View source for noun

{{also|Noun}}
==English==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|en|enm|noun}}, from {{der|en|xno|nom|noun, non, nom}}, from {{der|en|la|nōmen||name; noun}}. The grammatical sense in Latin was a semantic loan from {{noncog|grc-koi|ὄνομα}}. {{doublet|en|name|nomen}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/naʊn/|a=UK,US}}
* {{IPA|en|/næːn/|a=MLE}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-inlandnorth-noun.ogg|a=US,Inland North}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-noun.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{rhymes|en|aʊn|s=1}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|grammar|narrowly}} A word that functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as [[person]], [[animal]], [[place]], [[word]], [[thing]], [[phenomenon]], [[substance]], [[quality]], or [[idea]]: one of the basic parts of [[speech]] in many languages, including [[English]].
# {{lb|en|grammar|now|rare|loosely}} Either a [[word]] that can be used to refer to a [[person]], [[animal]], [[place]], [[thing]], [[phenomenon]], [[substance]], [[quality]] or [[idea]], or a word that modifies or describes a previous word or its referent; a [[substantive]] or [[adjective]], sometimes also including other parts of speech such as [[numeral]] or [[pronoun]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1753|author=Thomas Martin|title=An Explanation of the Accidence and Grammar To the End of the Syntax in which The Grounds of each Rule in the Syntax are laid down in the plainest Manner. Compiled By way of Question and Answer, For the Use of Schools.|location=London|page=1|passage=''Q.'' What is a '''Noun'''? A. The Name of a Thing. Q. How many Sorts of '''Nouns''' are there? [...] ''A.'' A '''Noun''' Substantive, and a '''Noun''' Adjective.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1786|author=Signor Veneroni|title=The Complete Italian Master; Containing The best and easiest Rules for attaining that Language|location=London|page=6|passage=A '''Noun''' is a word which serves to name and distinguish some thing; [...]. There are two sorts of '''nouns'''; one is called a '''noun''' substantive, and the other a '''noun''' adjective.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1852|author=Leonhard Schmitz|title=Elementary Latin grammar|location=Edinburgh|page=123|passage=The first part of a compound word is either a '''noun''' (substantive, adjective, or numeral), an adverb, or a preposition, and in a very few cases a verb.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1856|author=R. G. Latham|title=Logic in its application to language|location=London|page=224|passage=Finally, there are many who limit the parts of speech to the '''noun''', the verb, and the particle; referring to the first, the substantive, the adjective, and the pronoun (including the article), to the second the participle, to the third the remainder.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1956|author=Herbert Weir Smyth; Gordon M. Messing|title=Greek Grammar|location=Cambridge|publisher=Harvard University Press|page=44|chapter=189. Parts of Speech|passage=Greek has the following parts of speech: substantives, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and particles. In this Grammar '''''noun''''' is used to include both the substantive and the adjective.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1894|year_published=2008|author=B. L. Gildersleeve; G. Lodge|title=Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar|publisher=Dover|page=9|passage=The Parts of Speech are the '''Noun''' (Substantive and Adjective), the Pronoun, the Verb, and the Particles (Adverb, Preposition, and Conjunction)[.]}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1993|author=Arthur Anthony Macdonell|title=A Vedic Grammar For Students|edition=1st Indian|location=Delhi|page=283|passage=The parts of which the sentence may consist are either inflected words: the '''noun''' (substantive and adjective) and the verb, the participle which shares the nature of both, and the pronoun; or uninflected words: prepositions, adverbs, and conjunctions.}}
# {{lb|en|computing}} An [[object]] within a [[user interface]] to which a certain [[action]] or [[transformation]] (i.e., [[verb]]) is applied.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1992|title=Languages for Developing User Interfaces|author=Brad A. Myers; David C. Smith; Bruce Horn|chapter=19|passage='''Nouns''' are the data; verbs are the data transformations, and therefore verbs represent much of the complexity of systems.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2000|page=59|author=Jeff Raskin|title=The Humane Interface|passage=You choose either (1) the verb (change font) first and then select the '''noun''' (the paragraph) to which the verb should apply or (2) the noun first and then apply the verb.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|year=2005|author=Barbara J. Grosz|journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society|volume=149|issue=4|passage=Thus, in essence, the mouse provides a capability for picking among a set of '''nouns''' (for instance, the file to which to apply some action) and verbs (such as "edit" or "insert")}}

====Usage notes====
* ''(narrow sense)'' In English (and in many other languages), a noun can serve as the subject or object of a [[verb]]. For example, the English words {{m|en|table}} and {{m|en|computer}} are nouns. See [[w:Part of speech|Wikipedia’s article “Parts of speech”]].

====Synonyms====
* {{l|en|name}}, {{l|en|nameword}}
* ''(sensu stricto)'' [[noun substantive]], [[substantive noun]], [[substantive]], [[naming word]]

====Hyponyms====
{{col4|en
|abstract noun
|adjectival noun
|appellative noun
|attributive noun
|collective noun
|common noun
|concrete noun
|count noun
|mass noun
|noun of assemblage
|noun of multitude
|noun of number
|numeral noun
|non-count noun
|plural noun
|proper noun
|tool noun
|uncount noun|deverbal noun
}}
* See ''[[Thesaurus:noun]]''

====Derived terms====
{{der4|en
|adnoun
|noun adjunct
|noun clause|noun-self pronoun
|noun modifier
|noun numeral
|noun phrase
|pronoun|title=some may also be hyponyms and should be placed in above section|action noun|agent noun|bare noun|binary noun|bloody noun|improper noun|invariant noun|material noun|noncount noun|noun class|noun of place|noun substantive proper|numerical noun|phrasal noun|post-noun|predicate noun|result noun|root noun|root-noun|verbal noun}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|nominal}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|grammatical category (narrow sense)}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+|af|selfstandige naamwoord}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|emër}}
* Amharic: {{t|am|ስም}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|اِسْم الذَّات}}, {{t+|ar|اِسْم|m}}
*: Egyptian Arabic: {{t|arz|اسم|m|tr=esm}}
* Aragonese: {{t+|an|sustantibo|m}}
* Aramaic:
*: Hebrew: {{t|arc|שמא|m|tr=šmā’}}
*: Syriac: {{t|arc|ܫܡܐ|m|tr=šmā’}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|գոյական}}
* Assamese: {{t|as|বিশেষ্য পদ}}, {{t|as|বিশেষ্য}}
* Asturian: {{t+|ast|sustantivu}}
* Aymara: {{t-needed|ay}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|isim}}, {{t+|az|ad}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|исем}}
* Basque: {{t-check|eu|substantibo}}, {{t|eu|izen}}
* Bavarian: {{t-needed|bar}}
* Belarusian: {{t+|be|назо́ўнік|m}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|বিশেষ্য}}
* Bikol Central: {{t|bcl|pangngaran}}
* Bishnupriya Manipuri: {{t-needed|bpy}}
* Breton: {{t+|br|anv-kadarn}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|съществи́телно и́ме|n}}, {{t+|bg|съществи́телно|n}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|နာမ်}}
* Buryat: {{t|bua|юумэнэй нэрэ}}
* Carpathian Rusyn: {{t|rue|назывник|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|substantiu|m}}
* Cebuano: {{t|ceb|pungan}}
* Chamorro: {{t-needed|ch}}
* Chechen: {{t|ce|цӏердош}}
* Cherokee: {{t|chr|ᏚᏙᎥᎢ}}
* Chichewa: {{t-needed|ny}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|名詞|}}
*: Hakka: {{t|hak|名詞|tr=miàng-chhṳ̀}}
*: Hokkien: {{t+|nan-hbl|名詞|tr=bêng-sû}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|名詞}}
* Chuvash: {{t|cv|япала ячӗ}}
* Cornish: {{t|kw|hanow|m}}
* Corsican: {{t-needed|co}}
* Crimean Tatar: {{t|crh|ad}}, {{t|crh|isim}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|podstatné jméno|n}}, {{t+|cs|substantivum|n}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|substantiv|n}}, {{t+|da|navneord|n}}
* Dhivehi: {{t-needed|dv}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|zelfstandig naamwoord|n}}, {{t+|nl|substantief|n}}
* Dzongkha: {{t-needed|dz}}
* Erzya: {{t|myv|лемвал}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|substantivo}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|nimisõna}}
* Ewe: {{t|ee|nuŋkɔ}}
* Extremaduran: {{t-needed|ext}}
* Faroese: {{t+|fo|navnorð|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|substantiivi}}, {{t+|fi|nimisana}}
* Franco-Provençal: {{t-needed|frp}}
* French: {{t+|fr|nom|m}}, {{t+|fr|nom substantif|m}}, {{t+|fr|substantif|m}}
* Friulian: {{t-needed|fur}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|substantivo}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|არსებითი სახელი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Dingwort|n}}, {{t+|de|Gegenstandswort|n}} {{qualifier|ambiguous}}, {{t|de|Hauptnennwort|n}}, {{t+|de|Hauptwort|n}}, {{t|de|Selbstwort}}, {{t+|de|Substantiv|n}}, {{t|de|Substantivum|n}}
*: Alemannic: {{t|gsw|Substantiv|n}}
*: Low German: {{t+|nds-de|Substantiv}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|ουσιαστικό|n}}
* Greenlandic: {{t|kl|taggit}}
* Gujarati: {{t|gu|સંજ્ઞા}}
* Hausa: {{t+|ha|suna}}
* Hawaiian: {{t|haw|haʻiinoa}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|שֵׁם עֶצֶם|m|tr=shem étsem}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|संज्ञा|tr=saṅgyā|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|főnév}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|nafnorð|n}} (abbrev. “no.”)
* Ido: {{t+|io|substantivo}}
* Igbo: {{t-needed|ig}}
* Ilocano: {{t|ilo|pangnagan}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kata benda}}, {{t+|id|nomina}}, {{t+|id|kata nama}}, {{t+|id|substantif}}
* Interlingua: {{t+|ia|substantivo}}
* Irish: {{t+|ga|ainmfhocal|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|sostantivo|m}}, {{t|it|nome sostantivo|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|名詞|tr=めいし, meishi}}
* Javanese: {{t|jv|ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁꦲꦫꦤ꧀|tr=tembung aran}}
* Kannada: {{t+|kn|ನಾಮಪದ}}
* Kapampangan: {{t|pam|palagyu}}, {{t|pam|panglagyu}}
* Kashmiri: {{t+|ks|ناوُت}}, {{t+|ks|नावुत|tr=nāwut}}
* Kashubian: {{t+|csb|jistnik|m}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|зат есім}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|នាម}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|명사(名詞)}}
* Kurdish:
*: Central Kurdish: {{t+|ckb|ناو}}
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|navdêr|m}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|зат атооч}}
* Lao: {{t+|lo|ຄຳນາມ}}, {{t|lo|ນາມ}}
* Latin: {{t|la|nomen positivum|n}}, {{t|la|nomen substantivum|n}}, {{t|la|substantivum nomen|n}}, {{t|la|substantivum|n}}
* Latvian: {{t+|lv|lietvārds|m}}, {{t|lv|substantīvs|m}}
* Limburgish: {{t-check|li|zèlfstenjig naamwaord|n}}, {{t-check|li|zèlfstenjig naomswaordj|n}}, {{t-check|li|zèlfwaordj}}, {{t-check|li|zèlfswaordj}}, {{t-check|li|söbstantief}}
* Lingala: {{t-needed|ln}}
* Lithuanian: {{t+|lt|daiktavardis|m}}
* Luxembourgish: {{t+|lb|Substantiv|n}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|именка|f}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|kata nama}}, {{t|ms|kata bilang}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|നാമം}}
* Maltese: {{t+|mt|nom}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|kupuingoa}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|नाम}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|noun substantyf}}
* Mirandese: {{t-needed|mwl}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|mn|нэр үг}}, {{t+|mn|жинхэнэ нэр}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|yízhí}}
* Nepali: {{t+|ne|नाम}}
* Newar: {{t-needed|new}}
* Northern Sami: {{t|se|substantiiva}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|substantiv|n}}, {{t+|nb|navnord|n}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t+|nn|substantiv|n}}, {{t+|nn|namnord|n}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|nom|m}}
* Odia: {{t+|or|ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ}}
* Okinawan: {{t-needed|ryu}}
* Ossetian: {{t|os|номдар}}
* Pannonian Rusyn: {{t|rsk|меновнїк|m}}
* Pashto: {{t+|ps|اسم|m|tr=esm}}, {{t+|ps|⁧نوم|m|tr=num}}
* Persian:
*: Dari: {{t+|prs|اِسْم}}
*: Iranian Persian: {{t+|fa-ira|اِسْم}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|rzeczownik|m-in}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|substantivo|m}}
* Punjabi:
*: Gurmukhi: {{t|pa|ਨਾਂਵ}}
*: Shahmukhi: {{t|pa|شَے}}, {{t|pa|نان٘وَ}}
* Quechua: {{t|qu|sutirimana}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|substantiv|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|и́мя существи́тельное|n}}, {{t+|ru|существи́тельное|n}}
* Rwanda-Rundi: {{t-needed|rw}}
* Scots: {{t|sco|noun}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|ainmear|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|и̏меница|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|ȉmenica|f}}
* Shor: {{t|cjs|небелик|tr=nebelik}}
* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|sustantivu}}
* Sindhi: {{t-needed|sd}}
* Sinhalese: {{t|si|නාම පදය}}, {{t|si|නාමය}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|podstatné meno|n}}, {{t|sk|substantívum|n}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|samostalnik|m}}
* Sorbian:
*: Lower Sorbian: {{t|dsb|substantiw|m}}, {{t|dsb|wěcownik|m}}
*: Upper Sorbian: {{t|hsb|substantiw|m}}, {{t|hsb|wěcownik|m}}
* Southern Altai: {{t|alt|адалгыш}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|sustantivo|m}}, {{t|es|nombre substantivo|m}}, {{t+|es|nombre sustantivo|m}}, {{t+|es|substantivo|m}}, {{qualifier|Venezuela}} {{t+|es|nombre|m}}
* Sundanese: {{t|su|kecap barang}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|nomino}}, {{t+|sw|jina}}
* Swazi: {{t+|ss|libito}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|substantiv|n}}, {{t+|sv|tingord|n}}
* Tagalog: {{t+|tl|pangngalan}}
* Tajik: {{t+|tg|исм}}
* Tamil: {{t+|ta|பெயர்ச்சொல்}}
* Tatar: {{t+|tt|исем}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|నామవాచకము}}
* Tetum: {{t|tet|substantivu}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|นาม}}, {{t+|th|คำนาม}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|མིང་ཚིག}}
* Tigrinya: {{t|ti|ስም}}
* Tok Pisin: {{t|tpi|nem bilong samting}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|ad}}, {{t+|tr|isim}}
* Turkmen: {{t+|tk|at}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|іме́нник|m}}
* Urdu: {{t+|ur|اِسْم|m}}, {{t+|ur|نام|m}}
* Uyghur: {{t+|ug|ئىسىم}}, {{t|ug|نام}}, {{t+|ug|⁧ئات}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|ot}}, {{t+|uz|ism}}
* Venetan: {{t+|vec|nòme|m}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|danh từ}} ({{t|vi|名詞}})
* Volapük: {{t+|vo|subsat}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|no|m}}, {{t|wa|kimon no|m}}, {{t+|wa|sustantif|m}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|enw|m}}
* West Frisian: {{t+|fy|haadwurd|n}}, {{t|fy|haadnamme|c}}
* Wolof: {{t-needed|wo}}
* Xhosa: {{t-needed|xh}}
* Yiddish: {{t+|yi|סובסטאַנטיוו|n}}
* Yoruba: {{t|yo|ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ}}
* Zazaki: {{t+|zza|name}}
* Zulu: {{t+|zu|ibizo|c5|c6}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|grammatical category (broad sense)}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+|af|naamwoord}}
* Bikol Central: {{t|bcl|pangngaran}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|и́ме|n}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|jméno|n}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|navneord|n}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|naamwoord|n}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|nimisõna}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|nomini}}
* French: {{t+|fr|nom|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|nome}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|სახელი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Namenwort|n}}, {{t+|de|Nennwort|n}}, {{t+|de|Nomen|n}}
*: Middle High German: {{t|gmh|nam|m}}
*: Old High German: {{t|goh|namo|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|όνομα|n}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|ὄνομα|n}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|שֵׁם|m|tr=shem}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|नाम|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|névszó}}, {{t+|hu|név}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|nomo}}
* Irish: {{t+|ga|ainm|m}}
*: Old Irish: {{t|sga|ainmm|n}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|nome|m}}
* Kapampangan: {{t|pam|panglagyu}}, {{t|pam|palagyu}}
* Kashmiri: {{t+|ks|ناوُت}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|nōmen|n}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|noun}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|nomen|n}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|nama|m}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|imię|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|nome|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|nume|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|и́мя|n}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|नामन्|n|tr=nā́man}}, {{t+|sa|नाम}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|ime|n}}, {{t+|sh|nomen|m}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|meno|n}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|nombre|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|nomen|n}}
* Tagalog: {{t+|tl|pangngalan}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|ad}}, {{t+|tr|isim}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|no|m}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|enw|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====See also====
* {{l|en|countable}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive}} To convert a word to a noun.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1974|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=9ny6AAAAIAAJ|title=The Modern Schoolman|page=144
|passage=What is not clear is how the '''nouning''' of verbs supports Simon's assumed correspondence between mechanical designing and intentional human responses. Is it the very '''nouning''' of verbs which indicates that the above correspondence exists?}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1992|author=Lewis Acrelius Froman|title=Language and Power: Books III, IV, and V|passage=For example, that females are different from but equal to males is oxymoronic by virtue of the '''nouned''' status of female and male as kinds of persons.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2000|author=Andrew J. DuBrin|title=The complete idiot's guide to leadership|passage=However, too much '''nouning''' makes you sound bureaucratic, immature, and verbally challenged. Top executives convert far fewer nouns into verbs than do workers at lower levels.}}

====Translations====
{{trans-see|convert into a noun|substantivise}}

===See also===
{{list:POS-change/en}}

===References===
* {{pedia}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:OneLook}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=nnou|non-U}}

{{cln|en|autological terms}}
{{C|en|Parts of speech}}

==Chuukese==

===Determiner===
{{head|chk|determiner}}

# third person singular possessive; [[his]], [[hers]], [[its]] (used with a special class of objects including living things)
# [[son]] of, [[daughter]] of

====Related terms====
{{chk-possessive adjectives}}

==Middle English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|enm|none|nown|nowne|noune}}

===Etymology===
From {{bor|enm|xno|nom|noun, non, nom}}, from {{der|enm|la|nōmen}}, a semantic loan from {{noncog|grc-koi|ὄνομα}}. {{doublet|enm|name}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|enm|/nuːn/}}

===Noun===
{{enm-noun|nounes}}

# {{lb|enm|grammar}} {{l|en|noun}} {{gloss|part of speech; a category of words including [[substantive]]s or [[noun#English|noun]]s in the strict sense and [[adjective]]s}}
# An [[appellation]].

====Hyponyms====
{{sense|grammar}}
* {{l|enm|noun substantyf}}
** {{l|enm|noun abstract}}
** {{l|enm|noune collectyf}}, {{l|enm|nown collectif}}
** {{l|enm|nowne appellatiue}}
* {{l|enm|noun adiectyf}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|en|noun}}

====References====
* {{R:MED Online|entry=nǒun(e |pos=n |id=MED29955 |accessdate=2018-05-03}}

{{C|enm|Grammar}}

==Occitan==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|oc|non}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|oc|la|non}}.

===Adverb===
{{oc-adv}}

# {{lb|oc|Mistralian}} [[no]]

==Old French==

===Noun===
{{fro-noun|m}}

# {{alternative form of|fro|nom}}