View source for jo

{{also|Appendix:Variations of "jo"}}
{{minitoc}}
==English==
{{wikipedia}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/d͡ʒoː/|a=Scotland}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-jo.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{rhymes|en|oː|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{der|en|sco|jo||joy}}, from {{der|en|enm|joye}}, from {{der|en|fro|joie}}, from {{der|en|LL.|gaudia}}, neuter plural (mistaken as feminine singular) of {{der|en|la|gaudium||joy}}, from {{m|la|gaudēre||to be glad, rejoice}}. {{doublet|en|joy|gaudy|t2=Oxford college reunion}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|Scotland}} [[darling|Darling]], [[sweetheart]].
#* '''1711''', traditional, published by James Watson, [http://digital.nls.uk/broadsides/broadside.cfm/id/14548 ''Old Long Syne'']:
#*: On Old long syne my '''Jo''',<br/>on Old long syne,<br/>That thou canst never once reflect,<br/>on Old long syne.
#* ''My Jo Janet'' (traditional Scottish song)
#*: Keek into the draw-well, Janet, Janet;<br>There ye'll see your bonnie sel',<br>My '''jo''', Janet.

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{alter|en|joe}}

===Etymology 2===
{{bor+|en|ja|杖}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|jo}}

# The [[staff]] used in the [[Japanese]] [[martial art]] of [[jodo]] or [[jojutsu]].

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=jo|OJ}}

{{cln|en|two-letter words}}

==Albanian==

===Etymology===
Likely a [[babble word]], compare {{cog|tr|yok|t=no}}, and its derivates in other Balkanic languages such as {{cog|ro|ioc}}, {{cog|mk|јок}}. Comparison with {{cog|de|ja|t=yes}}<ref>{{R:sq:Orel|jo|159}}</ref> is semantically hard to explain.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|sq|/jɔ/}}
* {{audio|sq|Sq-jo.oga}}

===Determiner===
{{head|sq|determiner}}

# {{n-g|negates non-verbal phrases}}: [[no]], [[not]]

====Synonyms====
* {{l|sq|nauk}} (Tetova)
* {{l|sq|nouk}} (Gostivar)

====See also====
* {{l|sq|mos}}
* {{l|sq|nuk}}
* {{l|sq|s'}}

===References===
<references/>

==Basque==

===Etymology===
{{unk|eu}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|eu|LL-Q8752 (eus)-Aioramu-jo.wav}}
{{eu-pr}}

===Verb===
{{eu-verb|du}}

# to [[hit]], [[strike]], [[punch]]
# {{lb|eu|music}} to [[play]]
#: {{uxi|eu|Gitarra '''jo''' nahi dut.|I want to play the guitar.}}
# to [[knock]], [[rap]]
#: {{uxi|eu|Gizon itsusi batek etxeko atea '''jo''' du.|An ugly man knocked on the door.}}
# to [[crash]]
# to [[head]], [[go]]
# to [[blow]] {{gloss|the wind}}
#: {{syn|eu|ibili}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:EH}}
* {{R:OEH}}

==Bavarian==

===Etymology===
Cognate with {{cog|is|jú}}, {{cog|sv|jo}}. Equivalent to standard High German {{m|de|doch}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|bar|/joː/}}

===Particle===
{{head|bar|particle}}

# [[yes]] (in response to a negative question).
#: {{ux|bar|Woids es ned na fuat heid? '''Jo''', owa's wedda is a weng schlecht.|Wolltet ihr nicht noch heute furt? '''Doch''', aber das Wetter is etwas schlecht.}}

==Catalan==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|ca|roa-oca|jo}}~{{m|roa-oca|io}}~{{m|roa-oca|yo}}, from {{inh|ca|VL.|eō|id=I}} (attested from the sixth century), from {{inh|ca|la|ego}}, from {{inh|ca|itc-pro|*egō}}, from {{inh|ca|ine-pro|*éǵh₂}}; akin to {{cog|el|εγώ}}, {{cog|sa|अहम्}}, all from {{inh|ca|ine-pro|*éǵh₂}}. Compare {{cog|oc|jo}}, {{cog|es|yo}}, {{cog|fr|je}}, {{cog|it|io}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ca|/ˈʒɔ/|/ˈjɔ/|a=Central Catalan}}
* {{IPA|ca|/ˈjo/|/ˈjɔ/|a=Valencian}}
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-jo.wav}}
* {{rhymes|ca|o|ɔ|s=1}}

===Pronoun===
{{ca-ppron|type=strong}}

# [[I]]
# {{lb|ca|after certain prepositions}} [[me]]

====Declension====
{{ca-decl-ppron}}

====Synonyms====
* {{l|ca|mi}} (''after most prepositions'')

===Noun===
{{ca-noun|m|-}}

# [[ego]] {{gloss|the self}}
#: {{syn|ca|ego}}

===References===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:GDLC}}
* {{R:ca:DNV}}
* {{R:ca:DCVB}}

==Czech==

===Etymology===
Compare {{cog|pl|jo}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{cs-IPA}}
* {{audio|cs|Cs-jo.ogg}}

===Particle===
{{head|cs|particle}}

# {{lb|cs|colloquial}} [[yeah]], [[yep]]
#: {{syn|cs|ano}}
#: {{ant|cs|ne}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:cs:PSJC}}
* {{R:cs:SSJC}}

==Dalmatian==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|dlm|io}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|dlm|la|ubi}}. Compare {{cog|ro|iuo}}, {{cog|it|ove}}, {{cog|fr|où}}, {{cog|osp|o}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|dlm|/jo/}}

===Adverb===
{{head|dlm|adverb}}

# [[where]]

==Danish==

===Etymology 1===
Borrowed from {{bor|da|gml|jo}}. Used like {{cog|sv|ju}}, {{cog|de|ja}} (adverb) / {{l|de|je}} (conjunction).

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|da|[jo]}} (unstressed in context)

====Adverb====
{{da-adv}}

# as you know or should know; sometimes vaguely translatable as [[after all]] or [[obviously]]
#* {{quote-book|da|year=2015|author=Henriette E. Møller|title=Jelne|publisher=Gyldendal A/S|isbn=9788702102864
|passage=Jeg ved ikke, hvad de talte om, hendes sind blev så mørkt, jeg kunne '''jo''' ikke rigtigt snakke med hende.
|t=I do not know of what they spoke, her mind became so dark, I could not really talk with her, '''as you should be able to see'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|da|year=2009|author=Sven Arvid Birkeland|title=I krigens kølvand: danske skæbner efter 2. verdenskrig|publisher=Gyldendal A/S|isbn=9788702078770|page=479
|passage=Han gik '''jo''' ikke i krig i håb om, at det skulle blive den store sejr
|t='''After all''', he did not go to war in the hopes of achieving great victory.}}
#* {{quote-book|da|year=2016|author=Anita Krumbach; Dorte Lilmose; Hanne Kvist; Helle Perrier; Iben Mondrup; Louis Jensen; Ronnie Andersen; Sissel Bergfjord; Svend Åge Madsen; Tomas Lagermand Lundme|title=Det du ikke ved: Noveller for unge|publisher=Gyldendal A/S|isbn=9788702173956
|passage=Jeg mener, at selv ens eget navn eller alder KAN man '''jo''' ikke være 100 procent sikker på er Dennis/17, vel?
|t=I mean, one '''obviously''' cannot even be 100% sure that one's own name or age are Dennis and 17, can one?}}

====Conjunction====
{{head|da|conjunction}}

# [[the]]
#: '''Jo''' mere jeg løber, desto trættere bliver jeg.
#:: '''The''' more I run, the more tired I become.

=====Usage notes=====
''jo ... desto ...'', ''jo ... des ...'' are common constructions.

===Etymology 2===
From {{der|da|non|jaur}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|da|[ˈjɔʊ̯ˀ]}}

====Interjection====
{{da-adv}}

# [[yes]] {{qualifier|used to contradict a negative statement or negatively phrased question}} (''often followed by'' '''I do''', '''he is''', ''etc. in English to indicate contradiction rather than affirmation''); identical in usage to the French ''[[wikt:si#Etymology_2_5|si]]''. Contrasts with {{m|da|ja}} which confirms positive statements or positively phrased questions.
#: {{ux|da|Du elsker mig ikke, gør du vel? — '''Jo'''!|t=You don't love me, do you? — '''Yes, I do'''!}}
#: {{ux|da|Jeg har ikke gjort noget! — '''Jo'''!|t=I didn't do anything! — '''Yes, you did'''!}}

=====Usage notes=====
Negatively phrased questions like ''Kommer du ikke?'', ''Du kommer ikke, vel?'', ''Du kommer ikke?'' ("Are you not coming?", "You are not coming, are you?", "You are not coming?") must be answered with ''jo'' to indicate that the speaker is, in fact, coming; they cannot be answered with ''ja'' ("yes").

===References===
* {{R:DDO}}

==Dutch==

===Etymology===
From {{der|nl|en|yo}}.

===Interjection===
{{head|nl|interjection}}

# [[hi]]
#: ''Ey! - Jo!'' - Hey! - Hi!
# [[bye]]
#: ''Later! - Jo!'' - Later! - Bye!
# [[you]] [[too]]
#: ''Fijn weekend! - Jo!'' - Have a nice weekend! - You too!

{{cln|nl|greetings|farewells}}

==Esperanto==

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|eo|LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-jo.wav}}
{{eo-IPA}}

===Noun===
{{eo-head}}

# {{Latn-def|eo|name|J|j}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letter names/eo}}

==Finnish==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|fi|urj-fin-pro|*jo}}, borrowed from {{der|fi|gem-pro|*ju}}, compare {{cog|got|𐌾𐌿||already}}, {{cog|goh|ju||already}}. Cognates include {{cog|et|ju}}, {{cog|vot|jo}}, {{cog|vep|jo}}, {{cog|izh|jo}}, {{cog|krl|jo}}. ({{R:et:EES|ju|sl=1}}).

===Pronunciation===
{{fi-pronunciation}}

===Adverb===
{{fi-adv}}

# [[already]] {{gloss|prior to some time; so soon}}
#: {{ux|fi|Luin kirjan '''jo''' loppuun.|I '''already''' finished the book.}}
# [[now]], [[already]] {{gloss|emphasizing word}}
#: {{ux|fi|Tule '''jo'''!|q=impatiently|Come '''now'''!}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|fi|jopa}}
* {{l|fi|joko}}
* {{l|fi|johan}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:KTSK|accessdate=2023-07-02}}

{{cln|fi|two-letter words}}

==Friulian==

===Etymology===
{{dercat|fur|itc-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}
{{inh+|fur|LL.|eo|id=I}}, from {{inh|fur|CL.|egō̆}}.

===Pronoun===
{{head|fur|pronoun}}

# [[I]]

====See also====
{{fur-personal pronouns}}

==German==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|de|joa|jö}}

===Etymology 1===
Alteration of {{m|de|ja||yes}} or the respective dialectal [[cognate]]s. Compare {{cog|en|yo}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|de|/jɔː/}}

====Interjection====
{{head|de|interjection}}

# {{lb|de|colloquial|dialectal}} [[yes]], [[yeah]], [[well]]; expresses agreement in a hesitant or ponderous manner.

===Etymology 2===
From the respective dialectal words for [[yes]] in about half of Northern and Central Germany and all of Western Germany (compare {{cog|nds|[[ja]], [[jo]]}}). Possibly from {{inh|de|gem-pro|*ja||yes, thus, so}}, possibly from an unrecorded root. The form with /oː/ must have existed in the [[Middle Ages]] already, since the word often partakes in the same sound shifts as words with /oː/ from other sources, cf. {{cog|sv|jo}}, {{cog|enm|yo}} (> {{cog|en|yo}}).

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|de|/joː/}}

====Interjection====
{{head|de|interjection}}

# {{lb|de|colloquial}} [[yes]]; expresses firm agreement.

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|de|johlen}}

==Ingrian==

===Etymology===
{{dercat|izh|gem-pro}}
From {{inh|izh|urj-fin-pro|*jo}}. Cognates include {{cog|fi|jo}} and {{cog|et|ju}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{izh-p}}

===Adverb===
{{head|izh|adverb}}

# [[already]]
#* {{RQ:izh:Bukvari:1936|Kiko ja Miko '''jo''' uijuut.|Kiko and Miko are '''already''' swimming.|page=25}}
# {{n-g|Emphasises the sentence.}}
#* {{RQ:izh:Bukvari:1936|'''Jo''' nyt mahan lukkia.|Now I can read.|page=64}}

===References===
* {{R:izh:Nirvi:1971|page=105}}

==Italian==

===Pronoun===
{{head|it|pronoun}}

# {{tlb|it|obsolete}} {{alt form|it|io}}

==Japanese==

===Romanization===
{{ja-romaji}}

# {{Latn-def|ja|syllable|じょ|ジョ|jo}}
# {{Latn-def|ja|syllable|ぢょ|ヂョ|jo}}

==Karelian==
{{krl-regional|jo|jo}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|krl|urj-fin-pro|*jo}}. Cognates include {{cog|fi|jo}} and {{cog|vep|jo}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|krl|/ˈjo/}}
* {{hyph|krl|jo}}

===Adverb===
{{head|krl|adverb}}

# [[already]]

===Interjection===
{{head|krl|interjection}}

# {{lb|krl|North Karelian}} [[yes]]

====Synonyms====
* {{sense|yes}} {{q|North Karelian}} {{l|krl|kyllä}}, {{q|South Karelian}} {{l|krl|da}}

===References===
* {{R:krl:Punzhina:1994|+}}
* {{R:krl:KKS|jo}}
* {{R:krl:Zaykov:2015}}

==Kashubian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|csb|de|jo}}. Compare {{cog|zlw-slv|jo|t=yes}}, {{cog|szl|ja|t=yes}}, regional {{cog|pl|ja|t=yes}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{csb-pr}}

===Particle===
{{head|csb|particle}}

# [[yes]]
#: {{syn|csb|tak}}
#: {{uxi|csb|'''Jo''', mògã to zrobic.|Yes, I can do it.}}
#: {{uxi|csb|'''Jo''', jô jem tam béł.|Yes, I have been there.}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:csb:ISKJ|jo|544}}
* {{R:csb:SPK|tak}}

==Konabéré==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|bbo|/ɟō/|a=Kouka}}
* {{IPA|bbo|/ɟû/|a=Tansilla Toma}}

===Noun===
{{head|bbo|noun}}

# [[water]]

====Alternative forms====
* [[zo]]

===Further reading===
* Beatrice Tiendrébéogo, ''[http://www.sil.org/silesr/2007/silesr2007-005.pdf Rapport Sociolinguistique sur la Langue Bobo Madaré]'' (SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2007-005: 55), page 44
* Chiara Alfieri, Bernard Taverne, ''Ethnophysiologie, règles et précautions chez les Bobo Madare et les Mossi''

==Lashi==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|lsi|/d͡ʑo/|/d͡ʑɔ/}}

===Verb===
{{head|lsi|verb}}

# to [[be]]
# to [[exist]]

====References====
* {{R:lsi:Luk:2017}}

==Latvian==

===Pronunciation===
{{rfap|lv}}

===Conjunction===
{{head|lv|conjunction}}

# [[because]]
# [[for]]

===Particle===
{{head|lv|particle}}

# [[the]]... [[the]]...
#: {{ux|lv|'''jo''' vairāk naudas, '''jo''' labāk|t='''the''' more money '''the''' better|inline=1}}

==Lithuanian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|lt|[jo]}}

===Etymology 1===

====Determiner====
{{head|lt|determiner|cat2=possessive determiners}}

# [[his]] {{gloss|3rd person singular masculine possessive}}

====Pronoun====
{{head|lt|pronoun form|g=m}}

# {{infl of|lt|jis||3s|gen}}
# {{alternative form of|lt|juo}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{der|lt|gmh|ja}}, possibly via {{bor|lt|yi|יאָ}}. Compare {{cog|lv|jā}}.

====Particle====
{{head|lt|particle}}

# {{lb|lt|colloquial}} [[yeah]]
#: {{syn|lt|taip|q1=standard term}}

=====Usage notes=====
* Formerly considered obsolete, but seems to have been revived, possibly by influence of {{cog|en|yeah}}.
* Usage discouraged by the {{w|VLKK|VLKK}}.

===References===
* {{R:LKZ}}

==Livonian==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|liv|juo}}

===Etymology 1===
Perhaps borrowed from {{bor|liv|lv|jo|t=because, yet (more)}}, {{IPAchar|/juo/}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{liv-IPA|jo}}

====Preposition====
{{head|liv|preposition}}

# [[more]]; {{non-gloss|used with adjectives to form [[Appendix:Glossary#comparative|comparatives]]}}
#* {{R:liv:LEL}}
#*: pitkā, '''jo''' pitkā
#*:: long, long'''er'''

===Etymology 2===
Perhaps borrowed from {{bor|liv|lv|jau|t=yet, already, after all}}. However, compare also {{cog|fi|jo||already}}, thus ultimately a common Finnic borrowing from {{der|liv|gem-pro|*ju}} that has likely been [[Appendix:Glossary#contamination|contaminated]] by the more figurative senses of Latvian {{m|lv|jau}}, with the latter ultimately a distant cognate of the initial Germanic borrowing.

====Pronunciation====
* {{liv-IPA|jo}}

====Preposition====
{{head|liv|preposition}}

# [[yet]], [[already]], [[after all]]
#* {{R:liv:LEL}}
#*: mōnigļikizt, ne '''jo''' lǟbõd mōzõ
#*:: bumblebees, they are '''already''' migrating to their burrows (lit. "going inside of earth")
#*: amād '''jo''' ītist äb peļļõt
#*:: not everyone makes the same [amount of money] (lit. "everyone '''after all''' doesn't earn the same")

===Usage notes===
* {{R:liv:LEL|sl=1}} only lists ''jo'' without listing any instances of {{m|liv|juo}}. [http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/handle/10062/17266 Livonian-Latvian-Livonian] dictionary, in turn, only lists ''juo'' for the comparative forming preposition sense.
* LĒL doesn't explicitly list the second sense that seems to exactly mirror Latvian ''jau'' (including the more figurative applications.) Such a function, however, is inferred from the many usage examples available in the dictionary. As a translation of Latvian ''jau'' (strictly in its temporal sense) LĒL lists {{m|liv|jõbā||already}}, [[cf.]] Estonian {{m|et|juba}}.

==Lower Sorbian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|dsb|[jɔ]}}

===Particle===
{{head|dsb|particle}}

# [[yes]] {{gloss|word used to show agreement or acceptance}}

===Verb===
{{head|dsb|verb form}}

# {{inflection of|dsb|byś||3|s|pres}}

===Pronoun===
{{head|dsb|pronoun form}}

# {{inflection of|dsb|wóno||acc}}

====Alternative forms====
* {{l|dsb|njo}} {{qualifier|after preposition}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:dsb:Muka}}
* {{R:dsb:Starosta}}

==Luxembourgish==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|lb|/jo/|[joː]}}
* {{rhymes|lb|oː|s=1}}
* {{homophones|lb|Jo}}
* {{audio|lb|Lb-jo.ogg}}

===Adverb===
{{head|lb|adverb}}

# [[yes]]

====See also====
* {{l|lb|dach}}

===Verb===
{{head|lb|verb form}}

# {{inflection of|lb|joen||2|s|imp}}

==Murui Huitoto==

===Etymology===
Cognates include {{cog|hto|jo}} and {{cog|hux|jo}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{huu-IPA}}
* {{hyph|huu|jo}}

===Root===
{{head|huu|root}}

# [[house]]

====Derived terms====
{{col4|huu
|jofo}}

===References===
* {{R:huu:Wojtylak:2017|page=127}}

==North Frisian==

===Etymology===
Compare {{cog|fy|hja}}.

===Pronoun===
{{head|frr|pronoun}} {{lb|frr|Föhr-Amrum}} 

# {{ng|third-person plural personal pronoun}}
## {{l|en|they}} {{q|subject case}}
## {{l|en|them}}, {{l|en|themselves}} {{q|object case}}

====Alternative forms====
* {{alt|frr|'s||reduced form}}
* {{alt|frr|ja|jam||Mooring|Sylt}}
* {{alt|frr|djo||Heligoland}}, {{alt|frr|jä||Halligen|Wiedingharde|Hoorning}}

===See also===
{{frr-Foehr-personal-pronouns}}

==Northern Sami==

===Etymology===
{{rfe|se}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{se-IPA}}

===Adverb===
{{se-adv}}

# [[already]]
# [[now]]

====Further reading====
* {{R:Álgu|}}

==Norwegian Bokmål==

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|nb|No-jo.ogg}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{der|nb|non|jaur}}.

====Adverb====
{{head|nb|adverb}}

# [[yes]]; in disagreement with the last speaker's negative statement.
#: {{ux|nb|Du har ikke pusset tennene vel? - '''Jo''', det har jeg.|You haven't brushed your teeth, have you? - '''Yes''', I have.}}
# yes or no; expressing doubt. (colloquial)
#: {{ux|nb|Vil du være med? - '''Jo'''...|Do you want to join? - '''I'm not sure'''...}}

=====Usage notes=====
{{m|no|ja|Ja}} can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to. {{m|no||Jo}} is used instead of {{m|no||ja}} if this agreement could cause ambiguity. In example 1, agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually did brush the teeth. As such {{m|no||ja}} would be ambiguous. The answer {{m|no||jo}} removes the possibility of agreement with the speaker.

=====Related terms=====
* {{l|nb|jojo}}
* {{l|no|joda}}

===Etymology 2===
{{wp|lang=no|joer}}
From {{der|nb|non|gjóðr}}.

====Noun====
{{nb-noun-m1}}

# a [[skua]], seabird of family {{taxfmt|Stercorariidae|family}}. {{C|nb|Birds}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|nb|storjo}}

===References===
* {{R:Dokpro|lang=nb}}
* {{R:NAOB|jo_1}}
* {{R:NAOB|jo_2}}

==Norwegian Nynorsk==

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|nn|non|jór}}, from {{inh|nn|gem-pro|*ehwaz}}.

====Noun====
{{nn-noun-m1}}

# a [[horse]] {{q|only used in given names}}

=====Related terms=====
Male given names:
{{der3|nn
|{{l|nn|Jo}}
|{{l|nn|Joalv}}
|{{l|nn|Joar}}
|{{l|nn|Jobjørn}}
|{{l|nn|Jofast}}
|{{l|nn|Jofrød}}
|{{l|nn|Jofrøy}}
|{{l|nn|Jogeir}}
|{{l|nn|Jogrim}}
|{{l|nn|Johamar}}
|{{l|nn|Jokjell}}
|{{l|nn|Jole}}
|{{l|nn|Jolv}}, {{l|nn|Julv}}
|{{l|nn|Jomar}}
|{{l|nn|Jorek}}
|{{l|nn|Jostein}}
}}
Female given names:
{{der3|nn
|{{l|nn|Jodis}}
|{{l|nn|Jofrid}}, {{l|nn|Jorid}}
|{{l|nn|Jogjerd}}
|{{l|nn|Joreid}}
|{{l|nn|Jo}}
}}

===Etymology 2===
{{wp|lang=nn|jofamilien}}
From {{inh|nn|non|gjóðr}}.

====Alternative forms====
* {{alt|nn|gjod||alternative spelling}}

====Noun====
{{nn-noun-m1}}

# a [[skua]], seabird of family {{taxfmt|Stercorariidae|family}}. {{C|nn|Birds}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|nn|storjo}}

===Etymology 3===
From {{bor|nn|nb|jo}}, from {{der|nn|da|jo}}.

====Adverb====
{{head|nn|adverb}}

# {{alt form|nn|jau}}

===Etymology 4===
Compare {{cog|sv|ju}}.

====Adverb====
{{head|nn|adverb}}

# {{n-g|Used to indicate an expectation of common understanding, or that what is said is an obvious fact – “as you well know,” “of course.”}}
#: {{syn|nn|no}}
#: {{ux|nn|Han kom '''jo''' aldri|'''But''' he never came '''though'''}}
#: {{ux|nn|Ikkje rart at du fekk ølskummet over heile golvet. Ein skal '''jo''' ikkje slå på ølboksen fyri ein opnar den!|It’s not weird that you’ve got the beer foam all-over the floor. You shouldn’t punch the beer can before you open it, '''y’know'''!}}

===References===
* {{R:Dokpro|lang=nn}}

==Occitan==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|oc|/ʒu/|/ju/}}

===Etymology 1===
{{inh+|oc|LL.|eo|id=I}}, from {{inh|oc|CL.|egō̆}}.

====Pronoun====
{{head|oc|pronoun}} {{tlb|oc|Gascony}}

# [[I]]

===Etymology 2===
{{inh+|oc|la|iugum}}.

====Noun====
{{head|oc|noun|g=m}}

# [[yoke]]

==Old French==

===Pronoun===
{{head|fro|pronoun|cat2=subject pronouns}}

# {{lb|fro|Old Northern French}} {{alternative form of|fro|je}}
#* {{quote-book|fro|year=c. 1170|title=[https://books.google.fr/books?id=yjcTAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA147&dq=Le+Roman+de+Rou+et+des+ducs+de+Normandie,+Volume+2&hl=fr&ei=hd3STa3kNNKGhQe5kZnyCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=3&ved=0CDoQuwUwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false Le Roman de Rou]|author=w:Wace|passage= '''''Jo''' di e dirai ke '''jo''' sui''|translation=I say and will say that I am}}

{{cln|fro|personal pronouns}}
{{cln|es|minced oaths}}

==Old Frisian==

===Pronoun===
{{head|ofs|pronoun|head=jō}}

# {{alternative form of|ofs|jū|nodot=1}}, {{noun form of|ofs|jī||acc//dat}}

====Inflection====
{{ofs-decl-ppron}}

==Plautdietsch==

===Adverb===
{{head|pdt|adverb}}

# [[yes]]

==Polabian==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|pox|joz}}

===Etymology===
{{inh+|pox|sla-pro|*(j)azъ}}.

===Pronoun===
{{head|pox|pronoun}}

# {{ng|first-person pronoun}}; [[I]]

===References===
* {{R:pox:SejDp|jo|225|2}}
* {{R:pox:Polanski:1967|jo|page=75}}
* {{R:pox:Olesch1983|Je|374|1}}

==Polish==

===Pronunciation===
{{pl-pr|CD=#}}

===Etymology 1===
{{dercat|pl|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}
{{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*(j)azъ}}.

====Pronoun====
{{head|pl|pronoun}}

# {{lb|pl|dialectal}} {{alt form|pl|ja|t=I}}

===Etymology 2===
{{bor+|pl|de|jo}}.

====Particle====
{{head|pl|particle}}

# {{lb|pl|colloquial|or|dialectal|Chełmno-Dobrzyń}} [[yeah]], [[yep]]
#: {{syn|pl|tak|ano|no|hej}}
#: {{ant|pl|nie}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:pl:PWN}}
* {{R:pl:Krasnowolski:1879||303}}

==Saterland Frisian==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|stq|ofs|hiā}}. Cognates include {{cog|fy|hja}} and {{cog|frr|jo}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|stq|/joː/}}
* {{hyph|stq|jo}}
* {{rhymes|stq|oː|s=1}}

===Pronoun===
{{head|stq|pronoun|cat2=personal pronouns|oblique|hier}}

# [[they]]

====See also====
{{stq-personal pronouns}}

===References===
* {{R:stq:SW}}

==Slovincian==

===Pronunciation===
{{zlw-slv-pr}}

===Etymology 1===
{{etymid|zlw-slv|pronoun}}{{dercat|zlw-slv|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}
{{inh+|zlw-slv|sla-pro|*(j)azъ}}.

====Pronoun====
{{head|zlw-slv|pronoun}}

# [[I]] {{gl|first-person pronoun}}

===Etymology 2===
{{etymid|zlw-slv|interjection}}{{dercat|zlw-slv|gmh|goh|gem-pro|ine-pro}}
{{bor+|zlw-slv|de|ja|t=[[yes]]; [[yes]]!}}. Compare {{cog|csb|jo|t=yes}}, {{cog|szl|ja|t=yes}}, regional {{cog|pl|ja|t=yes}}.

====Particle====
{{head|zlw-slv|particle}}

# [[yes]]

===References===
* {{R:zlw-slv:SW|jǻu̯|389}}
* {{R:zlw-slv:SW|jǻu̯!|389}}

==Spanish==

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr}}

===Etymology 1===

====Interjection====
{{head|es|interjection|head=¡jo!}}

# [[stop]], [[whoa]] (''especially when [[command]]ing a [[horse]] or imitative thereof'')

=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|es|jo, jo, jo}}

===Etymology 2===
Euphemistic {{clipping|es|joder||fuck|nocap=1}}.

====Interjection====
{{head|es|interjection|head=¡jo!}}

# {{lb|es|euphemism}} Used to express [[surprise]], [[amazement]], or [[confusion]]
#: {{uxi|es|¡'''Jo'''!|I never heard anything like that before. / Are you serious? / Boy!}}

====Further reading====
* {{R:es:DRAE}}

==Swahili==

===Etymology===
Possibly from {{der|sw|en|yo}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|sw|Sw-ke-jo.flac|a=Kenya}}

===Interjection===
{{head|sw|interjection}}

# {{lb|sw|Sheng}} {{n-g|added for [[emphasis]] to the end of a sentence}}
#: {{uxi|sw|Manze jo!|Oh man!}}

==Swedish==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|sv|gmq-osw|iū}}, from {{der|sv|non|jaur}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|sv|/juː/}}

===Interjection===
{{head|sv|intj}}

# [[yes]]; used as a disagreement to a negative statement or a negatively phrased question.
#: {{ux|sv|Du har inte borstat tänderna, eller hur? - '''Jo''', det har jag.|You haven't brushed your teeth, have you? - '''Yes''', I have.}}
# [[yes]] (more generally, in a similar vein to {{m|sv|jodå}} – see its usage notes)
#: {{ux|sv|– Är det du som är han? – '''Jo''', det är jag.|– Are you that guy? – '''Yep''', that's me.}}
## [[yeah]]
##: {{ux|sv|Ah, '''jo''', det stämmer nog när jag tänker efter|Ah, '''yeah''', that's probably correct when I think about it}}
# {{lb|sv|with an excited, rising tone}} {{ng|Expresses having an insight; [[oh]]}}
#: {{ux|sv|'''Jo(ooo)'''! Nu kom jag på hur man löser pusslet.|'''O(ooo)h'''! I figured out how to solve the puzzle now.}}
# {{ng|A filler, at the start of an utterance (to get someone's attention); [[listen]], [[so]], [[hey]], etc. (compare "yeah")}}
#: {{ux|sv|'''Jo''', det är så att det är en grej som jag måste berätta för er|'''So''', there is something that I have to tell you ("So, it is such that there is a thing that I have to tell you," with some common stalling wording)}}

====Usage notes====
{{m|sv|ja|Ja|yes}} can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to. {{m-self|sv|jo|Jo}} is used instead of {{m|sv||ja}} if this agreement could cause ambiguity. In the example above agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually did brush the teeth. As such {{m|sv||ja}} would be ambiguous. The answer {{m-self|sv|jo}} removes the possibility of agreement with the speaker. In Swedish dialects spoken in northern Sweden and Finland, it is however not uncommon for the word {{m-self|sv|jo}} to be used in place of {{m|sv||ja}} in all cases, at least in spoken language.

====Related terms====
* {{l|sv|inandnings-jo}}
* {{l|sv|jodå}}
* {{l|sv|jojo}}
* {{l|sv|jovars}}

===References===
* {{R:svenska.se|so}}
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* {{R:svenska.se|saob}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=jo|oj}}

==Veps==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|vep|urj-fin-pro|*jo}}.

===Adverb===
{{head|vep|adverb}}

# [[already]]

===References===
* {{R:vep:UVVV|уж|уже}}

==Votic==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|vot|urj-fin-pro|*jo}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{vot-p}}

===Adverb===
{{head|vot|adverb}}

# [[already]]
# {{lb|vot|with negative}} [[any more]]

===Particle===
{{head|vot|particle}}

# {{n-g|An emphatic intensifying particle.}}

===References===
* {{R:vot:VKS|jo}}

==West Frisian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|fy|/joː/}}
* {{IPA|fy|/jə/|a=unstressed}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|fy|ofs|jū}}, from {{inh|fy|gmw-pro|*iwwiz}}, from {{inh|fy|gem-pro|*izwiz}}, dative/accusative of {{m|gem-pro|*jūz}}, from {{der|fy|ine-pro|*yū́}}.

====Pronoun====
{{head|fy|pronoun|cat2=personal pronouns}}

# [[you]] {{gloss|second person singular nominative formal pronoun}}

=====Usage notes=====
Though it is a singular pronoun, {{m|fy||jo}} takes the plural conjugation of verbs.

=====Inflection=====
{{West Frisian personal pronouns}}

====Further reading====
* {{R:WFT|46089}}

===Etymology 2===
{{rfe|fy}}

====Determiner====
{{head|fy|determiner|cat2=possessive determiners}}

# [[your]] {{gloss|second-person singular formal possessive determiner}}

=====Further reading=====
* {{R:WFT|46089}}

==Ye'kwana==

===Pronunciation===
* {{mch-IPA}}

===Postposition===
{{head|mch|postposition}}

# {{lb|mch|with following directional suffix {{m|mch|-nno}}}} {{ng|indicates a point of origin}}

====Usage notes====
This postposition also infrequently occurs without {{m|mch|-nno}}, in which case it is not clear whether it inflects at all and its meaning is difficult to determine.

===References===
* {{R:mch:Cáceres|277–278}}

==Yoruba==

===Etymology 1===
Proposed to be derived from {{inh|yo|alv-yrd-pro|*jó}}, compare with {{cog|igl|jó}}

====Pronunciation====
* {{yo-IPA|jó}}

====Verb====
{{yo-verb|jó}}

# {{lb|yo|intransitive}} to [[dance]]

=====Derived terms=====
{{der2|yo|
|{{l|yo|ijó|t=dance}}
|{{l|yo|jójó|t=to dance [a dance]}}
|{{l|yo|àlùjó}}
}}

===Etymology 2===
Possibly from {{inh|yo|alv-yrd-pro|*jó}}, cognate with {{cog|igl|jó}}

====Pronunciation====
* {{yo-IPA|jó}}

====Verb====
{{yo-verb|jó}}

# {{lb|yo|ergative}} to [[burn]]
# {{lb|yo|transitive}} to [[sting]]; to [[irritate]]

===Etymology 3===

====Pronunciation====
* {{yo-IPA|jò}}

====Verb====
{{yo-verb|jò}}

# to [[drip]]

=====Derived terms=====
{{der2|yo
|{{l|yo|òjò|t=rain}}
|{{l|yo|jíjò|t=leaking}}
|{{l|yo|ìjòdànù|t=leakage}}
}}