Adjective===
{{ms-adj|j=فورمل}}

# {{l|en|formal|Formal}}:
#: {{ant|ms|informal}}
## Being in accord with established [[forms]].
## [[official|Official]].
##: {{syn|ms|rasmi}}
## [[ceremonial|Ceremonial]] or [[traditional]].
## [[proper|Proper]], according to strict [[etiquette]]; not [[casual]].
##: {{ant|ms|kasual}}

====Affixations====
{{der3|ms
| formalkan
| keformalan
| pemformalan
}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:PRPM}}

{{cln|ms|terms suffixed with -al}}

==Piedmontese==

===Etymology===
From {{der|pms|la|formalis}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|pms|/furˈmal/}}
* {{rhymes|pms|al|s=2}}

===Adjective===
{{head|pms|adjective}}

# {{l|en|formal}}

==Portuguese==

===Etymology===
{{lbor|pt|la|fōrmālis}}. {{surf|pt|forma|-al}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|pt|al|q1=Portugal|aw|q2=Brazil|s=2}}
* {{hyph|pt|for|mal}}

===Adjective===
{{pt-adj}}

# {{l|en|formal}} {{gloss|being in accord with established forms}}
# {{l|en|formal}} {{gloss|official}}
# {{l|en|formal}} {{gloss|relating to the form or structure of something}}
# {{l|en|formal}} {{gloss|ceremonial}}
# {{lb|pt|logic}} {{l|en|formal}} {{gloss|involving mere manipulations of symbols}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|pt|formalmente}}

====Further reading====
* {{R:pt:DAN}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ro|fr|formel}}, {{bor|ro|la|formalis}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ro|/forˈmal/}}

===Adjective===
{{ro-adj}}

# {{l|en|formal}}

====Declension====
{{ro-decl-adj}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ro|formalitate}}

==Spanish==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|es|la|formālis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr}}

===Adjective===
{{es-adj}}

# {{l|en|formal}}
# [[reliable]], [[dependable]]

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|es
|falacia formal
|feo, fuerte, y formal
|formalidad
|formalismo
|formalista
|formalización
|formalizar
|formalmente
}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|es|forma}}
* {{l|es|informal}}
** {{l|es|informalidad}}
** {{l|es|informalmente}}

====Further reading====
* {{R:es:DRAE}}